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Тест на гель-прецимент для диагностики варицеллы.

Варицелла может быть трудно отличить клинически от оспы. Из - за этой трудности многие беспокоятся, когда случаи ветряной оспы неправильно диагностируются как оспы в районах, где оспа не эндемична. Наблюдение за оспой также сопряжено с трудностями в тех областях, где осуществляются программы искоренения. Был разработан гель-диффузионный тест, позволяющий обнаруживать антиген везикулярной жидкости варицелла-зостр (V-Z). Это простое испытание, которое может быть проведено в поле, выявило антиген V-Z в сосудистой жидкости во всех 14 случаях варицеллы или зостера, которые были подвергнуты испытани

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Varicella may be difficult to distinguish clinically from smallpox. Because of this difficulty, much anxiety has occurred when cases of chickenpox are misdiagnosed as smallpox in areas where smallpox is not endemic. Surveillance of smallpox has also been complicated in areas where eradication programmes are in progress. A gel-diffusion test has been develope…

Assessing the effectiveness of the varicella vaccine in primary and secondary school students in Qingdao, China: A matched case-control study.

OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of varicella vaccination strategies needs to be further evaluated. The vaccine effectiveness (VE) of the varicella vaccine was evaluated, and changes in VE of varicella vaccination in primary and secondary school students in Qingdao, China, over time were analyzed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a 1:3 matched case-control study, using data from the Chinese Information System for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Student Health Examination Management System, and Qingdao Immunization Program Information System. VE of the varicella vaccination was estimate

A population database analysis to describe the residual burden of varicella in Italy-a high vaccination coverage area-from 2004 to 2022.

INTRODUCTION: In Italy, universal varicella vaccination (VV) started in 2017 with a two-dose schedule administered in children aged 12-15 months and 5-6 years, achieving 90% coverage in 2019, though with regional variations. To address the limitations in surveillance databases for capturing varicella episodes, the study aimed to evaluate the burden of varicella disease in the pediatric population using a primary care database. METHODS: This cohort study used data from Pedianet, a comprehensive database of 193 family pediatricians in Italy. The incidence rate (IR) of varicella (International C

Varicella outbreak at nursery school under routine immunization in Japan in 2017 and 2018 and vaccine effectiveness.

BACKGROUND: In Japan, routine administration to one-year-old children of two-dose immunization for varicella was introduced in October 2014. Object The object of this study was to report outbreaks of varicella under routine immunization at a nursery school and in its surrounding area using data of surrounding areas from the (Nursery) School Absenteeism Surveillance System. Then, we measured the effectiveness of routine two-dose immunization for varicella to onset. We tentatively assessed its severity in a nursery school. METHOD: The study period extended from April 2017 through March 2018. Th

Seroprevalence of Varicella Zoster Virus in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia in Post-vaccination Era.

BACKGROUND: Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is a highly contagious virus causing two types of skin infections known as varicella and herpes zoster. Due to its high burden, vaccination is available in almost 42 counties worldwide including Saudi Arabia. Since its introduction, data on the impact of the vaccine from local and neighboring countries is lacking. OBJECTIVE: This study was done to determine the seroprevalence of anti VZV IgG and IgM antibodies in post-vaccination era fifteen years after varicella vaccine introduction in routine childhood vaccination schedules. METHODS: retrospective o

Impact of universal varicella vaccination on the use and cost of antibiotics and antivirals for varicella management in the United States.

BACKGROUND: Our objective was to estimate the impact of universal varicella vaccination (UVV) on the use and costs of antibiotics and antivirals for the management of varicella among children in the United States (US). METHODS: A decision tree model of varicella vaccination, infections and treatment decisions was developed. Results were extrapolated to the 2017 population of 73.5 million US children. Model parameters were populated from published sources. Treatment decisions were derived from a survey of health care professionals' recommendations. The base case modelled current vaccination co

Active circulation of varicella zoster virus among different age groups in Sudan.

In Sudan, data on varicella infections are lacking and the vaccine is currently not in use. The aim of this study was to investigate previous exposure to varicella zoster virus (VZV) among children and adults from the general population and among health-care workers (HCWs) in Khartoum. Dried blood spot samples collected between 2015 and 2016 from 294 children aged 1‒15 years, 153 adult volunteers and 241 HCWs were investigated for the presence of VZV IgG antibodies using ELISA. The overall seroprevalence of VZV IgG antibodies among the investigated cohorts was 50.4%, ranging between 14.3% in c

Correlation of protection against varicella in a randomized Phase III varicella-containing vaccine efficacy trial in healthy infants.

BACKGROUND: Varicella vaccination confers high and long-lasting protection against chickenpox and induces robust immune responses, but an absolute correlate of protection (CoP) against varicella has not been established. This study models the relationship between varicella humoral response and protection against varicella. METHODS: This was a post-hoc analysis of data from a Phase IIIb, multicenter, randomized trial (NCT00226499) conducted in ten varicella-endemic European countries. Healthy children aged 12-22 months were randomized 3:3:1 to receive one dose of measles-mumps-rubella and one …

A Centralized Outbreak of Varicella among Children Attending Preschool in Suzhou, China.

BACKGROUND: Varicella vaccine is available for voluntary purchase with a single dose currently recommended for children aged ≥12 months. An epidemiological study was undertaken in order to determine the characteristics of the outbreak, assess vaccine effectiveness, and examine risk factors for vaccine failure. METHODS: A varicella case was defined as a generalized papulovesicular rash (without other apparent causes) in a child without prior varicella attending the kindergarten during February 22 to April 7 of 2016. Varicella among vaccinated children (breakthrough varicella) was defined as va

Epidemiology of varicella and effectiveness of varicella vaccine in Hangzhou, China, 2019.

Background: The varicella vaccine (VarV) is not included in the national childhood immunization schedules in China, although 2-dose VarV (VarV2) were recommended for children at 1 and 4 years of age in Hangzhou since 2014. However, the reported incremental vaccine effectiveness (VE) of VarV2 varies widely among studies. We described the epidemiological characteristics of varicella in Hangzhou, assessed the VE of VarV, so as to provide scientific evidence on optimization and adjustment of immunization strategies for varicella prevention in China. Methods: All varicella cases diagnosed in a hosp

Uptrend prevalence of varicella parallel with low serum antibodies and low second-dose rate among children 10-14 years old in Wenzhou, China.

In recent years, the incidence of varicella cases is rising, and outbreaks of varicella are frequently being reported worldwide. Our study aims to analyze the association between the varicella incidence and serum antibody level in the post-vaccine era. We retrieved and analyzed the incidence and prevalence data for children age 1-14 years in Wenzhou, China during 2010-2018. A cross-sectional seroepidemiology analysis was carried out in a series of 168 general healthy children age 1-14 years as well as children at a varicella outbreak in Wenzhou. Our data showed a significant surge in the incid

Universal varicella vaccine immunization in Japan.

In 1974, Japanese scientists developed a live attenuated varicella vaccine based on the Oka strain. The efficacy of the vaccine for the prevention of varicella has been primarily demonstrated in studies conducted in the United States following the adoption of universal immunization using the Oka strain varicella vaccine in 1996. Although the vaccine was developed by Japanese scientists, until recently, the vaccine has been administered on a voluntary basis in Japan resulting in a vaccine coverage rate of approximately 40%. Therefore, Japan initiated universal immunization using the Oka strain

Laboratory investigations of vaccinated patients with varicella.

BACKGROUND: Accompanying varicella vaccination in children in Germany recommended with one (2004) and two (2009) doses, sentinel surveillance of varicella with a sample (n∼900) of private physicians was established in 2005. Physicians reported monthly aggregated data on all varicella cases and case-based on vaccinated patients, of whom skin lesion samples were laboratory investigated to identify varicella-zoster virus (VZV). We analyzed the impact of vaccination frequency on the number of cases and on laboratory results within the sentinel. METHODS: Swabs were obtained with a Teflon tip and s

Children with breakthrough varicella infection requiring hospitalization in Turkey (VARICOMP Study 2008-2013).

INTRODUCTION: Varicella in previously immunized individuals, known as "breakthrough varicella". While the majority of breakthrough cases are mild, some may be severe, requiring hospitalization in previously healthy children or children with an underlying condition. METHODS: This report, as a part of the prospective national pediatric varicella hospitalizations study (including 29 centers, represent 50% of pediatric population) in Turkey, is aimed to evaluate breakthrough varicella infection requiring hospitalization before the routine use of single-dose live varicella vaccine in national prog

Two-dose varicella vaccination coverage among children aged 7 years--six sentinel sites, United States, 2006-2012.

In 2007, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended a routine second dose of varicella vaccine for children at age 4-6 years, in addition to the first dose given at age 12-15 months. One strategy recommended for increasing varicella vaccination coverage is a school entry requirement of proof of varicella immunity. To determine the extent of implementation of the routine 2-dose varicella vaccination program, the number of states with a 2-dose varicella vaccination elementary school entry requirement in 2012 was compared with the number in 2007, and 2-dose varicella vacc

[Varicella-zoster virus and pregnancy].

The incidence of varicella is low in pregnant women, and estimated around 1/1000 pregnancies. Vaccination is the cornerstone of prevention, but is contraindicated during pregnancy. Varicella is more severe in pregnant women. The risk of viral pneumonia is not increased, but VZV-associated pneumonia is usually more severe in pregnant women. Infection between 0-20 WG is associated with a 2 % risk of congenital varicella syndrome. Infection between D-5 and D+2 of delivery is associated with high risk of severe neonatal infection. Non-immune pregnant women with significant exposure to VZV require