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Всеобъемлющий анализ two Китайские геномы огурцов и мутантов как ресурсы для точного размножения.

Cumuis sativus L., известный как огурец, является важным овощным растениеводством во всем мире, крупнейшим производителем которого является Китай, в особенности северный и южно-китайский типы. В то время как обширные геномные исследования были сосредоточены на Северном Китае, особенно на китайском Лонге. 9930, исследования по Южно-Китайскому типу остаются ограниченными. В этом исследовании мы собрали высококачественные геномы two широко культивируемые и репрезентативные родные разновидности: S36 (тип Северной Китая) и H19 (тип Южной Китая) и провели анализ мутагенезов. Сравнительный анализ ген

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Cucumis sativus L., commonly known as cucumber, is an important vegetable crop worldwide, with China as the largest producer, particularly o … olution of cucumber, highlighting the promising potential of forward genetic approaches in cucumber breeding.

Development of a highly efficient prime editing platform for cucurbits enables breeding of multi-disease-resistant cucumber.

The prime editing (PE) system is a precise genome editing technology that works efficiently in monocots; however, its application is limited by low editing efficiency in dicots, particularly Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae plants. Here, we first significantly improved the transformation efficiency by introducing spectinomycin in cucurbits, then used the tomato elongation factor 1-alpha (SlEF1α) promoter to enhance PE protein expression, and incorporated the Csy4 ribonuclease to process pegRNAs, collectively addressing multiple constraints limiting PE efficiency in cucurbits. The optimized PE syst

A successful stacking of multiple biotic stress resistance in rice facilitated by genes and precision breeding tools.

BACKGROUND: Genetic improvement of rice for biotic stress is a major and continuous breeding objective owing to changing pest and disease scenarios. In response to climate change, an outbreak of new pathotypes and biotypes results in huge yield loss which directly impacts the economic stability and food security. The development of varieties with multiple resistance genes for a particular disease is the most effective approach to the combating mechanism against evolving pathogens and insects. Multiple resistance genes against blast (Pi54), bacterial leaf blight (xa5, xa13, Xa21), and brown pla…

Genetic Dynamics of Allotetraploid Cotton Species (Gossypium spp.) and Their Utilization in Breeding for Superior Fiber Quality.

The restricted genetic diversity of current cotton varieties (Gossypium hirsutum L.) considerably limits breeding opportunities aimed at enhancing fiber quality and resistance to environmental factors. Wild types of allotetraploid cottons are valuable sources of genetic variation, and their breeding potential has not yet been fully utilized. In this study, the inheritance and variability of important agronomic traits were analyzed in F1 and F2 hybrid generations obtained from intra- and interspecific crosses involving G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, and G. darwinii. The phylogenetic relationships …

Optimization of post-ripening treatments for efficient germination of early-harvested winter wheat seeds under speed breeding.

Speed breeding (SB) can substantially shorten crop generation cycles; however, premature harvest often results in low germination percentages due to insufficient physiological maturity. In this study, the winter wheat cultivar 'Yannong 301' was used to optimize post-harvest treatments for early-harvested seeds. Single-factor experiments showed that 20-25 days after anthesis (DAA) represented a critical window during which germination percentage surged from 34.63% to 64.67% (P< 0.01). The optimal drying temperature was 40 °C in the drying temperature experiment. In the drying duration experimen…

Finding Mr. Right: Housing Quality Affects Male Mouse Attractiveness to Females, With Implications for Conservation Captive Breeding.

Females generally prefer mates with traits indicating low stress (e.g., large size; good health). In captivity, stress from suboptimal housi … and 6 CH), the WR trios also tended to be more likely to have litters. For species with problematic breeding programmes, improving welfare via higher-quality housing may therefore help improve reproductive success.

Pan-genome-based resequencing of 2,320 accessions reveals structural variations and accelerates breeding advances in cultivated peanut.

The cultivated peanut is a crucial global legume crop that is essential for food security and nutrition, particularly in developing regions. However, its limited genetic variation hampers breeding progress and yield improvement. Here we constructed a graph-based pan-genome for peanut, incorporating 14 genomes that represent all 6 peanut varieties. Using this pan-genome, we genotyped 2,320 accessions, covering 88.03% of ICRISAT and 59.21% of USDA core germplasm, enriching valuable resources for genomic studies and breeding. We cataloged genomic structural variations and investigated the role of…

An innovative concept of using community information for surveys and developing a map of Simulium breeding sites.

BACKGROUND: Having a Simulium vector distribution map is important for all entomological and epidemiological aspects for the elimination of onchocerciasis. Developing these maps using topographic maps has some limitations such as identifying the exact locations of rapids, especially with low-scale maps. This leads to breeding sites being missed during prospecting. Recent efforts to map breeding sites involve the development of technologies such as satellite images, remote sensing modelling and drones. The limitations of these technologies include cost, security concerns and tree cover preventi…

Generation and Characterization of a Sexual Tetraploid Genotype of Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) for Novel Breeding Strategies.

Breeding Paspalum vaginatum has been limited to the diploid germplasm; however there is a rich diversity in closely related species that may be utilized. The species is diploid and outcrossing due to self-incompatibility. This research aimed to generate a chromosome-doubled tetraploid and evaluate the effects of chromosome doubling on phenotype and reproductive mode. Both seeds and seedlings from a diploid population were treated with 0.2% colchicine for either 24 or 48 h. Morphological, anatomical, and reproductive traits were evaluated in both cytotypes. Megasporogenesis and megagametogenesi…

Ecological Drivers of Breeding Peak in Hamadryas Baboons (Papio hamadryas) Across Two Contrasting Habitats in Saudi Arabia.

Reproduction could be the most important control point for the spread of hamadryas baboons (Papio hamadryas). Understanding the drivers of reproduction is necessary to determine which interventions may work best, in which locations, and at what time of year. We analyzed monthly variation in the proportion of estrous females and black infants in two troops inhabiting two different sites (Dam and Al Hada) in Saudi Arabia over the course of one year (one week per month; ~720 h per site-year; non-contemporaneous). The effects of season, rainfall, natural food diversity, and anthropogenic foods wer

Genomic analysis reveals genetic diversity and selection signatures of the Yantai Black pig during domestication and breeding.

OBJECTIVE: Yantai Black pig (YT), as a native population of the eastern China's Jiaodong Peninsula of Shandong province, characterized by coarse feeding tolerance, strong disease resistance, early sexual maturity, high litter size, and superior meat quality. However, the genetic characteristics and variations underlying its crucial economic traits remain poorly understood. METHODS: In this study, we resequenced the whole genome of 17 YT individuals from distinctly different lineages breeding in three conservation farms to detect single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) density, pairwise fixation …

Blood UV absorbents in urban breeding herring gulls: Annual environmental conditions, not anthropogenic habitat use, drive exposure.

Urban-adapted wildlife foraging in coastal areas are exposed to mixtures of synthetic contaminants, including ultraviolet absorbents (UVAs), … ulls along the St. Lawrence estuary near the industrial center of Québec City (QC, Canada) over two breeding seasons (2023 and 2024). Eight BZT-UVs and five UVFs were measured in the plasma and red blood cells (RBC) of breeding adults. We detected UVAs in both blood compartments of the gulls sampled, with two BZT-UVs (UV-328 and UV-P) and two UVFs (BP-3 an …

Comparative study on the flavor characteristics of diploid and triploid oysters (Crassostrea gigas) before and after breeding.

In this work, the nonvolatile and volatile compounds were analyzed to investigate the effects of breeding and ploidy on the flavor of oysters. The oysters after breeding (November) exhibited enhanced flavor complexity characterized by malty and mushroom aromas, with diploid oysters displaying nutty aroma profiles, whereas triploid oysters demonstrated significantly higher intensity of fruity notes. Among oysters of different periods and ploidy, the November diploid oyster (ND) exhibited the most desirable flavor. This was primarily attributed to its significantly higher contents of adenosine 5…

Impact of environmental factors on Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii infection in breeding ewes from western Mexico.

In Mexico, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are major causes of reproductive problems in sheep. Understanding the environmental factors that influence the spread of these parasites is crucial for developing effective control strategies. The objective of this study was to identify the environmental factors associated with N. caninum and T. gondii infections in sheep in western Mexico. Blood samples were collected from 184 sheep and determine seroprevalence using the ELISA test. Based on the seroprevalence data and information about the climatic regions and geographic characteristics, logi

Decoding the fish genome opens a new era in important trait research and molecular breeding in China.

Aquaculture represents the fastest-growing global food production sector, as it has become an essential component of the global food supply. China has the world's largest aquaculture industry in terms of production volume. However, the sustainable development of fish culture is hindered by several concerns, including germplasm degradation and disease outbreaks. The practice of genomic breeding, which relies heavily on genome information and genotypephenotype relationships, has significant potential for increasing the efficiency of aquaculture production. In 2014, the completion of the genome s…

Mosquito breeding water parameters are important determinants for Microsporidia MB in the aquatic stages of Anopheles species.

BACKGROUND: Microsporidia MB disrupts Plasmodium development in Anopheles mosquitoes, making it a possible biocontrol tool for malaria. As a tool for vector/disease control, its ecological distribution and the factors that determine their occurrence must be defined. We investigated the frequency of Microsporidia MB in Anopheles mosquitoes across selected sites in northern and southern Ghana, as well as the physicochemical parameters of mosquito breeding water that are associated with the occurrence of the fungus, by fitting regression models. METHODS: A non-column extraction method was used t…

Breeding sites, migration paths and phylogenetic relationships of mosquitoes in seven cities in northern and southern China.

Mosquito-borne diseases have wreaked havoc on human health, with consequences dramatically increasing in recent years. The incidence of mosquito-borne diseases is closely linked to the locations that are chosen for urban development. The aim of this study was to provide characteristics of mosquito breeding sites in northern and southern China and to document the most important arbovirus vectors found in the study area, the evidence generated here is critical for early prevention and control inter ventions. This research involved a random selection of various sites across four provinces, spanni…

UV-ARTP compound mutagenesis breeding improves macrolactins production of Bacillus siamensis and reveals metabolism changes by proteomic.

Macrolactins are a type of compound with complex macrolide structure which mainly be obtained through microbiological fermentation now. They … olactin.This study will provide a new way to increase the yield of macrolactins through mutagenesis breeding and proteomics.

Exploring fine-scale urban landscapes using satellite data to predict the distribution of Aedes mosquito breeding sites.

BACKGROUND: The spread of mosquito-transmitted diseases such as dengue is a major public health issue worldwide. The Aedes aegypti mosquito, a primary vector for dengue, thrives in urban environments and breeds mainly in artificial or natural water containers. While the relationship between urban landscapes and potential breeding sites remains poorly understood, such a knowledge could help mitigate the risks associated with these diseases. This study aimed to analyze the relationships between urban landscape characteristics and potential breeding site abundance and type in cities of French Gui…

Prevalence of canine herpesvirus 1 and associated risk factors among bitches in Iranian breeding kennels and farms.

BACKGROUND: Canine herpesvirus 1 (CHV-1) is an important cause of death in newborn puppies and of fertility problems in adult dogs. Identification of risk factors may help to reduce infection rates and alleviate concerns for dog owners and breeders. This study was designed to screen for CHV-1 infection in bitches of breeding kennels and farms in Iran and relate this to possible risk factors. METHODS: A total of 63 vaginal samples were collected from dogs in 5 breeding kennels (n = 47) and from 7 farms (n = 16). Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the CHV-1 specific glycopro…