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Epidemic Response amidst Insecurity: Addressing the Ebola Virus Epidemic in the Provinces of North Kivu and Ituri.

This paper examines the impact of insecurity on the management of the Ebola virus disease epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo provinces of North Kivu and Ituri. In these provinces, insecurity has been one of the biggest obstacles in the response to the Ebola outbreak. When the epidemic began, these provinces were already insecure-creating unfavorable circumstances for implementing epidemic response activities. While the ninth epidemic in the Equateur province was brought under control in record time, the same was not true for the tenth epidemic in North Kivu and Ituri. Since the e

Вирулентность Enterovirus A71 Fluctuates В зависимости от филогенетического клеща, сформированного в Эпидемиологическом году и в эпидемической области.

Хотя эпидемии болезни рук, ног и ротовой полости (ГФМ) в результате энтеровируса A71 (EV-A71) имели место во всем мире, в Азиатско-Тихоокеанском регионе происходят многочисленные спорадические вспышки, сопровождающиеся многими серьезными неврологическими случаями. Это свидетельствует о том, что в каждой эпидемии вирулентность циркуляционных вирусов колеблется и что вспышки ГФМР, сопровождающиеся многими серьезными случаями, происходят в тех случаях, когда в основном циркулируют вирулентные вирусы, которые не проверялись на экспериментальной основе. Здесь мы проанализировали 32 клинически изоли

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Although epidemics of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) have occurred worldwide, the Asia-Pacific region has seen large sporadic outbreaks with many severe neurological cases. This suggests that the virulence of the circulating viruses fluctuates in each epidemic and that HFMD outbreaks with many severe cases occur when …

The Epidemic Failure Cycle hypothesis: Towards understanding the global community's recent failures in responding to an epidemic.

BACKGROUND: Within a few years, the global community has failed twice in responding to large viral infection outbreaks: the Ebola epidemic in 2014 and the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic in 2020. There is, however, no systematic approach or research available that analyses the repeated failures with regard to an adequate response to an epidemic. METHODS: For a better understanding of failing societal responses, we have analysed the available research literature on societal responses to epidemics and we propose a framework called the 'Epidemic Failure Cycle' (EFC). RESULTS: The EFC consists of four phase…

Can the 'Ending the HIV Epidemic' initiative transition the USA towards HIV/AIDS epidemic control?

: Using a dynamic HIV transmission model calibrated for six USA cities, we projected HIV incidence from 2020 to 2040 and estimated whether an established UNAIDS HIV epidemic control target could be met under ideal implementation of optimal combination strategies previously defined for each city. Four of six cities (Atlanta, Baltimore, New York City and Seattle) were projected to achieve epidemic control by 2040 and we identified differences in reaching epidemic control across racial/ethnic groups.

[Historical review of the epidemic situation, prevention and control of epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis during 1966 to 1967].

During the winter and spring of 1966 to 1967, the nationwide revolution networking not only exerted great pressure on food, housing and transportation, but also triggered the most serious nationwide epidemic cerebrospinal meningitis outbreak in history. The students of the revolution networking were the disseminators of the disease and the first group of patients. The unprecedented scale and scope of the epidemic, the destroyed medical and health order and other factors exacerbated the epidemic situation. Zhou Enlai restarted the " prevention and treatment by masses " mode to gradually control

Investigation of nosocomial pneumocystis infections: usefulness of longitudinal screening of epidemic and post-epidemic pneumocystis genotypes.

BACKGROUND: Twenty-five patients, of whom 22 were renal transplant recipients, developed Pneumocystis jirovecii infections at the nephrology department of Reims University Hospital (France) from September 2008 to October 2009, whereas only four sporadic cases had been diagnosed in this department over the 14 previous years. AIM: This outbreak was investigated by analysing patient encounters and P. jirovecii types. METHODS: A transmission map was drawn up. P. jirovecii typing at DHPS, ITS and mtLSU rRNA sequences was performed in the patients of the cluster (18 patients with Pneumocystis pneu

Unusual epidemic events: a new method of early orientation and differentiation between natural and deliberate epidemics.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a model for quick and accurate evaluation of unusual epidemic events (UEE), based on the original model of bioterrorism risk assessment. METHODS: A new scoring system was developed for quick differentiation between a biological attack and other epidemics, using eight qualitative and six quantitative indicators. RESULTS: A new scoring system was applied to three UEEs: (1) a spontaneous outbreak of a new or re-emerging disease ('swine flu'); (2) a spontaneous outbreak following accidental release of a pathogen (Sverdlovsk anthrax); and (3) a spontaneous natural outbreak o…

Syphilis epidemic in Slovenia influenced by syphilis epidemic in the Russian Federation and other newly independent states.

In 1994 an 18-fold increase in the annually reported incidence rate of early syphilis (to 1.81 cases per 100,000 total population) in comparison to the preceding year was observed in Slovenia. The reported incidence rates remained elevated for a period of five years. The possible link between the evolving syphilis epidemic in the Russian Federation and newly independent States (NIS) during the 1990s and the observed increases in the reported early syphilis incidence rates in Slovenia, was explored. Surveillance data obtained by mandatory reporting of all newly diagnosed syphilis cases between

What makes an epidemic a disaster: the future of epidemics within the EM-DAT International Disaster Database.

BACKGROUND: Reporting on and monitoring epidemics is a public health priority. Several initiatives and platforms provide epidemiological data, such as the EM-DAT International Disaster Database, which has 1525 epidemics and their impact reported since 1900, including 892 epidemics between 2000 and 2023. However, EM-DAT has inconsistent coverage and deficiencies regarding the systematic monitoring of epidemics data due to the lack of a standardized methodology to define what will be included under an epidemic disaster. METHODS: We conducted a sequential study that included an online survey of …

Improved dynamics of sharing research findings in the COVID-19 epidemic compared with the SARS and Ebola epidemics.

BACKGROUND: When a new or re-emergent pathogen, such as SARS-CoV-2, causes a major outbreak, rapid access to pertinent research findings is crucial for planning strategies and decision making. We researched whether the speed of sharing research results in the COVID-19 epidemic was higher than the SARS and Ebola epidemics. We also researched whether there is any difference in the most frequent topics investigated before and after the COVID-19, SARS, and Ebola epidemics started. METHODS: We used PubMed database search tools to determine the time-period it took for the number of articles to rise…

Epidemic character and environmental factors in epidemic areas of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome in Shandong Province.

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is an emerging lethal tick-borne disease that has been widely prevalent in East Asia in recent years, and raised an important public health problem in China. However, a comprehensive and thorough understanding of the current SFTS epidemic areas in Shandong Province is not available. Accordingly, a descriptive analysis was applied to explore the demographic and spatio-temporal features of SFTS cases in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2015. The division between epidemic areas and non-epidemic areas was given by maximum entropy niche model (MaxEnt

Zika epidemic and microcephaly in Brazil: Challenges for access to health care and promotion in three epidemic areas.

Since 2015 Brazil has experienced the social repercussions of the Zika virus epidemic, thus raising a debate about: difficulties of diagnosis; healthcare access for children with Zika Congenital Syndrome (ZCS); the search for benefits by affected families; social and gender inequalities; and a discussion on reproductive rights, among others. The objective of this article is to analyse access to specialized health services for the care of children born with ZCS in three North-eastern states of Brazil. This is an exploratory cross-sectional study which analyses recorded cases of microcephaly at

A new explanatory model of an SIR disease epidemic: a knowledge-based, probabilistic approach to epidemic analysis.

A new explanatory model for epidemic analysis is presented; it has a knowledge based component and a probabilistic computational component. The former assembles details of household characteristics, social networks and connectivity in the community--'knowledge'--which is used to determine the structure of the computational component. The latter links individuals and households through statistically-defined opportunities for contacts and, by repeated trials, determines an average longitudinal time course (epidemic curve) of the simulated infection as it spreads through the community from incept

[Epidemic of infectious disease with echovirus type 16--epidemic in Tono area, Gifu Prefecture in 1984].

During the period from May to August, 1984, an epidemic of infectious disease with echovirus type 16 occurred in Tono area of southeast in Gifu prefecture. This virus caused children to have different clinical symptoms, one was a exanthem disease and another was aseptic meningitis. These cases confirmed by virological and serological methods were 48 cases, that is, patients with aseptic meningitis were 24 cases and patients with exanthem disease were 24 cases. By serological examination of antibody against echovirus type 16, it was confirmed that this virus type invaded Gifu Prefecture before

Toward broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines: navigating viral evolution from past epidemics to future resilience.

SUMMARYNewly emerged highly pathogenic coronavirus species, including SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2, have successively triggered outbreaks worldwide over the past 25 years. Recently, several MERS-related coronaviruses have been identified from bats or pangolins. These viruses, along with previously found SARS-related coronaviruses, pose significant potential to infect humans and trigger pandemics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop broad-spectrum vaccines that can combat both currently circulating coronaviruses and those that may emerge in the future. Currently, approved COVID-19 vacci

Mobility-informed metapopulation models predict the spatio-temporal spread of respiratory epidemics across scales.

BACKGROUND: Predicting where and when epidemics will spread is essential for guiding early public health responses, yet remains challenging when surveillance data are sparse. Mobility-based approaches offer a promising alternative by leveraging human movement patterns to predict spatial spread without requiring detailed epidemiological data. METHODS: We evaluated the ability of mobility-informed effective distance to predict the relative timing of epidemic onset for three respiratory pathogens: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), seasonal influenza virus, and respira…

Simulation and optimal control of stochastic delay differential models for hepatitis C virus epidemics.

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is recognized as a significant global public health concern due to its complex transmission dynamics and long-te … s, offering a comprehensive framework for the effective management and potential eradication of HCV epidemics.