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Molecular targeted therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma: from biology to clinical practice and future.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers globally, particularly in certain regions of the world. Although the major risk factors for HCC have been identified, the specific mechanisms driving hepatocarcinogenesis remain unclear. Sorafenib is the only systemic therapy that has demonstrated an overall survival benefit in patients with advanced HCC and does so primarily through antiangiogenic activity. However, that actual benefit is still relatively small. Extensive research has focused on targeting dysfunctional molecular pathways in HCC. Despite promising preclinical and

Molecular aberrations, targeted therapy, and renal cell carcinoma: current state-of-the-art.

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is among the most prevalent malignancies in the USA. Most RCCs are sporadic, but hereditary syndromes associated with RCC account for 2-3 % of cases and include von Hippel-Lindau, hereditary leiomyomatosis, Birt-Hogg-Dube, tuberous sclerosis, hereditary papillary RCC, and familial renal carcinoma. In the past decade, our understanding of the genetic mutations associated with sporadic forms of RCC has increased considerably, with the most common mutations in clear cell RCC seen in the VHL, PBRM1, BAP1, and SETD2 genes. Among these, BAP1 mutations are associated with a

Basic evidence of molecular targeted therapy for oral cancer and salivary gland cancer.

BACKGROUND: Recently, attention has been focused on molecular targeted cancer therapy in various tumors. Although there is no single consist … mma ligands may be useful for molecular targeting of oral cancer. Finally, the possibility of using molecular targeted therapy directed at hormone receptors in the treatment of advanced SGCs was described. CONCLUSION: The basic data strongly suggested the possibility of tumor suppression by targeting these molecules. Studies of different targeted agents alone or with more …

Genetic Therapy and Molecular Targeted Therapy in Oncology: Safety, Pharmacovigilance, and Perspectives for Research and Clinical Practice.

The impressive advances in the knowledge of biomarkers and molecular targets has enabled significant progress in drug therapy for crucial diseases such as cancer. Specific areas of pharmacology have contributed to these therapeutic outcomes-mainly targeted therapy, immunomodulatory therapy, and gene therapy. This review focuses on the pharmacological profiles of these therapeutic classes and intends, on the one hand, to provide a systematic definition and, on the other, to highlight some aspects related to pharmacovigilance, namely the monitoring of safety and the identification of potential t

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… Molecular targeted therapy (MeSH unique ID: D058990; year introduced: 2011), also often referred to as target therapy. … Progress in cancer chemiotherapy with special stress on molecular-targeted therapy. Pjn. J. Clin. Oncol. 2010;40:855–862. doi: 10.1093/jjco/hyq035. 60. Mendelsohn J., Baselga J. Epidermical growth factor receptor targeting in cancer. Sem. …

Advances in KRASG12D-targeted therapy: from small-molecule inhibitors to PROTACs and molecular glues.

KRAS gene mutations represent one of the most common drivers of human cancers, with particularly high prevalence in pancreatic, lung, and colorectal cancers. Among these, the KRASG12D mutation has long been considered an "undruggable" target because of its unique structural characteristics. This article systematically reviews the biological characteristics and oncogenic mechanisms of the KRASG12D mutation. It highlights its key roles in metabolic reprogramming and shaping the tumor immune microenvironment. The mechanisms by which KRASG12D promotes tumor initiation and progression through activ

Self-Assembled Nanomaterials for ER-Targeted Cancer Therapy: From Molecular Design to Therapeutic Applications.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is essential for protein folding, lipid metabolism, calcium homeostasis, and cellular stress signaling. Cancer cells endure chronic ER stress from elevated metabolic demands and oxidative conditions, adapting ER pathways to evade apoptosis, while promoting growth, survival, and drug resistance. This dysregulated ER state presents a strategic therapeutic target. Self-assembled nanomaterials provide precise ER localization, significantly enhancing treatment efficacy while reducing systemic toxicity. This review details recent advances in their design for ER-targete

Precision identification and targeted therapy for neutrophilic asthma: from molecular mechanisms to clinical translation.

Neutrophilic asthma represents a distinct inflammatory phenotype characterized by sputum neutrophilia (≥61% neutrophils), glucocorticoid resistance, and more severe disease course compared to eosinophilic asthma. This review comprehensively examines the molecular mechanisms underlying neutrophilic asthma pathogenesis, focusing on the Th17/IL-17 axis, neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), and NLRP3 inflammasome activation. We present a precision identification framework integrating molecular endotypes with clinical phenotypes and biomarker profiles to guide therapeutic decisions. Unlike eosino

The dual role of VDAC in cancer: Molecular mechanisms and advances in targeted therapy.

The voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) family proteins can be subdivided into three isoforms: VDAC1, VDAC2, and VDAC3. As core channels of the mitochondrial outer membrane, these proteins exhibit paradoxical regulatory roles in cancer development. This review systematically summarizes their structural and functional characteristics, as well as the contradictory mechanisms in tumorigenesis and progression.On the one hand, VDAC1 mediates channel closure by binding to the C-terminal tails (CTTs) of tubulins, enhances glycolysis through interaction with hexokinase to promote aerobic glycolysis

PSMA targeted Therapy: From molecular mechanisms to clinical breakthroughs in castration-resistant prostate cancer.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent malignancies among men worldwide and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in this population. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is initially effective, most patients eventually progress to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), a stage characterized by aggressive disease behavior and limited treatment options. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has emerged as a pivotal biomarker in PCa pathogenesis, with its overexpression in malignant cells providing a compelling target for both diagnostic imaging a

Endothelial Glycocalyx Injury in SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Targeted Therapy.

This review aims at summarizing state-of-the-art knowledge on glycocalyx and SARS-CoV-2. The endothelial glycocalyx is a dynamic grid overlying the surface of the endothelial cell (EC) lumen and consists of membrane-bound proteoglycans and glycoproteins. The role of glycocalyx has been determined in the regulation of EC permeability, adhesion, and coagulation. SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus belonging to β-coronavirus that causes the outbreak and the pandemic of COVID-19. Through the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 enters blood circulation and interacts with ECs possessing

Molecular profiling of angiogenesis with targeted ultrasound imaging: early assessment of antiangiogenic therapy effects.

Molecular ultrasound is capable of elucidating the expression of angiogenic markers in vivo. However, the capability of the method for volumetric "multitarget quantification" and for the assessment of antiangiogenic therapy response has rather been investigated. Therefore, we generated cyanoacrylate microbubbles linked to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and alphavbeta3 integrin binding ligands and quantified their accumulation in squamous cell carcinoma xenografts (HaCaT-ras-A-5RT3) in mice with the quantitative volumetric ultrasound scanning technique, sensitive particl

Integrative Omics of Eosinophils in Asthma and COPD: Deciphering Molecular Signatures for Targeted Therapy.

Eosinophils are central effector and regulatory cells in asthma and eosinophilic respiratory disease, and a clinically relevant subset in a proportion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma-COPD overlap. While eosinophil counts are established biomarkers to guide corticosteroid and biologic therapy, they do not capture the molecular heterogeneity of eosinophil activation across these conditions. Advances in integrative omics now permit comprehensive profiling of eosinophils at the transcriptomic, proteomic, and lipidomic levels. In this narrative review we sum

Targeted Glioma Therapy via TMVP1 Peptide-Modified FLT4 Liposomes: A Novel Molecular Probe Strategy.

INTRODUCTION: Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor in the brain, characterized by rapid growth, strong invasiveness, and unclear lesion boundaries. Current drug treatments have the problems of weak targeting and poor therapeutic effect. TMVP1 is a tumor-targeting peptide that specifically binds to FLT4, a receptor involved in glioma angiogenesis. Its high affinity and selectivity for FLT4 make it an ideal candidate for targeted drug delivery. By functionalizing TMZ-loaded liposomes with TMVP1 (TMZ@Lip-TMVP1), we aimed to enhance glioma-specific targeting and therapeutic efficacy.

Innovative Approaches for Molecular Targeted Therapy of Breast Cancer: Interfering with Various Pathway Signaling.

Breast cancer encompasses a diverse array of conditions classified as hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive, and triple-negative breast cancer subtypes, dictating treatment approaches. The therapeutic strategies commonly involve addressing estrogen receptors (ER) and HER2, which have exhibited efficacy in managing cancer. Nevertheless, the prevalence of resistance to these therapies, whether inherent or acquired, persists despite the introduction of novel treatment modalities. Progress in comprehending the biology of tumors has facilitated the identificat

MAFLD-related hepatocellular carcinoma: Exploring the potent combination of immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common cause of cancer-related mortality and morbidity globally, and with the prevalence of metabolic-re … d to produce synergistic effects. In this review, we will discuss the progress of immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy in MAFLD-HCC and look forward to the opportunities and challenges of the combination therapy.

Decade of molecular targeted therapy: abdominal manifestations of drug toxicities--what radiologists should know.

OBJECTIVE: Novel drugs targeting molecular pathways involved in tumor development have revolutionized cancer treatment. Radiologists often focus on therapeutic response when evaluating cancer patients and may miss important signs of drug toxicity. This article familiarizes radiologists with the complications of molecular targeted agents in abdominal solid organs, enabling early identification and appropriate intervention and thus reducing patient morbidity and mortality. CONCLUSION: Knowledge of the common abdominal toxicities--including hepatitis, cholecystitis, pancreatitis, fluid retention