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Monodisperse PEG engineering for quantifiable surface conjugation on PLGA nanoparticles.

Surface PEGylation is a well-established strategy to enhance the stability, functionality, and bioavailability of nanoparticles (NPs) in bio … igher viability than the other NP formulations. Overall, this work highlights that monodisperse PEG engineering enables reproducible and quantitative surface modification of PLGA NPs. This approach offers a robust platform for the rational design of advanced polymeric nanocarriers, exemplified here for 19F MRI applications.

Engineering Strain-Stiffening Granular Hydrogels for 3D-Printed Tissue-Mimicry.

Biological tissues exhibit nonlinear strain-stiffening behavior with distinct toe (EToe) and heel (EHeel) moduli essential for load-bearing function. However, synthetic materials lack a unified strategy and mechanistic basis for independently tuning EToe and EHeel while maintaining high-fidelity 3D printability. Here, we introduce a 3D-printable strain-stiffening double-network granular hydrogel (SDGH) that enables region-specific control of EToe and EHeel through modulation of secondary-network monomer concentration and microgel packing density, respectively. We elucidate the mechanism of str

CRISPR in Alzheimer's Disease: Engineering Genetic Solutions for Neurodegenerative Resilience.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the primary etiology of dementia, remains a considerable challenge owing to the limited availability of pharmacological interventions that effectively modify the course of the disease. This review evaluates CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing as a therapeutic strategy for AD, focusing on its capacity to target genetic drivers (e.g., APP, APOE, PSEN1/2, CD2AP) and modify disease pathology. CRISPR offers unprecedented precision in disrupting AD-associated pathogenic alleles, addressing the limitations of conventional Aβ/tau-targeted therapies that have failed in clinical trials. C

Gradient engineering enabled thermoelectric performance optimization in LaP/LaAs heterostructures.

Within condensed matter physics and materials science, the synergistic effect of band engineering and phonon engineering can greatly enhance the thermoelectric performance of functional materials. In this study, we focus on the gradient engineering in a LaP/LaAs heterostructure and systematically investigate its structure, lattice dynamics, and thermoelectric properties through first-principles calculations. The interface modulation of the heterostructure changes the phonon dispersion curves, leading to the collective vibrational behavior of the low-frequency optical branches and their strong …

Extracellular Vesicles in Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Engineering.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale membrane-bound particles that mediate intercellular communication by transferring proteins, nucle … nd urine are critically assessed for biomarker applications. We further highlight advances in EV bioengineering, including cargo loading, surface modification, targeting strategies, and modulation of EV biogenesis. Finally, key translational challenges-such as EV heterogeneity, biodistribution, immune clearance, and standardization-are discussed to define fut …

Could sleep engineering be used to combat PTSD and depression?

Sleep engineering could be developed to provide a drug-free, non-invasive avenue to treat depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Such an intervention would be greatly aided by the sophisticated detection of memory reactivations using machine learning classifiers.

AI-driven cellular immunotherapy: transforming CAR-T engineering and translation.

Chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cell therapy has demonstrated remarkable success in hematologic malignancies but faces persistent challe … es such as machine learning, deep learning, and generative models are reshaping key stages of CAR-T engineering. We first discuss AI-assisted antigen discovery strategies that integrate multi-omics and clinical datasets to identify tumor-specific targets. We then examine AI-enabled engineering of antigen-recognition modules, including computational design and …

A critical review of microfluidic electroporation for therapeutic cell engineering.

Microfluidic electroporation (MFEP) is emerging as a scalable, non-viral modality for engineering therapeutic cells. This review synthesizes recent progress in MFEP, outlining the key advantages of MFEP, including continuous processing at high throughputs, single-cell manipulation and monitoring, electrolysis mitigation, and automation for rapid multi-parameter screening and minimized cell manufacturing complexity. We then survey the waveforms, pulses, and buffers used in MFEP. In doing so, we highlight the diversity of parameters and uncover the inconsistent reporting of outcomes, calling for…

Excitonic Engineering in 2D-SiC through Organic Donor-Acceptor Adsorption.

Controlling electronic excitations at molecule-semiconductor interfaces is key to designing hybrid optoelectronics. Using many-body perturbation theory, we study monolayer and bilayer SiC and their interfaces with four organic molecules bearing donor and/or acceptor substituents. Pristine monolayer SiC hosts strongly bound excitons with optical activity in the ultraviolet. Upon stable physisorption, new molecule-derived excitons emerge in the visible range. Through a detailed quantitative analysis of these excitons and the corresponding free-standing molecular excitations, we show that donor-a

Gentle yet powerful artificial muscles enabled by hierarchical structure engineering.

Developing artificial muscles with simultaneous high actuation performance and mild activation conditions is highly needed but still challen … -reversible, force-free cyclic actuation. Our work offers a viable route for multi-scale structural engineering toward high-performance soft actuators.

Mechanistic Studies of the Calcium-Dependent Antibiotics via Cofactor Engineering.

The defining feature of calcium-dependent antibiotics (CDAs) is that they require the presence of calcium cation (Ca(II)) as a cofactor to exert antibacterial activity. We recently showed that substituting two key aspartic acids (Asp) with serine (Ser) in laspartomycin C (LspC) converts it from a CDA into a boron-dependent antibiotic (BDA). This synthetic analog (termed B1) no longer depends on Ca(II) and requires only 10 μM of phenylboronic acid (PBA) to become fully active. Such a calcium-to-boron dependence conversion provides a new entry point to study the mechanistic details of the cofact

OR7A10 GPCR engineering boosts CAR-NK therapy against solid tumours.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-natural killer (NK) cell therapies hold promise for solid tumours but remain limited because of poor tumour infiltration, persistence and resistance in the tumour microenvironment1-4. Here, to identify gain-of-function targets that enhance CAR-NK cell efficacy, we performed an unbiased in vivo CRISPR activation screen followed by a barcoded targeted in vivo open reading frame screen in primary human CAR-NK cells. We identified and comprehensively validated OR7A10, a G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), as the top candidate. Engineering CAR-NK cells with OR7A10 cDN…

Heterogeneous Spheroid Engineering: Spatial Organization, Fabrication, and Tissue-Specific Design.

Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid models have emerged as advanced in vitro systems that overcome the limitations of conventional two-dimensional (2D) culture by better recapitulating native tissue architecture, cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions, and physiologically relevant gradients of oxygen, nutrients, and signaling factors, making them valuable platforms for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Realizing their full potential, however, requires rational control over cellular composition and spatial organization. In this review, we classify spheroids by cellular com…

Remote engineering of particle-like topologies to visualise entanglement dynamics.

Skyrmions are a particle-like topology with a quantized skyrmion number, realized across condensed matter and photonic platforms alike. In quantum photonics, they constitute an emerging resource, promising robust quantum information encoding, so far realized as single-photon and bi-photon entangled states. Here we report the first visualization of tripartite entanglement dynamics through topological structure using spin-skyrmion entangled states, where the topology of a single photon is remotely controlled through the spin of its entangled partner. We visualize our tripartite state theoretical

Nanoconfined Photothermal Catalysis: Mechanisms, Engineering Strategies, and Solar Fuel Synthesis.

Nanoconfined photothermal catalysis enables tackling energy transition and carbon neutrality by constructing precise micro/nanoconfined spac … ays, and synergistic coupling of photo-thermal-mass multi-field interactions. Second, we detail key engineering strategies for high-performance catalysis: precise construction of confinement architectures, rational integration of efficient photothermal components, atomic-scale engineering of catalytic sites, and multifunctional interface optimization. The tec …

A trichome-specific promoter for advanced bio-engineering in lavender.

The 1, 8-Cineole synthase promoter directs the specific expression of Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) in Lavandula latifolia glandular trichomes, and can help improve monoterpene metabolism in lavender through metabolic engineering. Lavender produces large amounts of a monoterpene-rich essential oil (EO) in glandular trichomes (GTs) present on its aerial parts. There is significant interest in improving EO quality and yield, and in using lavender GTs as bio-factories for mass-producing specialized metabolites, in particular terpenoids. Metabolic engineering is often carried out using constitut…

Polymorphic phase engineering of flat plasmons in a correlated oxide.

Plasmons with nearly dispersionless, long-lived behavior in momentum space have great potential for novel imaging techniques and nonlinear optics, due to their ability to generate localized plasmon wave packets and to enhance giant light fields in real space. However, flat plasmons typically manifest in low-dimensional systems that conventionally originate from intraband free electrons and are usually confined to restricted momentum regions (q < ∼0.7 Å-1), which limits their applications. Here, we report the emergence and polymorphic phase-engineering of flat plasmons in the strongly correlate…

Oncolytic myxoma virus and engineering strategies for advanced cancer immunotherapy.

In cancer immunotherapy, oncolytic viruses (OVs) offer an alternative approach to kill malignant cells by inducing cancer-specific host immune system activation. Given the ongoing need for safe and effective viral vectors for immunotherapy, non-zoonotic animal viruses have attracted significant interest. Here, we review the oncolytic myxoma virus (MYXV) and emphasize its emerging role in cancer immunotherapy. We critically discuss recent advances in cancer therapy using MYXV, primarily focused on engineered viral modifications. Furthermore, we briefly review alternative delivery strategies for

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… Introduction Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy is an alternative therapeutic approach that uses wild-type or genetically engineered viruses to treat cancer. … Viruses with moderate-sized genomes offer a balance between carrying capacity and ease of engineering. …

Silencing with precision: In silico strategies for antisense oligonucleotide engineering.

Therapeutics based on nucleic acids are emerging as a transformative drug class in the era of personalized medicine. They include antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), aptamers, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), small activating RNAs (saRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in addition to messenger RNAs (mRNAs). ASOs are short synthetic molecules of nucleic acids designed to bind to specific RNA molecules to allow for precise modulation of gene expression in a personalized medicine context. This review will summarize the state of the art in in silico tools and methods that

Promoter engineering in oleaginous yeasts for value-added chemical production.

Oleaginous yeasts, particularly Yarrowia lipolytica, are increasingly used as microbial platforms for producing lipids and other value-added compounds from renewable feedstocks. Their biotechnological utility derives from active lipid metabolism, broad substrate flexibility, and expanding engineering tools, but efficient production requires transcriptional programs that match changing metabolic states during fermentation. Because carbon flux is redistributed across growth, nutrient limitation, lipid accumulation, and production phases, static constitutive expression is often insufficient for o…