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Introduction of regioselective bacterial heme oxygenases into Arabidopsis hy1-1 supports the retrograde heme signaling hypothesis.

Heme is synthesized in the plastid and metabolized to phytochromobilin (PΦB) in 2 enzymatic steps: heme oxygenase (HO) and PΦB synthase (HY2 … l, low pigmentation, and genomes uncoupling (gun) phenotypes, indicating the assembly of functional phytochromes (PHYs), as well as supporting the retrograde heme signaling hypothesis. To dissect the heme signaling and PHY assembly, we introduced either of the 2 types of regioselective bacterial HOs that produce biliverdin IXα (BVIXα) or BVIXβ/δ into Arabidop …

Genome resequencing and transcriptome analysis reveal the molecular mechanism of albinism in Cordyceps militaris.

Light is an important regulator of most fungal life activities and transmits signals through certain photoreceptor proteins such as phytochromes and cryptochromes. However, the light response mechanism varies across different fungi. The WCC complex composed of white collar-1 (WC-1) and white collar-2 (WC-2) is considered to be the key factor regulating fungal albinism. The photoreceptor protein Vivid (VVD) is the negative regulator of the WCC complex. In this study, we discovered an albino mutant (Alb) generated by 60Co-γ-ray irradiation from Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris). This mutant sho…

Signal transduction controlling the blue- and red-light mediated gene expression of S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase in Pharbitis nil.

The signal transduction processes involved in the regulation of SAMDC gene expression by blue and red light were examined using pharmacological inhibitors of signalling pathways. Calcium and calmodulin positively regulated SAMDC gene expression in red light, whereas in blue light they regulated negatively. These results indicate that calcium homeostasis is involved in both red and blue light induction of SAMDC expression. Both signal transduction pathways also require new protein synthesis.

Low red/far-red ratios reduce Arabidopsis resistance to Botrytis cinerea and jasmonate responses via a COI1-JAZ10-dependent, salicylic acid-independent mechanism.

Light is an important modulator of plant immune responses. Here, we show that inactivation of the photoreceptor phytochrome B (phyB) by a low red/far-red ratio (R:FR), which is a signal of competition in plant canopies, down-regulates the expression of defense markers induced by the necrotrophic fungus Botrytis cinerea, including the genes that encode the transcription factor ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTOR1 (ERF1) and the plant defensin PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 (PDF1.2). This effect of low R:FR correlated with a reduced sensitivity to jasmonate (JA), thus resembling the antagonistic effects of salicylic ac…

Red light delays petal discoloration in Brunfelsia acuminata by regulating anthocyanin biosynthetic genes.

Brunfelsia acuminata (Pohl) Benth. exhibits a distinctive post-anthesis transition in flower color from purple to white, which is closely as … nd UGT relative to blue and fluorescent light. These results suggest that red light, likely through phytochrome-mediated signaling, delays petal fading by maintaining anthocyanin biosynthetic and glycosylation capacity, thereby enhancing pigment stability, whereas blue light, likely associated with cryptochrome-related signaling and greater photochemical stre …

Metabolic Profile and Performance Responses of Ranunculus asiaticus L. Hybrids as Affected by Light Quality of Photoperiodic Lighting.

Ranunculus asiaticus is a quantitative long day plant grown for cut flowers and flowering potted plants production. We evaluated the influence of light spectrum of three light sources for end-of-day photoperiodic treatments, with different phytochrome photoequilibria (PPE) induced at plant level, on the metabolic profiling of two hybrids of R. asiaticus L., MBO and MDR, in plants from vernalized tuberous roots. The following treatments were compared with natural day length (NL): white fluorescence lamp (FL, PPE 0.84), light emitting diodes (LEDs) Red:Far Red light at 3:1 ratio (R:FR 3:1, PPE 0…

Cross talk between plant photoreceptor signaling and chloroplast signaling: implications for physiological regulation.

This review focuses on the bidirectional integrated network formed by light signaling and photosynthesis, providing insights for research ai … s and molecular mechanisms that define photoreceptor signaling over the past two decades, including phytochromes, cryptochromes, and downstream factors such as COP1, PIFs, and HY5. A central focus of this review is the bidirectional interaction mechanism between photoreceptor signaling and chloroplast function. In this context, bidirectional regulation refers …

Photosensory mechanisms in the lettuce seedling hypocotyl.

A number of differences in the responses of 'Great Lakes' lettuce seedlings to blue and far-red light indicate that more than one photo-sens … ted by a single pigment system and that a distinct blue-sensitive pigment is present in addition to phytochrome. Red light has a number of different effects depending on conditions: (1) a pretreatment with red light almost completely prevents the inhibitory effect of a subsequent far-red irradiation, (2) a brief terminal treatment with red increases the inhib …

RNA-seq analysis reveals the role of red light in resistance against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 in tomato plants.

BACKGROUND: Plants attenuate their responses to a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens, leading to higher incidences of pathogen infect … eq analysis revealed that red light induced a set of circadian rhythm-related genes involved in the phytochrome and SA-regulated resistance response. The biosynthesis and signalling pathways of multiple plant hormones (auxin, SA, jasmonate, and ethylene) were co-ordinately regulated following Pto DC3000 infection and red light, and the SA pathway was most sig …

Multi-locus genome-wide association analysis of grain yield, plant height, panicle length, and flowering time in the Senegalese pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] germplasm.

Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is a staple cereal underpinning food and nutritional security across the semi-arid Sahel, yet … ociated with a single chromosome-2 locus implicated in auxin homeostasis, on the same chromosome as PHYTOCHROME C (PHYC), a principal flowering-time determinant in the crop. Together, these associations provide candidate targets for marker-assisted and genomic selection and offer a foundation for genomics-assisted pearl millet improvement in Senegal and the b …

Plant RNA interference from antiviral silencing to multiplex trait engineering for climate-resilient crops.

RNA interference (RNAi) in plants has evolved from an unexplained antiviral and transgene interference phenomenon into a general regulatory … ne families, uncover compensatory network responses, and perturb upstream regulatory nodes, such as phytochrome RNAi in cotton, where partial suppression simultaneously improves several negatively correlated traits. Most recently, host-induced silencing, spray-induced dsRNA, nanocarrier delivery, and CRISPR-associated RNA tools have repositioned RNAi as a ver …

A pair of light signaling factors FHY3 and FAR1 regulates plant immunity by modulating chlorophyll biosynthesis.

Light and chloroplast function is known to affect the plant immune response; however, the underlying mechanism remains elusive. We previously demonstrated that two light signaling factors, FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 3 (FHY3) and FAR-RED IMPAIRED RESPONSE 1 (FAR1), regulate chlorophyll biosynthesis and seedling growth via controlling HEMB1 expression in Arabidopsis thaliana. In this study, we reveal that FHY3 and FAR1 are involved in modulating plant immunity. We showed that the fhy3 far1 double null mutant displayed high levels of reactive oxygen species and salicylic acid (SA) and increased

Dual impact of elevated temperature on plant defence and bacterial virulence in Arabidopsis.

Environmental conditions profoundly affect plant disease development; however, the underlying molecular bases are not well understood. Here we show that elevated temperature significantly increases the susceptibility of Arabidopsis to Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato (Pst) DC3000 independently of the phyB/PIF thermosensing pathway. Instead, elevated temperature promotes translocation of bacterial effector proteins into plant cells and causes a loss of ICS1-mediated salicylic acid (SA) biosynthesis. Global transcriptome analysis reveals a major temperature-sensitive node of SA signalling, impact

Applications of synthetic biology in medical and pharmaceutical fields.

Synthetic biology aims to design or assemble existing bioparts or bio-components for useful bioproperties. During the past decades, progresses have been made to build delicate biocircuits, standardized biological building blocks and to develop various genomic/metabolic engineering tools and approaches. Medical and pharmaceutical demands have also pushed the development of synthetic biology, including integration of heterologous pathways into designer cells to efficiently produce medical agents, enhanced yields of natural products in cell growth media to equal or higher than that of the extract

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… miniaturized Δphytochrome A (ΔPhyA)-based photoswitch (REDMAP) system | Small and highly sensitive light-inducible switch in mammalian cells | HEK-293 cells | The PhyA interaction domain FHY1 is fused to the VP64 to create a light-dependent transactivator (FHY1-VP64), the DNA-binding domain Gal4 is fused to phytochrome … expressions are realized. 177 Near-infrared (NIR) light-responsible gene circuits are feasible for in vivo therapeutical applications for their better transmission of NIR light able to penetrate tissues and lower toxicity. 178 NIR-sensing protein is identified in plants and bacteria, like the bacterial phytochromes …

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells as Living Therapeutics Targeting Senescence and Age-Related Diseases.

The aging of the global population exacerbates the burden of age-related diseases; however, therapies that can intervene in fundamental aging processes are lacking. Senescent cells drive chronic inflammation and multitissue dysfunction through the secretion of proinflammatory and profibrotic senescence-associated secretory phenotype cells, making them emerging therapeutic targets. Although first-generation senolytic drugs have entered clinical trials, they face limitations such as insufficient targeting specificity and transient efficacy. The success of chimeric antigen receptor T cell (CAR T

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… Concurrently, researchers developed a red light/far-red light-regulated single-cell encapsulation system utilizing the plant-derived photoreceptor truncated phytochrome A–phycocyanobilin (ΔPhyA-PCB) to achieve bidirectional reversible switching of gene expression: 660-nm red light induces heterodimerization …

Recent Review on Biological Barriers and Host-Material Interfaces in Precision Drug Delivery: Advancement in Biomaterial Engineering for Better Treatment Therapies.

Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that precision therapy has a broad variety of treatment applications, making it an interesting research topic with exciting potential in numerous sectors. However, major obstacles, such as inefficient and unsafe delivery systems and severe side effects, have impeded the widespread use of precision medicine. The purpose of drug delivery systems (DDSs) is to regulate the time and place of drug release and action. They aid in enhancing the equilibrium between medicinal efficacy on target and hazardous side effects off target. One promising approa

Взаимодействие с Мозгом: Как нанотехнология может способствовать.

Соединение искусственных устройств с человеческим мозгом является главной целью нейротехнологий. Однако наше воображение часто ограничивается существующими парадигмами и технологиями. Со временем, наряду с имеющейся технологией, изменились предложения в отношении интерфейсов мозга и автомата. Механические рычаги и кабельные лебедки использовались для перемещения частей мозга в механическую эпоху. Сложное электронное проводка и дистанционное управление возникли в эпоху электронной связи, что в конечном счете привело к созданию компьютерных интерфейсов. Тем не менее, наши мозги настолько сложны,

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