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New outbreaks of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza in domestic poultry and wild birds in Cambodia in 2011.

Five outbreaks of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) have been diagnosed in domestic poultry and wild birds in Cambodia from Janu … nically, HPAI-infected broilers and native chickens showed sudden death, severe depression, ruffled feathers, edema of heads and necks, swollen and cyanotic combs and wattles, and swollen and congested conjunctiva, with occasional hemorrhage, paralysis, and other neurologic signs. In ducks, significantly swollen sinuses and eyes, cloudy corneas, difficulty …

Questionnaire evaluation and risk factor identification for nonallergic vasomotor rhinitis.

BACKGROUND: Chronic rhinitis, a prevalent primary care disorder associated with significant comorbidities, is often incorrectly diagnosed. A … s office. Questionnaire and physician diagnoses were compared. Allergic triggers included cat, dog, feathers, other furry animals, and symptoms during the spring, summer, and fall seasons. Nonallergic triggers included temperature changes, diesel and car exhaust, tobacco smoke, perfumes and fragrances, incense, cleaning products, newsprint, hairspray, and …

Traumatic myiasis of geese in Hungary.

Five geese flocks were surveyed to gather data on the prevalence and clinical manifestation of traumatic myiasis and the fly species involve … ections. Predisposing conditions for development of traumatic myiasis in geese included plucking of feathers, other injuries and bacterial infections (e.g. inflammation of the phallus).

Independent deposition of collagen types II and IX at epithelial-mesenchymal interfaces.

Previous studies have demonstrated the presence of type II collagen (in mature chickens predominantly a 'cartilage-specific' collagen) in a … n that was not associated with subsequent chondrogenesis, but appeared to parallel the formation of feathers and scales in the developing limb. These observations suggest that the deposition of collagen types II and IX into interfacial matrices is regulated independently, and that induction of mesenchymal chondrogenesis by such matrices does not involve ty …

Toxicity evaluation of chicken calamus keratin conduit as a tissue-engineering scaffold biomaterial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the toxicity of chicken calamus keratin (CCK) conduit as a tissue-engineered scaffold material. METHODS: The chemical composition of the leaching solution of CCK was determined by means of ultraviolet spectrometry, and the toxic effects of the solution was evaluated by skin sensitization test in rats, intracutaneous stimulation test in rabbits, acute systemic toxicity test in mice, and cytotoxicity test in L929 cells. RESULTS: The leaching solution of CCK consisted mainly of middle-molecular-weight peptides with a small quantity of macromolecular proteins. Skin sensiti

Experimentally activated immune defence in female pied flycatchers results in reduced breeding success.

Traditional explanations for the negative fitness consequences of parasitism have focused on the direct pathogenic effects of infectious agents. However, because of the high selection pressure by the parasites, immune defences are likely to be costly and trade off with other fitness-related traits, such as reproductive effort. In a field experiment, we immunized breeding female flycatchers with non-pathogenic antigens (diphtheria-tetanus vaccine), which excluded the direct negative effects of parasites, in order to test the consequences of activated immune defence on hosts' investment in repro

5-azacytidine treatment induces autoimmune vitiligo in parental control strains of the Smyth line chicken model for autoimmune vitiligo.

The effect of 5-Azacytidine (5-AzaC) on melanization was examined in two sublines of the Smyth line (SL) chicken model for autoimmune vitiligo, in two MHC-matched vitiligo-susceptible but normally pigmented controls (BL), and in nonsusceptible controls (LBL). 5-AzaC was administered ip every 3 days from day of hatch to 18 weeks at levels of 1 or 3 mg/kg body wt. Both treatments increased (P < 0.01) the incidence of autoimmune vitiligo in BL controls. In contrast, treatment significantly depressed (P < 0.01) the expected high incidence of vitiligo in one SL subline, but not in the other. There

Did the evolution of multiple microchromosomes help save bird and other dinosaurs from extinction?

Birds currently number ∼11,000 species and, despite enormous biodiversity, have numerous class-specific characteristics including feathers, flight, nesting, brooding, longevity and a very distinctive karyotype. Central to several academic fields including developmental biology, agriculture, virology, neurobiology, evolution, ecology and conservation, many birds have a fully-sequenced genome assemblies; aligning these to the karyotype (chromosome level assembly), is key to understanding avian biology and evolution. The "signature" avian karyotype (∼2n = 80) of these Therapod dinosaurs, many of …

Evidence of High Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.3.4.4b Among Poultry in Ghana From 2021 to 2022.

INTRODUCTION: During the 2021 COVID-19 pandemic, Ghana experienced outbreaks of high pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 among poultry. OBJECTIVES: Here, we describe the distribution and genetic characterisation of clade 2.3.4.4b HPAIV H5N1 isolated among poultry. METHODS: We conducted active surveillance for influenza viruses among animals (poultry and swine) and environmental samples across Ghana from 2021 to 2022. Tracheal/cloacal swabs were collected from poultry while nasal/anal swabs were collected from swine. Environmental samples (bird droppings, feathers, and water) were c…

Molecular and pathological characterization of very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) strains in Kashmir, India.

Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), or Gumboro disease, is an acute, highly contagious viral infection that primarily affects young chickens, c … vaccine mismatch. Clinically, affected birds exhibited depression, anorexia, diarrhea, and ruffled feathers. Gross lesions included hemorrhages in the thigh and breast muscles, and severe bursal enlargement with hemorrhagic folds. Histopathological findings revealed hemorrhages at interfollicular junctions, lymphoid depletion, heterophilic infiltration, i …

Bioaccumulation of trace elements by Leach's storm-petrels (Hydrobates leucorhous) in the North and South Atlantic Ocean during the non-breeding period.

Trace elements occur naturally in the environment, but anthropogenic activities can amplify their release, increasing exposure and bioaccumu … n in Leach's storm-petrels from five overwintering locations in the Atlantic Ocean, using secondary feathers (S4s) and geolocation data. Hg concentrations and trophic position (δ15N) varied significantly among overwintering locations, whereas other trace elements varied without clear spatial patterns. Sea surface temperature was positively correlated with …

Miscounting microplastics as a result of matrix molecules: optimizing identification and quantification of microplastics in natural freshwater systems.

Microplastics have become a major focus of research in environmental chemistry; over the past decade, microplastic sampling has shifted from … a and potential library misidentification of natural matrix materials, such as plant waxes and bird feathers that sometimes survive oxidative treatments. Specifically, the new methodological approach incorporates the use of ethanol to address lipid-rich organic materials and an additional filtering step following Fenton oxidation to separate the retained p …

Evaluating Dermal Bone as a Novel Source of Endocrine Information in Ninespine and Threespine Stickleback Fish.

Monitoring the physiology of small aquatic and marine teleost fish presents challenges. Blood samples, often the first choice for endocrinologists, can be difficult or even impossible to obtain and alternative matrices currently used for hormone analyses do not occur in fishes (e.g., hair, feathers etc.) or are not easily collected from small aquatic organisms (e.g., urine and feces). Some teleosts, however, have enlarged bony dermal elements that possibly accumulate and store steroid hormones in physiological relevant concentrations. Both threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) and ni…

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) infection in crows through ingestion of infected crow carcasses.

The present study was aimed to investigate the role of cannibalism in transmission of H5N1 avian influenza virus to house crows (Corvus sple … rus excretion. All four crows showed clinical signs viz., dullness, reluctance to move with ruffled feathers on 6th day post cannibalism along with neurological signs including incoordination and paralysis of the wings. All the crows gradually recovered after showing clinical signs and were euthanized on 21st day of observation period. Virus excretion was …

Atypical Mycosis in Psittacine Birds: A Retrospective Study.

A retrospective study was conducted on parrots submitted from necropsy to the Department of Veterinary Pathology, School of Biosciences and Veterinary, University of Camerino, Italy, from 2007 to 2018. From a total of 2,153 parrots examined at post-mortem, four cases were diagnosed with atypical mycosis and were considered for determination of the fungus species by PCR. A Fischer's lovebird (Agapornis fischeri), Peach-faced lovebirds (Agapornis roseicollis), and two Blue and Gold Macaws (Ara ararauna) from four different aviaries died after some days of lethargy and ruffled feathers. Records o…

Candida species isolated from pigeon (Columbia livia) droppings may express virulence factors and resistance to azoles.

Even though it is widely known that Cryptococcus spp. may transmit cryptococcosis trough aerosol formed when dried birds (mainly pigeons) droppings are dispersed and become airborne, little is known about the role of these birds in harboring other pathogenic yeasts in their gastrointestinal tract, feathers and beaks, specifically because these animals often stay and reproduce close or even above air conditioner units. Here we evaluated the prevalence of pathogenic yeasts isolated from pigeon droppings collected in the outside area of a University Hospital in Brazil. We also aimed to investigat…

Приемлемость и роль компетентного хозяина красноногих куропаток после заражения вирусом 1 и 2 Западного Нила изолируют средиземноморское и центральноевропейское происхождение.

Вирус Западного Нила (WNV; род Флавивирус; семейство Флавивиридае) является аэтологическим агентом зарождающейся, переносимой комарами болезни, которая оказывает огромное воздействие на здоровье человека и животных. На протяжении последних 15 лет ВНВ несет ответственность за крупные эпидемии, главным образом в Северной Америке, но также и в Европе, где линия 1 и, в последнее время, 2 штаммы стали причиной увеличения числа вспышек с увеличением числа человеческих инфекций и более высокой вирулентности для некоторых видов диких птиц. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы сравнить курс ин

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
West Nile virus (WNV; genus Flavivirus; family Flaviviridae) is the aetiological agent of an emerging, mosquito-borne disease with great imp … in. Likewise, this strain was the most pathogenic causing the highest viral loads in blood, organs, feathers and oral and cloacal secretions. These experimental results indicate that the red-legged partridge is highly susceptible to the infection with lineage 1 and 2 WNV strains and that this species may act as an amplifying host for both WNV lineages.

Industrial Melanism in the Seasnake Emydocephalus annulatus.

Although classically associated with urban environments in invertebrates, melanism in terrestrial snakes is more often linked to occupancy of cool climates [1-3]. Thermal advantages to melanism do not apply in aquatic snakes [4], but although turtle-headed seasnakes (Emydocephalus annulatus) are banded or blotched across a wide geographic range [5], most individuals are melanic in polluted inshore bays of the Pacific island of New Caledonia [4]. Why has melanism evolved in these urban sites? Because trace elements bind to melanin, darker feathers enhance a bird's ability to shed pollutants [6]…

An epidemiological study of animals dermatomycoses in Iran.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the fungal species isolated from skin lesions of different animals suspected of having dermatomycoses and their prevalence in different regions of Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 1011 animals (292 dogs, 229 cats, 168 horses, 100 camels, 98 cows, 60 squirrels, 37 birds, 15 sheep, 6 goats, 5 rabbits and 1 fox) suspected of having dermatomycoses were examined. The samples were obtained by plucking the hairs and feathers with forceps around the affected area and scraping the epidermal scales with a sterile scalpel blade. All collected samples were analyzed by direc…

Heat dissipation during hovering and forward flight in hummingbirds.

Flying animals generate large amounts of heat, which must be dissipated to avoid overheating. In birds, heat dissipation is complicated by feathers, which cover most body surfaces and retard heat loss. To understand how birds manage heat budgets during flight, it is critical to know how heat moves from the skin to the external environment. Hummingbirds are instructive because they fly at speeds from 0 to more than 12 m s(-1), during which they transit from radiative to convective heat loss. We used infrared thermography and particle image velocimetry to test the effects of flight speed on heat…