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Habitual lip and tongue posture in infants with Trisomy 21: characterization and associated factors.

PURPOSE: To characterize the habitual lip and tongue posture in infants with trisomy 21 and to verify its association with age, sex, and clinical characteristics. METHODS: This is an observational, cross-sectional, analytical study with a sample of 61 infants with trisomy 21, with a mean age of 7.4 ± 6.2 months. The habitual lip and tongue posture was obtained through the analysis of videos of the infants' faces. Data regarding age, sex, and clinical conditions were collected from the participants' medical records. The study response variables were the habitual tongue and lip postures predomi…

Differences in pre-swing posture between successful and tripping steps in individuals with stroke.

BACKGROUND: Tripping is a major cause of falls in individuals with stroke. While prior studies have examined externally induced perturbations or distal joint kinematics, the mechanisms underlying intrinsic tripping-related near-falls during walking remain unclear, particularly during the pre-swing phase preceding swing initiation. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does altered thoracic and pelvic posture during the pre-swing phase contribute to tripping-related near-falls in individuals with stroke, independent of lower limb joint kinematics? METHODS: Tripping-related near-fall trials were retrospectively …

Sleep Posture Detection via Embedded Machine Learning on a Reduced Set of Pressure Sensors.

Sleep posture is a key factor in assessing sleep quality, especially for individuals with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA), where the sleeping position directly affects breathing patterns: the side position alleviates symptoms, while the supine position exacerbates them. Accurate detection of sleep posture is essential in assessing and improving sleep quality. Automatic sleep posture detection systems, both wearable and non-wearable, have been developed to assess sleep quality. However, wearable solutions can be intrusive and affect sleep, while non-wearable systems, such as camera-based approach…

Smart devices, head posture, and malocclusion: is there a relationship? A prospective controlled study.

BACKGROUND: Considering the widespread and growing use of smart devices, this study aimed to investigate the association between smart device use and malocclusion, potentially mediated by changes in head posture. METHODS: Dental patients scheduled to undergo lateral cephalograms at a university dental hospital and who met the inclusion criteria were invited to participate. A questionnaire was completed to collect baseline demographics (age, gender, and parental education) and assess the severity of smart device use (MPPUS-10). Craniocervical and craniofacial measurements, hyoid bone position, …

Multimodal depression recognition and analysis: Facial expression and body posture changes via emotional stimuli.

BACKGROUND: Clinical studies have shown that facial expressions and body posture in depressed patients differ significantly from those of healthy individuals. Combining relevant behavioral features with artificial intelligence technology can effectively improve the efficiency of depression detection, thereby assisting doctors in early identification of patients. This study aims to develop an end-to-end multimodal recognition model combining facial expressions and body posture via deep learning techniques, enabling rapid preliminary screening of depression. METHODS: We invited 146 subjects (73…

Head Posture and Upper Spine Morphological Deviations in Patients With Hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To compare head posture and upper spine morphology in hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) patients with healthy controls with neutral occlusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study consisted of 27 hEDS patients (23 females, 4 males, mean age 36.41 ± 11.35) and 39 healthy controls (28 females, 11 males, mean age 31.85 ± 11.35) with neutral occlusion and no previous orthodontic treatment. Head posture was analysed by angular measurements on lateral cephalograms taken in natural head position and upper spine morphology was assessed on Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) by visual …

How Downhill and Uphill Running Interfere Posture and Muscle Activity: A Descriptive Laboratory Study.

BACKGROUND: Downhill and uphill running alter running kinematics, changing force distributions and muscle activities. While changes in the lower limbs have received more attention, research on the back and pelvis remains scarce. Understanding grade-specific changes in the trunk is crucial for developing injury prevention strategies and return-to-activity protocols after back injuries. PURPOSE: This study examined how running on six different gradients (ranging from -15% downhill to +15% uphill) affects back and pelvic posture, as well as muscle activity in trunk and lower limb muscles. METHO…

Effects on spinal posture of varying loads pushed while walking at different gait velocities.

BACKGROUND: Pushing activities are associated with a considerable risk for back disorders. Previous findings verify that pushing tasks influence trunk position, but do not establish how spinal posture and curvature change when pushing while walking. There is no information about how changes in spinal curvature are influenced by the load being pushed and the velocity at which it is pushed. RESEARCH QUESTION: Purpose of this study was therefore to evaluate the effect on spinal posture of varying loads during the sustained phase of pushing activities while walking at different velocities. METHO…

Gait and posture analysis in rats with Parkinson's disease using DeepLabCut during beam test.

BACKGROUND: Gait and postural impairments in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) severely affect daily activities and are important targets for treatment. AIM: This study aimed to analyze gait and posture in PD-model rats during the beam test using DeepLabCut (DLC), a deep neural network for motion tracking. METHODS: Ten rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions and five sham-operated rats were tested. The beam test was used to evaluate foot slips, execution time, head and trunk inclination, and stride length using images captured from frontal, lateral, and top views. RESUL…

Cephalometric Measurements of Upper Airway at Upright and Supine Posture in Adult OSAS Patients.

OBJECTIVE: This article aims to investigate whether posture (upright vs. supine) affects airway-related cephalometric measurements in adult Chinese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-seven adult Chinese male patients with OSAS (mean age, 50.1 ± 10.2 years), diagnosed through polysomnography, were recruited. All of the recruited patients had their lateral cephalograms taken in the upright posture and lateral cephalometric images taken using spiral computed tomography scans in the supine posture within a 3-month interval. Healthy Chinese men wer…

OPM-MEG в множестве склерозов: Доказательство принципа и эффект натуралистической осанки.

Множественный склероз (MS) — обычное неврологическое расстройство, при котором повреждение миэлина влияет на нейронную сигнализацию. Магнитоэнцефалография (MEG - измерение магнитных полей, генерируемых нейронными течениями) предлагает метрики функции мозга, которые непосредственно связаны с электрофизиологической сигнализацией, что делает ее ценным инструментом для изучения того, как аномальная функция соотносится с симптомами MS. Однако обычное МГЭ требует, чтобы участники сидели или сидели с ограниченным движением головы и тела. Это затрудняет измерение функции мозга, одновременно призывая п

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a common neurological disorder in which myelin damage affects neuronal signalling. Magnetoencephalography (MEG - … useful means to investigate MS; it also demonstrates the importance of investigating how changes in posture relate to oscillations and connectivity, and lays the groundwork for broader studies of movement.

Balance recovery for lower limb exoskeleton in standing posture based on orbit energy analysis.

Introduction: The need for effective balance control in lower limb rehabilitation exoskeletons is critical for ensuring stability and safety during rehabilitation training. Current research into specialized balance recovery strategies is limited, highlighting a gap in biomechanics-inspired control methods. Methods: We introduce a new metric called "Orbit Energy" (OE), which assesses the balance state of the human-exoskeleton system based on the dynamics of the overall center of mass. Our control framework utilizes OE to choose appropriate balance recovery strategies, including torque controls

Susceptibility of optic nerve head in children with posture-related elevation of intraocular pressure.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: This work aimed to investigate changes in optic nerve head (ONH) morphometry based on Bruch membrane opening in children with extensive nocturnal intraocular pressure (IOP) elevations. METHODS: The course of Bruch membrane opening-based optic nerve head (ONH) morphometry was analysed in thirty-two patients younger than 18 years with evaluable SD-OCT examinations of the ONH and nocturnal posture-dependent IOP elevation above 25 mmHg. Longitudinal changes in neuroretinal rim tissue, as measured by Bruch Membrane opening minimum rim width (BMO-MRW) and peripapillary retinal nerv…

The complexity of cerebral blood flow regulation: the interaction of posture and vasomotor reactivity.

Arterial carbon dioxide ([Formula: see text]) and posture influence the middle (MCAv) and posterior (PCAv) cerebral artery blood velocities, but there is paucity of data about their interaction and need for an integrated model of their effects, including dynamic cerebral autoregulation (dCA). In 22 participants (11 males, age 30.2 ± 14.3 yr), blood pressure (BP, Finometer), dominant MCAv and nondominant PCAv (transcranial Doppler ultrasound), end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2, capnography), and heart rate (HR, ECG) were recorded continuously. Two recordings (R) were taken when the participant was supine (R…

Effects of victim's body posture and attacker's gender on slashing attacks: a biomechanical study.

OBJECTIVE: Sharp force injury has been and will remain to be a major cause of violent death; however, scientific evaluations on the impact of body posture of the victim and gender of the perpetrator on sharp force injury have been scarce. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical characteristics found in individuals (male and female) when using a Chinese kitchen knife to slash the neck of a dummy while it was in the standing and supine positions. This work offers a solid basis for forensic identifications, criminal investigations, and court trials. METHODS: A total of 12 mal…

Surface electromyographic analysis of the bilateral abdomen and back muscle during selected yoga posture.

UNLABELLED: Sedentary lifestyles lead to postural deformities, Lower Back Pain(LBP) and Colorectal cancer(CRC). Practicing Yoga attains definite strength in muscles by activating muscle fibers. The Yoga poses analyzed are often used in strengthening and stability programs for the abdomen and back muscles. OBJECTIVE: To determine the potential use of Dolphin pose and Dolphin plank in specific strengthening endurance and rehabilitation programs via sEMG analysis in the selected bilateral abdomen and lower back muscles. METHODS: Surface electromyographic analysis was conducted on bilateral musc

The Association of Sagittal Spinal Posture among Elementary School Pupils with Sex and Grade.

The objective of this research was to analyze and elucidate the sagittal spinal posture status in older elementary school children, considering their gender and grade differences. The study involved 484 school children (252 males and 232 females) from grades V to VIII, assessed for sagittal spinal posture using the Formetric 4D System. The analysis, employing the Chi-squared test of independence along with the Z-test, did not reveal significant grade-related differences (p < 0.52) in the incidence of normal sagittal alignment or diagnosed outliers. However, within grade levels, no significant …

Predator response to the coloured eyespots and defensive posture of Colombian four-eyed frogs.

Deimatic displays, where sudden changes in prey appearance elicit aversive predator reactions, have been suggested to occur in many taxa. Th … cial frogs to wild predators to test whether the two components (eyespot/colour markings, defensive posture) of their putative deimatic display, and their combination, provide protection from predation without the sudden change in appearance. We did not detect any obvious additive effect of defensive posture and eyespots/colour markings on predation risk, …

Evolution of posture in amniotes-Diving into the trabecular architecture of the femoral head.

Extant amniotes show remarkable postural diversity. Broadly speaking, limbs with erect (strongly adducted, more vertically oriented) posture are found in mammals that are particularly heavy (graviportal) or show good running skills (cursorial), while crouched (highly flexed) limbs are found in taxa with more generalized locomotion. In Reptilia, crocodylians have a "semi-erect" (somewhat adducted) posture, birds have more crouched limbs and lepidosaurs have sprawling (well-abducted) limbs. Both synapsids and reptiles underwent a postural transition from sprawling to more erect limbs during the …

Fast Three-Dimensional Posture Reconstruction of Motorcyclists Using OpenPose and a Custom MATLAB Script.

Ergonomics focuses on the analysis of the interaction between human beings and their working environment. During the riding of a motorbike, ergonomics studies the rider's posture on the motorbike. An incorrect posture can lead to physical and psychological discomfort, and can affect the perception of risk and the handling of the motorcycle. It is important for motorcyclists to adopt a good riding posture, for their health and road safety. The aim of this work is to propose a fast, cheap, and sufficiently robust method for the 3D reconstruction of the posture assumed by a motorcyclist. The ster…