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ALG6 orchestrates coronavirus replication via the endoplasmic reticulum stress-autophagy axis.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) constitute a major global health threat, and their replication is inseparable from host factors. Investigating host-virus interactions is critical for elucidating the CoV life cycle. Here, we identify alpha-1,3-glucosyltransferase (ALG6) as an essential host factor for CoV replication. Mechanistically, its catalytic activity governs transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) replication, and ALG6 knockout (KO) inhibits viral entry by downregulating the receptor aminopeptidase N (ANPEP). Moreover, our results indicate that ALG6 KO triggers endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress,…

SADS-CoV Nsp1 hijacks proteasomal subunits to degrade IRF1.

Swine Acute Diarrhea Syndrome Coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is an emerging porcine enteric coronavirus that causes severe diarrhea in piglets. Type … ed in SADS-CoV Nsp1-induced IRF1 degradation. Similarly, Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus (PEDV) and Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus (TGEV) Nsp1 exhibit similar functions, highlighting the conserved role of coronavirus Nsp1 in immune evasion. Collectively, our findings uncover a new mechanism where SADS-CoV Nsp1 exploits the proteasome to degrade IRF1, countering IFN-III response …

Effective preparation and immunogenicity analysis of antigenic proteins for prevention of porcine enteropathogenic coronaviruses PEDV/TGEV/PDCoV.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV) cause highly contagious gastrointestinal damage to piglets with high coinfection in clinical. However, there is no available trivalent vaccine against the three viruses. Here, a trivalent subunit vaccine by combining PEDV-SCOE, TGEV-SAD, and PDCoV-RBD proteins with ISA 201 adjuvant was effectively prepared, and the immunogenicity was evaluated. The detection results showed that the vaccine induced specific humoral IgG, neutralizing antibodies, and increased levels of Th1 and …

Diversity for endoribonuclease nsp15-mediated regulation of alpha-coronavirus propagation and virulence.

Understanding the role of the endoribonuclease non-structural protein 15 (nsp15) (EndoU) in coronavirus (CoV) infection and pathogenesis is essential for vaccine target discovery. Whether the EndoU activity of CoV nsp15, as a virulence-related protein, has a diverse effect on viral virulence needs to be further explored. Here, we found that the transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) nsp15 proteins antagonize SeV-induced interferon-β (IFN-β) production in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. Interestingly, compared with wild-type infection, infect…

Preparation and characterization of polyclonal antibody against severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus spike protein.

A truncated gene (designated S1) encoding the receptor-binding domain (RBD) in the spike (S) protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome-as … A indicated that the antibody against SARS-CoV S1 protein had no cross reaction with S1 proteins of transmissible gastroenteritis virus, a porcine coronavirus, and infectious bronchitis virus, an avian coronavirus. The SARS-CoV S1 protein and its antibody are valuable reagents for related studies.

Comparison of vesicular stomatitis virus pseudotyped with the S proteins from a porcine and a human coronavirus.

The surface proteins S of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) were compared for their ability to mediate infection of viral pseudotypes based on vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). The cell tropism of the respective pseudotypes corresponded to the tropism of the viruses from which the S protein was derived. Higher infectivity values were obtained with the SARS-CoV S protein than with the TGEV S protein. Differences were observed with respect to the importance of the cytoplasmic tail and the membrane anchor of the S proteins. In …

Prevalence of swine viral and bacterial pathogens in rodents and stray cats captured around pig farms in Korea.

In 2008, 102 rodents and 24 stray cats from the areas around 9 pig farms in northeast South Korea were used to determine the prevalence of the following selected swine pathogens: ten viral pathogens [porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), rotavirus, classical swine fever virus (CSFV), porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine parvovirus (PPV), pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV)] and four bacterial pathogens (Brucella, Leptospir…

Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors block proliferation of TGEV mainly through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways.

Emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) primarily cause severe gastroenteric or respiratory diseases in humans and animals, and no approved therapeutics are currently available. Here, A9, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (RTKI) of the tyrphostin class, is identified as a robust inhibitor of transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) infection in cell-based assays. Moreover, A9 exhibited potent antiviral activity against the replication of various CoVs, including murine hepatitis virus (MHV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV). We further performed a…

Establishment of a blocking ELISA for assessing neutralizing antibody levels against porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

A highly specific blocking ELISA was developed for serological diagnosis of porcine epidemic diarrhea (PED) using monoclonal antibodies (mAb … Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), Porcine rotavirus (PoRV), and Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and exhibited good reproducibility, with intra- and inter-batch coefficients of variation below 10%. Compared with the virus neutralization test, the blocking ELISA demonstrated higher sensitivity. Results from the two methods showed a stron …

Design and synthesis of APN and 3CLpro dual-target inhibitors based on STSBPT with anticoronavirus activity.

Coronaviruses (CoVs) have continuously posed a threat to human and animal health. However, existing antiviral drugs are still insufficient i … ffect against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 pseudovirus, porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, transmissible gastroenteritis virus, feline infectious peritonitis virus and mouse hepatitis virus. Furthermore, the drug-binding domains of these proteins were found to be structurally similar based on the STSBPT strategy. The compounds screened and designed based on this region were …

Luteolin exhibits broad-spectrum antiviral activity against swine enteric coronaviruses by targeting 3CLpro.

Swine enteric coronaviruses (SECoVs), including porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), pose a major threat to global swine production, with current control measures remaining suboptimal. These infections are often characterized by mixed infections, highlighting the urgent need for anti-SECoV drugs. This study elucidates the potential of luteolin as a broad-spectrum antiviral agent targeting the 3 C like protease (3CLpro). Molecular docking and dynamics simulations indicated a stable and high-affinity interaction…

PF-00835231 broadly inhibits swine Alpha-coronavirus, including emerging SADS-CoV.

Swine Alpha-coronaviruses are one of the most destructive pathogens affecting the swine industries across the world. Swine Alpha-coronaviruses include transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus, porcine respiratory coronavirus, and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). Thus far, swine Alpha-coronaviruses treatment options are very limited. Therefore, the identification of safe and effective treatment of swine Alpha-coronaviruses is urgently needed. In the current study, we screened a library of 240 FDA-approved compounds for antiviral activity a…

TGEV infection activates pro‑inflammatory signaling via the YY1/HSP40/NF‑κB pathway in intestinal epithelial cells and organoids.

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a porcine enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes severe intestinal inflammation and diarrhea in pigs, leading to substantial economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. Inflammation is a major cause of death in pigs infected with TGEV. However, the role of host-mediated inflammatory responses in TGEV pathogenesis remains poorly understood. Here, we report for the first time that the heat shock protein HSP40 (DNAJB6) is highly expressed in the jejunum and ileum of Wuzhishan pigs during TGEV infection, and that its transcription is activated b…

Etiological role of viruses in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in The Netherlands from 1994 through 2005.

Acute gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases worldwide. In developed countries, viruses, particularly noroviruses, are recognized as the leading cause. In The Netherlands, the surveillance of gastroenteritis outbreaks with suspected viral etiologies (as determined by Kaplan criteria) was established by the National Institute for Public Health and the Environment in 1994. This paper presents an overview of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks reported from 1994 through 2005. A minimum epidemiological data set consisting of the associated setting(s), the probable transmission mode, the da

Establishment of a nanoparticle-assisted RT-PCR assay to distinguish field strains and attenuated strains of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus.

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) can cause serious disease and even death in neonatal piglets, resulting in serious damage to the swin … ), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), porcine rotavirus (RV), and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The nanoparticle-assisted RT-PCR assay we describe here can be used to distinguish field strains from vaccine strains of PEDV, and it shows promise for reducing economic loss due to PEDV infection.

Isolation and Characterization of a Porcine Transmissible Gastroenteritis Coronavirus in Northeast China.

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) is a coronavirus (CoV) that is a major pathogenity of viral enteritis and diarrhea in suckling piglets, causing high morbidity and mortality. In this study, a TGEV strain HQ2016 was isolated from northeast China and characterized its genome sequence and pathogenicity. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that the TGEV HQ2016 strain was more similar to the TGEV Purdue cluster than to the Miller cluster. Both recombination and phylogenetic analysis based on each structural and non-structural gene revealed no recombination event in the HQ2016 strain. Expe…

Множественные ПЦР и мультиплекс RT-PCR для инклюзивного обнаружения основных свиных ДНК и вирусов РНК у свиней с множественными инфекциями.

Для выявления девяти вирусов у свиней с множественными инфекциями были разработаны мультиплексные PCR и RT-PCR. К этим вирусам относятся: свиный цирковирус типа 2 (PCV2), специфический герпесвирус 1, свиный парвовирус (PPV), свиный вирус репродуктивного и дыхательного синдрома (PRRSV), японский энцефалитный вирус, свиный ротавирус A (PORV-A), свиный эпидемический диарейный вирус (PEDV), трансмиссивный гастроэнтерит (TGEV) и вирус Геты. Эти методы были продемонстрированы высокой специфичностью и деликатностью. В ходе клинического применения в общей сложности 75 полевых проб были изучены с помощ

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiplex PCR and multiplex RT-PCR were developed to identify nine viruses in pigs with multiple infections. These viruses are: porcine circ … Japanese encephalitis virus, porcine rotavirus A (PoRV-A), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and Getah virus. These methods were shown to be high specificity and sensitivity. In the clinical application, a total of 75 field samples were examined by our methods and previously reported methods for PCV2, PRRSV, TGEV, and PEDV. As a res …

Molecular epidemiology of human enteric caliciviruses in The Netherlands.

Caliciviruses are among the most common causes of gastroenteritis in people of all age groups. These antigenetically and genetically diverse viruses have been grouped into two genera within the family Caliciviridae, designated Norwalk-like viruses (NLV) and Sapporo-like viruses (SLV). To gain more insight in their epidemiology, we have developed a tentative genotyping scheme, which was used to differentiate the viruses detected in a set of epidemiological studies. NLVs and SLVs were detected by generic RT-PCR in stool specimens from 5.1% and 2.4% of cases with acute gastroenteritis for which a

Advances research in porcine enteric coronavirus therapies and antiviral drugs.

The porcine enteric coronaviruses (PECs) currently reported include porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). In the absence of effective treatment, they can cause similar clinical characteristics including weight loss, sleepiness, vomiting, anorexia and fatal diarrhea in neonatal piglets, resulting in significant economic losses to the global pig industry. Although many studies on drugs for treating and combating PECs have been issued. There are still no specif…

Detection of Four Porcine Enteric Coronaviruses Using CRISPR-Cas12a Combined with Multiplex Reverse Transcriptase Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay.

Porcine enteric coronaviruses have caused immense economic losses to the global pig industry, and pose a potential risk for cross-species tr … AMP) was developed for the detection of four diarrhea CoVs: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), porcine deltacoronavirus (PDCoV), and swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV). With this strategy, we realized a visual colorimetric readout visible to the naked eye without specialized instrumentation by using a ROX-labeled sin …