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The c-myc gene regulates the polyamine pathway in DMSO-induced apoptosis.

It is accepted that apoptosis is a gene-controlled process of cellular self-destruction. It occurs during physiological regulation and in pathological situations in the life of a cell. In the immune system, several different intracellular and extracellular factors have been associated with the induction of apoptosis, and the final responses depend on the cell system and the acquired signals. In lymphoid cells, dexamethasone-induced apoptosis is associated with c-myc downregulation in cells that remain in G0-G1 until the point of death. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), a key enzyme involved in po

Regulation of the Salmonella typhimurium flavohemoglobin gene. A new pathway for bacterial gene expression in response to nitric oxide.

Flavohemoglobins, a family of two-domain proteins with homology to vertebrate hemoglobins, are found in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. Recent studies suggest a role for these proteins in nitrogen oxide metabolism. We now show that nitric oxide donors positively regulate a chromosomal flavohemoglobin (hmp)/lacZ operon fusion in Salmonella typhimurium. hmp gene expression in the presence of NO. is independent of the SoxS, OxyR, and FNR transcription factors and instead relies on inactivation of the iron-dependent Fur repressor. Other Fur-repressed promoters in S. typhimu

Discovery and validation of blood biomarkers for suicidality.

Suicides are a leading cause of death in psychiatric patients, and in society at large. Developing more quantitative and objective ways (bio … roni correction for multiple comparisons. Fourth, we show that the blood levels of SAT1 (spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase 1), the top biomarker identified by us, at the time of testing for this study, differentiated future as well as past hospitalizations with suicidality, in a live cohort of bipolar disorder subjects, and exhibited a similar but w …

Fictibacillus phosphorivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. and proposal to reclassify Bacillus arsenicus, Bacillus barbaricus, Bacillus macauensis, Bacillus nanhaiensis, Bacillus rigui, Bacillus solisalsi and Bacillus gelatini in the genus Fictibacillus.

A Gram-positive-staining, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium (Ca7(T)) was isolated from a bioreactor showing extensive phosphorus removal. … lycan was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the polyamine pattern contained predominantly spermidine and spermine. The major fatty acids, which were iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0, supported the grouping of strain Ca7(T) in the family Bacillaceae. The strain showed DNA-DNA similarities of 48 % (reciprocal 47 %) to B. nanhaiensis DSM 23009(T), 31 % (re …

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B regulates endothelial endoplasmic reticulum stress; role in endothelial dysfunction.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) impairs nitric oxide (NO) production and induces endothelial dysfunction in various diseases, including diabetes, septic shock and heart failure. In non-cardiovascular tissues, PTP1B modulates endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) however this role has never been assessed in endothelial cells. We evaluated the link between PTP1B, ERS and endothelial dysfunction in mice. Induction of ERS (Tunicamycin) in vivo in mice or ex vivo in mouse arteries led to severe arterial endothelial dysfunction (i.e. reduced flow-dependent, NO mediated dilatation in isolated sm

NCX-911, a novel nitric oxide-releasing PDE5 inhibitor relaxes rabbit corpus cavernosum in the absence of endogenous nitric oxide.

Phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have reduced efficacy in treating erectile dysfunction (ED) in conditions where there is a lack of endogenous nitric oxide (NO). Therefore, NO-releasing PDE5 inhibitors have been developed. Here we report the effect of such a compound, NCX-911, on the tone and nitrergic relaxations of rabbit corpus cavernosum in the absence or presence of a NO synthase inhibitor, N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 500 microM). NCX-911 was found to be as potent as sildenafil at inducing relaxation of rabbit cavernosum (EC(50) values 997.8+/-195.7 and 1000.5+/-

Спасение гиппокампальной синаптической пластичности и эффективности памяти Финголимода (FTY720) в модели APP/PS1 болезни Альцгеймера сопровождается коррекцией метаболизма финголипидов, полиаминов и фосфолипидного насыщенного состава.

Ранее, наши метаболомические, транскриптомные и геномные исследования характеризовали путь церамида/шфингомилена как терапевтическую цель в болезни Альцгеймера, и мы показали, что FTY720, фингозин-1-фосфахатный рецептор, утвержденный для лечения множественных склерозов, восстанавливает синаптическая пластичность и память в мышах APP/PS1. Для дальнейшего изучения того, как FTY720 спасает патологию, мы провели метаболический анализ мозга, плазмы и печени обученных APP/PS1 и диких мышей. APP/PS1 мыши продемонстрировали локальные нарушения мозга в полиаминах, фосфолипидах и сфинголипидах. Большинс

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… Besides improving mitochondrial function, spermidine and spermine also increase levels of neurotrophic factors, including BDNF 102 . … This would lead to increased SAM and its decarboxylation to stimulate synthesis of spermidine and spermine. …

CircRNA, lncRNA, and mRNA profiles of umbilical cord blood exosomes from preterm newborns showing bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

UNLABELLED: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) represents a multifactorial chronic pulmonary pathology and a major factor causing premature il … 13/hsa-miR-103a-3p/transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1) and lncRNA-SNHG20/hsa-miR-6720-5p/spermine synthase (SMS) networks, which may take part in BPD. CONCLUSION: This study provided a systematic perspective on UCB-derived exosomal circRNAs and lncRNAs and laid an important foundation for further investigating the potential biological functions …

β-Amyloid disruption of LTP/LTD balance is mediated by AKAP150-anchored PKA and Calcineurin regulation of Ca2+-permeable AMPA receptors.

Regulated insertion and removal of postsynaptic AMPA glutamate receptors (AMPARs) mediates hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) synaptic plasticity underlying learning and memory. In Alzheimer's disease β-amyloid (Aβ) oligomers may impair learning and memory by altering AMPAR trafficking and LTP/LTD balance. Importantly, Ca2+-permeable AMPARs (CP-AMPARs) assembled from GluA1 subunits are excluded from hippocampal synapses basally but can be recruited rapidly during LTP and LTD to modify synaptic strength and signaling. By employing mouse knockin mutations tha

Cross-linking of serine racemase dimer by reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species.

Serine racemase (SR) is the only identified enzyme in mammals responsible for isomerization of L-serine to D-serine, a coagonist at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the forebrain. Our previous data showed that an apparent SR dimer resistant to sodium dodecyl sulfate and β-mercaptoethanol was elevated in microglial cells after proinflammatory activation. Because the activation of microglia is typically associated with an oxidative burst, oxidative cross-linking between SR subunits was speculated. In this study, an siRNA technique was employed to confirm the identity of this SR dimer ban

Fate and effects of acrolein.

Acrolein is a highly toxic, reactive, and irritating aldehyde that occurs as a product of organic pyrolysis, as a metabolite of a number of … ydes. This reactive aldehyde also occurs in organisms as a metabolite of allyl alcohol, allylamine, spermine, spermidine, and the anticancer drug cyclophosphamide, and as a product of UV radiation of the skin lipid triolein. Furthermore, small amounts are found in foods; when animal or vegetable fats are overheated, however, large amounts are produced. Mos …

[Nitric oxide and anti-protozoan chemotherapy].

Constitutive nitric oxide (NO) is generated by constitutively expressed types of NO-synthase enzymes (NOS-I and -III), being involved in phy … arasitostatic effect--with both encystation and excystation inhibition--of S-nitrosoglutathione and spermine-NONOate was documented in trophozoite cultures of Giardia duodenalis. Recently, a novel formulation of metronidazole bearing a NO-releasing group was found to enhance significantly the in vitro killing of Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites, compared …

[Arginase activity in plasma and erythrocytes in children with hematologic diseases].

INTRODUCTION: Arginase (EC 3.5.3.1) is one of the essential enzymes in the terminal stages of the urea cycle in the liver which participates in the elimination of ammonia from the human body [1, 7]. Except in liver tissue arginase is also present in many human tissues and in the circulating blood cells, especially in erythrocytes and leukocytes. Arginase splits arginase to urea and ornithine that serve for biosynthesis of amino acid proline, glutamic acid and biosynthesis of polyamines-spermine, spermidine and putrescine. Arginase activity is high during the mitotic cycle, with the function in…

Improving Bone Regeneration Using Chordin siRNA Delivered by pH-Responsive and Non-Toxic Polyspermine Imidazole-4,5-Imine.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Bone nonunion remains a challenge for orthopaedists. The technological advancements that have been made in precisely silenc … estern blot. We delivered Chordin siRNA to hBMSCs using a previously reported cationic polymer, polyspermine imidazole-4,5-imine (PSI), as a pH-responsive and non-cytotoxic transfection agent. The apoptosis and cellular uptake efficiency were analysed by flow cytometry. RESULTS: We identified Chordin as the most appropriate potential therapeutic target ge …

Biochemical and Clinical Impact of Organic Uremic Retention Solutes: A Comprehensive Update.

In this narrative review, the biological/biochemical impact (toxicity) of a large array of known individual uremic retention solutes and groups of solutes is summarized. We classified these compounds along their physico-chemical characteristics as small water-soluble compounds or groups, protein bound compounds and middle molecules. All but one solute (glomerulopressin) affected at least one mechanism with the potential to contribute to the uremic syndrome. In general, several mechanisms were influenced for each individual solute or group of solutes, with some impacting up to 7 different biolo

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… Several structurally related polyamines such as spermine, spermidine, putrescine and cadaverine, may be retained in uremia [ 1 ]. Most experimental toxicity data (summarized below) have been accumulated with spermine and spermidine. … On the other hand, it has been hypothesized that the previously argued toxicity of especially spermine may be attributed to its oxidative product, acrolein [ 87 ] that appears in uremia and uremic samples at the expense of spermine by the activity of the enzyme amine oxidase [ 88 , 89 ]. …

Oxidation and nitrosation in the nitrogen monoxide/superoxide system.

Based on the previous report of McCord and co-workers (Crow, J. P., Beckman, J. S., and McCord, J. M. (1995) Biochemistry 34, 3544-3552), the zinc dithiolate active site of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) has been studied as a target for cellular oxidants. In the nitrogen monoxide ((*NO)/superoxide (O(2)) system, an equimolar generation of both radicals under peroxynitrite (PN) formation led to rapid inactivation of ADH activity, whereas hydrogen peroxide and ( small middle dot)NO alone reacted too slowly to be of physiological significance. 3-Morpholino sydnonimine inactivated the enzyme with an

Metabolomic Profiles and Heart Failure Risk in Black Adults: Insights From the Jackson Heart Study.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by significant metabolic disturbances; however, the breadth of metab … luded homoarginine (per 1 SD increase in metabolite level, hazard ratio, 0.77; P=1.2×10-3), diacetylspermine (hazard ratio, 1.34; P=3.4×10-3), and uridine (hazard ratio, 0.79; P, 3×10-4). Furthermore, metabolites involved in pyrimidine metabolism (orotic acid) and collagen turnover (N-methylproline) among others were part of a distinct metabolic signature …

Гибридные композитные соединения с оксидами металлов: всеобъемлющий обзор синтеза и многофункциональных видов применения.

В ряде передовых технологий может использоваться разнообразное семейство композитных полимерных (CP) составов с особыми физико-химическими свойствами (MO x). В настоящем исследовании представлен всеобъемлющий обзор комплексных подходов к этим гибридным композитным материалам с уделением особого внимания синергической интеграции оксидов металлов с ХП в целях укрепления их структурной основы, а также их электрических и каталитических свойств. Изучается многофункциональное применение этих материалов, в частности в таких областях, как биомедицинское зондирование, энергосберегающие модули и техноло

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… Spermine Spermine is a potential biomarker of cancers such as breast cancer due to the abnormal growth of cells, as the level of polyamine is increased in physiological fluids such as saliva. … After washing, the cavities were freed to remove any trapped spermine molecule. The sensor exhibited an excellent sensitivity of 0.424 μA nM −1 over a linear spermine concentration range of 0–1000 nM with a very low limit of detection of 220 pM and an LOQ of 667 pM. …