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Studies on Plasmodium falciparum parasitemia and development of anemia in Nigerian infants during their first year of life.

Bimonthly surveys were carried out for 12 months to investigate the dynamics of the acquisition of malaria parasitemia in relation to hemoglobin genotype, development of anemia, and body weight in infants during their first year of life. Thick blood smears for malaria, a capillary blood sample for measurement of packed cell volume (PCV) levels, and body weights were obtained at each survey. Generally, parasite rates (P < 0.001) and mean parasite densities (P < 0.025) increased with age. With a few exceptions, parasite rates and densities were similar in infants with hemoglobin AA and AS during…

Antigenic analysis by agglutination of Trypanosoma brucei brucei parasitemias initiated in mice with in vitro-produced metacyclics.

Trypanosomes from 14 first-peak parasitemias initiated in mice by injection of in vitro-produced metacyclics were stabilated. Strains derived from these stabilates were analyzed for their antigenic composition by cross-agglutination with immune sera produced in rabbits against 12 of the stabilates. The antigenic composition of the 14 stabilates was compared also with two first-peak parasitemias from mice inoculated with fly-derived metacyclics, the variant-specific antigen of the strain used to initiate the cultures that ultimately became infective, and the antigenic variant that was used to i…

Therapeutic Potential of 3D-Printed Nifurtimox for Chagas Disease: Effects on Survival, Parasitemia Control and Immune Modulation.

OBJECTIVE: The Trypanosoma cruzi immunopathology is sustained by a progressive inflammatory process triggered by parasite antigens, resultin … mox (conventional or 3D) at doses of 25, 50 or 100 mg/kg or benznidazole 100 mg/kg. Survival rates, parasitemia and inflammatory profiles in cardiac and skeletal muscles were assessed through quantification of cytokines TNF, IL-6, CCL2 and IL-10. RESULTS: 3D nifurtimox at 50 and 100 mg/kg showed more efficacy in controlling blood parasites in mice surviving …

TFinder App: Artificial intelligence to diagnose tick fever agents and assess parasitemia/bacteremia in bovine blood smears.

Due to the importance of diagnosing tick fever (TF) agents and their parasitemia in the field to provide appropriate treatment, the objective of this study was to develop an application capable of detecting the presence or absence of these hemopathogens and calculating parasitemia/bacteremia. Therefore, to create the TFinder app, blood smears from the tip of the tail of cattle naturally infected with TF were prepared to train the artificial neural network (ANN) for Anaplasma marginale and Babesia spp. The ANN was trained with images from different microscope fields and angles. For the validati…

Lycopene supplementation promoted increased survival and decreased parasitemia in mice with severe malaria: comparison with N-acetylcysteine.

Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of malaria, causing anemia, respiratory complications, and cerebral malaria. To mitigate oxidative stress, we investigated the effect of nutritional supplementation whit lycopene (LYC) on the evolution of parasitemia and survival rate in mice infected with Plasmodium berghei ANKA (Pb), comparing to the effects promoted by N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Therefore, 175 mice were randomly distributed into 4 groups; Sham: untreated and uninfected animals; Pb: animals infected with Pb; LYC+Pb: animals treated with LYC and infected with Pb; NAC+Pb: animals t…

IL-18 and IL-18 binding protein are related to disease severity and parasitemia during falciparum malaria.

BACKGROUND: Several inflammatory molecules participate in the immune response to malaria. Interleukin (IL)-18 is an inflammatory cytokine ac … malaria group as a whole, both IL-18 and IL-18bp were positively correlated with disease severity, parasitemia, and endothelial cell activation as assessed by vWF in plasma. (iii) Whereas there was no change in IL-18 levels in malaria patients co-infected with HIV during follow-up, the patients with malaria only had slightly increased IL-18 levels. Further, …

Malaria Parasitemia in Febrile Patients Mono- and Coinfected with Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Attending Sanja Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

BACKGROUND: Malaria is a life-threatening disease associated with high morbidity and mortality. Helminths are among the most widespread infectious agents prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the developing world. Malaria and soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STHs) are coendemic and major public health problems in Ethiopia. The effects of helminth coinfection on malaria parasitemia remained poorly understood. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess malaria parasitemia among malaria-monoinfected and malaria-soil-transmitted helminthiasis-coinfected febrile patients attendi…

Reduced risk of placental parasitemia associated with complement fixation on Plasmodium falciparum by antibodies among pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of malaria in pregnancy (MiP) involves accumulation of P. falciparum-infected red blood cells (pRBCs) in the pl … placental receptor, chondroitin sulfate A (CSA), and associations with protection against placental parasitemia. RESULTS: Some women acquired antibodies that effectively promoted complement fixation on placental-binding pRBCs. Complement fixation correlated with IgG1 and IgG3 antibodies, which dominated the response. There was, however, limited evidence for …

Oral treatment with T6-loaded yeast cell wall particles reduces the parasitemia in murine visceral leishmaniasis model.

Yeast cell wall particles isolated from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (scYCWPs) have a rich constitution of β-glucan derived from the cell wall. After removing intracellular contents, β-glucan molecules are readily recognized by dectin-1 receptors, present on the cytoplasmic membrane surface of the mononuclear phagocytic cells and internalized. Leishmania spp. are obligate intracellular parasites; macrophages are its primary host cells. An experimental murine model of visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. infantum was used to evaluate the antileishmanial activity of oral administration of these parti

Experimental transfusion-induced Babesia microti infection: dynamics of parasitemia and immune responses in a rhesus macaque model.

BACKGROUND: Babesiosis is an emerging tick-borne infection in humans. The increasing numbers of reported cases of transfusion-associated babesiosis (TAB), primarily caused by Babesia microti, represents a concern for the safety of the US blood supply. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This study investigated kinetics of parasitemia and innate immune responses and dynamics of antibody responses during B. microti infection in rhesus macaques (RMs) using blood smears, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), flow cytometry, and indirect fluorescent antibody testing. A total of six monkeys were tra…

Effects of dietary selenium supplementation on parasitemia, anemia and serum proteins of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infected rats.

Trypanosomosis has been associated with immunosuppression, anemia and oxidative damage while selenium possesses both immunostimulatory and antioxidative effects. This study was designed to assess the effect of dietary selenium supplementation on parasitemia, anemia, survival pattern and serum protein profiles of trypanosome-infected rats. Twenty five rats, divided into five groups (A-E) of 5 each, were treated as follows: 4, 8 and 16 ppm (ppm) of selenium in their feed, respectively throughout the experimental period and were infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei on day 14 post supplementati…

Experimental infection with Rangelia vitalii in dogs: acute phase, parasitemia, biological cycle, clinical-pathological aspects and treatment.

Recently we conducted the molecular characterization of Rangelia vitalii, a protozoan with high pathogenicity for young dogs in southern Brazil. To date, the descriptions of the disease have been restricted to natural infection cases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the parasitemia, biological cycles and clinical-pathological findings in dogs experimentally infected with R. vitalii in the acute phase of disease, and also aimed to test a therapeutic protocol based on the diminazene aceturate. For this study, we used 12 young dogs (females), separated into two groups. Group A was compose…

babesiosis при ультранизком паразите, представляющем в качестве вторичного гемофагоцитического лимфохистиоцитоза у пациента на клеточной терапии B.

Бэбэзия микроти, паразит, передающийся клещами иксодов, может вызывать инфекции, начиная от асимптоматических и заканчивая болезненными, угрожающими жизни болезнями. Ocrelizumab, anti-CD20 Б-лимфоциты моноклональные антитела, используемые для лечения множественных склерозов, повышают риск серьезных или повторных инфекций патогенами, передаваемыми тиками. В редких случаях младециоз может вызвать гемофагоцитический лимфохистицитоз (HLH). КАСЕ КРАТКОЕ ИЗЛОЖЕНИЕ: Мы сообщаем о случае, когда педициоз проявляется в субакуте с вторичным HLH. 51-year-old Женщина с клеточной терапией B. Она представила

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Babesia microti, a parasite transmitted by the Ixodes scapularis tick, can cause infections ranging in presentation from asympto … detected Babesia microti, with subsequent confirmation by blood PCR and smear demonstrating <0.01% parasitemia. The patient improved following treatment with atovaquone and azithromycin, along with corticosteroids for HLH. CONCLUSION: This case highlights the heterogeneity of babesiosis and its potential to present with minimal parasitemia, yet severe syste …

The role of B-cells and IgM antibodies in parasitemia, anemia, and VSG switching in Trypanosoma brucei-infected mice.

African trypanosomes are extracellular parasitic protozoa, predominantly transmitted by the bite of the haematophagic tsetse fly. The main mechanism considered to mediate parasitemia control in a mammalian host is the continuous interaction between antibodies and the parasite surface, covered by variant-specific surface glycoproteins. Early experimental studies have shown that B-cell responses can be strongly protective but are limited by their VSG-specificity. We have used B-cell (microMT) and IgM-deficient (IgM(-/-)) mice to investigate the role of B-cells and IgM antibodies in parasitemia c…

Anti-Trypanosoma brucei activity in Cape buffalo serum during the cryptic phase of parasitemia is mediated by antibodies.

Cape buffalo are reservoir hosts of African trypanosomes. They rapidly suppress population growth of the highly antigenically variable extracellular haemoprotozoa and subsequently maintain a cryptic infection. Here we use in vitro cultures of trypanosomes cloned from Cape buffalo blood during cryptic infection, as well as related and unrelated trypanosomes, to identify anti-trypanosome components present in cryptic-phase infection serum. Trypanosome clone-specific complement-dependent trypanolytic IgM and IgG arose after appearance of target trypanosomes during cryptic infection. Serum collect

Development of specific immunoglobulin Ga (IgGa) and IgGb antibodies correlates with control of parasitemia in Babesia equi Infection.

In this study, the kinetics of specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotypes were characterized in Babesia equi (Theileria equi)-infected horses. IgGa and IgGb developed during acute infection, whereas IgG(T) was detected only after resolution of acute parasitemia. The same IgG isotype profile induced during acute infection was obtained by equi merozoite antigen 1/saponin immunization.

The effect of macrophages on the erythrocyte oxidative damage and the pathogenesis of anemia in Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs with low parasitemia.

The role of macrophages in the erythrocyte membrane oxidative damage and the pathogenesis of anemia in Babesia gibsoni-infected dogs with low parasitemia were investigated. Macrophages derived from peripheral blood monocytes (PBM) from B. gibsoni-infected dogs produced significantly higher chemiluminescent responses, indicating the release of reactive oxygen intermediates, than those from non-infected dogs when the cells were subjected to non-specific stimulation with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and opsonized zymosan (OZ), or infected dog erythrocyte membranes opsonized with infected…

[Suppression of parasitemia in rodent filariasis (Litomosoides carinii) by immunization with BCG and microfilaria. I. Intracutaneous inoculation of BCG].

After intracutaneous inoculation of BCG and challenge by subcutaneous injection of infective larvae of Litomosoides carinii, the parasitaemia of the filarial infection in cotton rats remains significantly lower when BCG and larvae are applied in the region of the same popliteal and ileal lymph nodes. However, when the infective larvae are directed to other regional lymph nodes (Ln cubitales and axillares), the depression of microfilaraemia is missed. The worm load (recovery rate) and the expulsion of microfilariae by the adult worms are not influenced by the BCG inoculation. Obviously BCG stim

Recurrent parasitemias with artemisinin partial resistance mutations during the 2024 Ethiopia malaria resurgence: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Ethiopia experienced a marked resurgence of malaria in 2024. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are first-line treat … lly heterogeneous parasite populations. CONCLUSION: The current study documents cases of recurrent parasitemia caused by P. falciparum with K13 P441L during the malaria resurgence in the Oromia region. The detection of multiple independent resistance markers suggests ongoing drug pressure on first-line treatments. These findings underscore the need for stren …

Recurrent parasitemias with artemisinin partial resistance mutations during the 2024 Ethiopia malaria resurgence: a case series.

BACKGROUND: Ethiopia experienced a marked resurgence of malaria in 2024. Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are first-line treat … lly heterogeneous parasite populations. CONCLUSION: The current study documents cases of recurrent parasitemia caused by P. falciparum with K13 P441L during the malaria resurgence in Gelana district of the Oromia region, Ethiopia. The detection of multiple independent resistance markers suggests ongoing drug pressure on first-line treatments. These findings …