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Хронические активные повреждения при множественном склерозе: классификация, терминология и клиническое значение.

В случае множественного склероза (MS) считается, что растущая инвалидность происходит из-за хронического воспаления, застрявшего в центральной нервной системе (КНС). Это состояние, известное как удушающая нейроинфламмация, присутствует по всему клиническому спектру MS и в настоящее время считается относительно устойчивым к лечению с помощью существующих методов лечения, позволяющих модифицировать болезни. Хронические активные повреждения белых веществ являются одним из ключевых компонентов удушающей нейроинфламмации. На начальном этапе, описываемом в образцах аутопсии, быстро появляются многоч

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In multiple sclerosis (MS), increasing disability is considered to occur due to persistent, chronic inflammation trapped within the central nervous system (CNS). This condition, known as smoldering neuroinflammation, is present across the clinical spectrum of MS and is currently understood to be relatively resistant to treatment with existing disease-modifyi…

Olfactory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: association with secondary progression.

OBJECTIVE: The Brief Smell Identification Test (B-SIT) was used to explore odour identification capacities in multiple sclerosis (MS). METHODS: In total, 153 consecutive patients with MS and 165 healthy controls (HC) participated in the study. All participants were asked to answer the B-SIT and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). The Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the Multiple Sclerosis Severity Scale (MSSS), and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) were used for patients' clinical and cognitive characterization. RESULTS: Patients with MS (11.1%) were more impaire…

Rapid serial processing in patients with multiple sclerosis: the role of peripheral deficits.

This study compared speed of information processing in patients with relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) and healthy controls using the Stroop Test and a Picture Naming Test (PNT). While both tests evaluated processing speed within a format calling for rapid serial processing of stimulus information, the PNT included trials designed to impose greater verbal-motor and ocular-motor challenges by using novel rather than repeated pictures and by presenting the pictures in distributed locations rather than always centered on the screen. The results confirmed that a …

The neuropathobiology of multiple sclerosis.

Chronic low-grade inflammation and neuronal deregulation are two components of a smoldering disease activity that drives the progression of disability in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Although several therapies exist to dampen the acute inflammation that drives MS relapses, therapeutic options to halt chronic disability progression are a major unmet clinical need. The development of such therapies is hindered by our limited understanding of the neuron-intrinsic determinants of resilience or vulnerability to inflammation. In this Review, we provide a neuron-centric overview of recent adv…

Disease-modifying treatment for multiple sclerosis in Poland in a European context: current practices and therapeutic strategies.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system and the leading cause of non-traumatic disability in young adults. In Poland, MS represents a significant neurological and public health challenge. Although treatment principles for MS are largely based on international guidelines, their implementation varies across countries due to differences in healthcare organization and access to therapies. Current treatment algorithms in Poland include both platform agents, such as interferon beta, glatiramer acetate, fumarates, and teriflunomide, as well as high-…

Combined intrathecal and intravenous exosome injection efficiency in a multiple sclerosis patient: a case report.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system with limited treatment efficacy for progressive forms. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secreted exosomes offer therapeutic potential via regenerative and immunomodulatory actions, including T-cell suppression and neurotrophic factor secretion. Exosomes, as cell-free alternatives, may mediate MSC effects by delivering cargo such as microRNAs, potentially promoting oligodendrocyte precursor cell differentiation and blood-brain barrier stabilization with reduced immunogenicity. Preclinical …

Eating Pattern and Nutritional Risks among People with Multiple Sclerosis Following a Modified Paleolithic Diet.

Preliminary studies suggest that a modified Paleolithic diet may benefit symptoms of fatigue in progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). However, this diet restricts the consumption of eggs, dairy, and gluten-containing grains, which may increase the risk of micronutrient deficiencies. Therefore, we evaluated the nutritional safety of this diet among people with progressive MS. Three nonconsecutive 24-h dietary recalls were collected from (n = 19) progressive MS participants in the final months of a diet intervention study and analyzed using Nutrition Data System for Research (NDSR) software. Food…

Monoclonal antibody therapy in multiple sclerosis: Paradigm shifts and emerging challenges.

Therapeutic approaches to multiple sclerosis (MS) are based on altering the functions of the immune system, either by using broad immunosuppressive drugs used for transplantation rejection and rheumatology, or by modulating them more discreetly with beta interferon and synthetic amino-acid copolymers. These strategies are only partially successful, have important safety and tolerability limitations, and have shown to be mostly effective in earlier stages of the disease, in which acute relapses dominate the clinical picture. For progressive phenotypes of MS there are currently no effective ther…

Autologous stem cell transplant in adult multiple sclerosis patients: A study from North India.

INTRODUCTION: Autologous Stem Cell Transplant (ASCT) provides long periods of progression-free-survival in multiple sclerosis (MS). This is an observational study to demonstrate the safety of ASCT in MS patients at a transplant center in North India using a lymphoablative regimen. MATERIALS AND METHODS: MS patients > 18 years referred by a neurologist or who came of their own volition were evaluated. Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was calculated and those with a score of >7 were excluded. Informed written consent was taken. Mobilization was done with G-CSF with predniso…

Последние достижения в области мезенхимической стволовой клеточной терапии для множественных склерозов: клинические виды применения и проблемы.

Множественный склероз (MS), хроническое аутоиммунное расстройство центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризуется воспалением, обезвоживанием и нейродегенерацией, что приводит к различным клиническим проявлениям, таким, как усталость, сенсорное расстройство и когнитивная дисфункция. Текущее фармакологическое лечение направлено прежде всего на иммунную модуляцию, но не позволяет остановить прогрессию заболеваний или полностью обратить на нет повреждения CNS. Лечение стволовыми клетками (MSC) является многообещающей альтернативой, используя иммуномудуляторы, нейрозащиту и регенеративные спосо

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS), is characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration, leading to diverse clinical manifestations such as fatigue, sensory impairment, and cognitive dysfunction. Current pharmacological treatments primarily target immune modulation but fail to arrest …

Therapeutic potential of natural killer cells in neuroimmunological diseases.

Natural killer (NK) cells, a major component of the innate immune system, have prominent immunoregulatory, antitumor proliferation, and antiviral activities. NK cells act as a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential in neurological autoimmunity. Emerging evidence has identified NK cells are involved in the development and progression of neuroimmunological diseases such as multiple sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders, autoimmune encephalitis, Guillain-Barré Syndrome, chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, myasthenia gravis, and idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. …

Correlation between the Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio and Multiple Sclerosis: Recent Understanding and Potential Application Perspectives.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic debilitating immune-mediated disease of the central nervous system, which causes demyelination and neuroaxonal damage. Low-grade systemic inflammation has been considered to lead to pathogenesis owing to the amplification of pathogenic immune response activation. However, there is a shortage of reliable systemic inflammatory biomarkers to predict the disease activity and progression of MS. In MS patients, a series of cytokines and chemokines promote the proliferation of neutrophils and lymphocytes and their transfer to the central nervous system. The neutro…

Fine-tuning of type I IFN-signaling in microglia--implications for homeostasis, CNS autoimmunity and interferonopathies.

Type I interferons (IFN) are pleiotropic cytokines originally described as molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses against viral infections. Upon activation, type I IFN can be produced locally in the central nervous system (CNS) from a number of different cell types including microglia, the CNS-resident macrophages. Increased type I IFN production and signaling in microglia are critically important to limit viral infection and disease progression in multiple sclerosis. However, recent findings suggest that even baseline levels of constitutive IFN expre…

[Narcolepsy].

Narcolepsy is a rather unknown but not exceptional condition. Its prevalence, 2 to 6/10000, is ranging among this of multiple sclerosis. Narcolepsy is remarkable for clinical, polygraphic and immunogenetic features which make it a kind of model of disorders of alertness. It was first described in 1877. It has recently benefited from consistent pathophysiological progresses, which have been facilitated by the discovery of a natural canine model. The two main symptoms are irresistible and refreshing episodes of sleep and cataplexy a loss of muscle tone emotionally triggered. Polygraphically the …

Роль воспаления в нейродегенеративных болезнях: болезнь Паркинсона, болезнь Альцгеймера и множественный склероз.

Нейродегенеративные заболевания представляют собой группу заболеваний, которые, как правило, характеризуются постепенным повреждением и дегенерацией нейронов в центральной нервной системе. В эту группу входят болезнь Паркинсона, болезнь Альцгеймера и множественный склероз. В последние годы все больше фактов указывает на важную роль воспаления в патогенезе этих условий. Происхождение воспаления в мозге, которое часто вызывается провоспалительной активацией микроглий или астроцитов, может, следовательно, привести к хронической провокационной реакции, способствующей развитию нейродегенеративных п

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neurodegenerative diseases are a group of conditions that have in common the progressive damage and degeneration of neurons in the central nervous system. This group includes Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and multiple sclerosis, among others. In recent years, increasing evidence has pointed to the important role of inflammation in the pathogenesi…

Impact of autoimmune comorbidity on inflammatory activity and disability accumulation in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Autoimmune comorbidities occur more frequently in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and have been proposed to exacerbate disease through a putative increase in immune burden. Whether the coexistence of autoimmune disease translates into greater inflammatory activity or accelerated disability progression in relapsing MS remains uncertain. METHODS: We performed a large retrospective matched cohort study using the international MSBase registry, including patients with relapsing - remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome. Autoimmune comorbidity was defined by documented diagno…

Роль лактической кислотной бактерии в улучшении поведенческого дефицита, серных уровней витамина D3, B12 и снижении окислительного стресса и демиелиции в модели разложения крысы, вызванной купризоной.

Множественный склероз представляет собой хроническое, подстрекательское и демиелионирующее расстройство, затрагивающее центральную нервную систему, где, по оценкам, в мире насчитывается 2,5 миллиона человек. Появляющиеся исследования подчеркивают значительное влияние микробиота кишечника на иммунную систему, что указывает на потенциальную роль в инициировании и развитии подстрекательских заболеваний. В рамках этого исследования изучалось потенциальное терапевтическое воздействие видов лактобациля и бифидобакерия, изолированных от традиционных молочных продуктов, на демиелинизацию, вызванную ку

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis constitutes a chronic, inflammatory, and demyelinating disorder affecting the central nervous system, with an estimated global prevalence of 2.5 million individuals. Emerging research underscores the significant influence of the gut microbiota on the immune system, suggesting a potential role in the initiation and progression of inflammato…

The natural course of clinically isolated syndrome in pediatric patients.

BACKGROUND: The first episode of central nervous system (CNS) symptoms with a presumed inflammatory demyelinating cause is defined as clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) according to the 2007 consensus of the International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group, which developed diagnostic criteria for CNS demyelination disease in children. Using this definition of CIS, we attempted to identify the natural course of pediatric patients with CIS in a single Korean institution and to determine the factors affecting their prognosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of all …

Винт-активированные иммунорегулирующие Myeloid Cells предотвращают релапс в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломелите и предлагают потенциальную терапевтическую стратегию для множественного склероза.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующееся периодическими рецидивами и нейродегенерацией. Миэлоидные клетки играют важнейшую роль в формировании подстрекательской среды и влиянии на прогрессию заболеваний. Здесь мы показываем, что активация Wnt сигнального пути перепрограммирует миэлоидные клетки в иммунорегулирующий фенотип, что ведет к снижению нейроинфламмации и серьезности заболеваний. Используя как экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиелит (EAE), так и миелиоидные клетки человека, мы показываем, что Wnt агонис

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by recurrent inflammatory relapses and neurodegeneration. Myeloid cells play a critical role in shaping the inflammatory environment and influencing disease progression. Here, we demonstrate that activation of the Wnt signaling pathway reprograms myeloid…

Imaging of microglia in patients with neurodegenerative disorders.

Microglia constitute the main immune defense in the central nervous system. In response to neuronal injury, microglia become activated, acqu … ng in neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Dementias, and Multiple Sclerosis.