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Defining diagnostic trajectories in patients with podocytopathies.

Podocytopathies are glomerular disorders in which podocyte injury drives proteinuria and progressive kidney disease. They encompass a broad spectrum of aetiologies, resulting in pathological pictures of minimal-changes, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, diffuse mesangial sclerosis or collapsing glomerulopathy. Despite improvement in classifying podocytopathies as a distinct group of disorders, the histological definition fails to capture the relevant biological heterogeneity underlying each case, manifesting as extensive variability in disease progression and response to therapies. Increasin

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… Starting from the observation that a putative circulating factor could bind to the podocytes glycocalyx, galactose was tested in nephrotic patients because of its potential competitive binding action [ 78 ]. …

АКНП 60th Ежегодное совещание: выдержки из плакатов P276 - P550.

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Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy: Molecular Pathogenesis and Targeted Therapy.

Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most prevalent primary glomerulonephritis globally, is characterized by mesangial IgA deposition and heterogeneous clinical trajectories. Historically, management relied on renin-angiotensin system inhibition and empirical immunosuppression, yet high lifetime kidney failure risk persists despite optimized care. This review synthesizes advances in molecular pathogenesis, highlighting how the traditional multi-hit hypothesis-while foundational for targeted therapy development-fails to capture IgAN's recurrent, self-amplifying nature. We introduce the "spi

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… This model validated the “multi‐hit” hypothesis, showing that Gd–IgA1–IgG complexes trigger endothelial glycocalyx disruption, facilitating mesangial migration and inflammation [ 332 ]. … The mechanism‐of‐action studies in animal models, showing protection of glomerular glycocalyx and prevention of immune complex migration into the mesangium, were directly confirmed by biomarker studies in the clinical trial. …

Research Progress of NK Cells in Glioblastoma Treatment.

NK cells are a type of antitumor immune cell with promising clinical application, following T cells. The activity of NK cells is primarily regulated by their surface receptors and immune microenvironment. In gliomas, the tumor microenvironment exerts a strong immunosuppressive effect, which significantly reduces the clinical efficacy of NK cell immunotherapy. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the latest research on the role of NK cells in glioma immunotherapy, focusing on aspects such as NK cell development, function, and localization. It summarizes information on the compounds, monoclona

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… Additionally, experiments with primary human NK cells indicated the potential of ApEn-NK to specifically target and kill lymphoma cells, thus providing a novel method for targeted immunotherapy by NK cells. 117 In addition, one study reported a chemoenzymatic glycocalyx editing way to introduce high-affinity …

CAR-T cell therapy for the treatment of adult high-grade gliomas.

Treatment for malignant primary brain tumors, including glioblastoma, remains a significant challenge despite advances in therapy. CAR-T cell immunotherapy represents a promising alternative to conventional treatments. This review discusses the landscape of clinical trials for CAR-T cell therapy targeting brain tumors, highlighting key advancements like novel target antigens and combinatorial strategies designed to address tumor heterogeneity and immunosuppression, with the goal of improving outcomes for patients with these aggressive cancers.

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… Immunoengineering can overcome the glycocalyx armour of cancer cells. Nat. Mater . 10.1038/s41563-024-01808-0 (2024). 149. Posey, A. D. et al. Engineered CAR T cells targeting the cancer-associated Tn-glycoform of the membrane mucin MUC1 control adenocarcinoma. …

Targeting Tumor Glycans for Cancer Therapy: Successes, Limitations, and Perspectives.

Aberrant glycosylation is a hallmark of cancer and can lead to changes that influence tumor behavior. Glycans can serve as a source of novel clinical biomarker developments, providing a set of specific targets for therapeutic intervention. Different mechanisms of aberrant glycosylation lead to the formation of tumor-associated carbohydrate antigens (TACAs) suitable for selective cancer-targeting therapy. The best characterized TACAs are truncated O-glycans (Tn, TF, and sialyl-Tn antigens), gangliosides (GD2, GD3, GM2, GM3, fucosyl-GM1), globo-serie glycans (Globo-H, SSEA-3, SSEA-4), Lewis anti

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… Using mAb trastuzumab (anti-HER2), they developed an antibody–sialidase conjugate that was able to enhance cancer cell susceptibility to ADCC by selective desialylation of the glycocalyx of the targeted tumor cell [ 344 ]. …

Вирусы и "Мозг-отношение к беде".

Неврологические расстройства, некоторые из которых связаны с вирусными инфекциями, растут из-за старения и увеличения численности населения. Несмотря на крепкую защиту центральной нервной системы, некоторые вирусы эволюционировали, чтобы пробить их, что часто приводит к ужасным последствиям. В этом обзоре мы рассказываем о различных способах проникновения различных вирусов в ЦНС и о последствиях таких вторжений. Последствия могут проявляться в виде острых заболеваний, таких, как энцефалит, менингит, или приводить к долгосрочным последствиям, таким, как нервно - мышечная дисфункция, как это име

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… For example, the nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) from DENV, ZIKV, WNV, and JEV can bind to the endothelial glycocalyx layer, disrupting its integrity and inducing breakdown [ 106 ], as well as contributing to endothelial cells’ apoptosis or lysis [ 107 ]. …

Endotheliopathy in CAR T-Cell Therapy: Mechanistic Insights into the VWF/ADAMTS13 Axis and the Angiopoietin-Tie2 Pathway.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy has transformed the management of hematologic malignancies, yet its clinical success is tempered by severe immune-mediated toxicities, including cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS), often accompanied by CAR T cell therapy-related coagulopathy (CARAC). Converging evidence identifies therapy-related endotheliopathy as a central pathophysiological link between cytokine excess, hemostatic dysregulation, capillary leak, and organ injury. Parallel efforts aim to identify circulating biomarke

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… 141 whereas the Ang-1 mimetic MAT.Ang-1 similarly decreases vascular leakage without hemodynamic compromise. 142 Conversely, Ang-2 inhibition reduces vascular leak and organ injury; notably, combining Ang-2 blockade and Tie2 activation appears more effective than either strategy alone in preserving glycocalyx …

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in cancer patients and survivors. A scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association of the ESC and the ESC Council of Cardio-Oncology.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increasingly recognized in cancer patients and survivors, yet it remains underdiagnosed and its epidemiology largely unknown. This statement underscores the imperative need to include HFpEF in the cardiotoxicities identified during or after anticancer treatments. It also highlights the prognostic value of pre-existing HFpEF for periprocedural and cardiotoxicity risk and it discusses the challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of HFpEF in cancer patients. It also explores the aetiologic role of anticancer therapies (chemotherapy, targe

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… Endothelial glycocalyx integrity in oncological patients . Int J Cardiol 2022 ; 360 : 62 – 67 . 10.1016/j.ijcard.2022.05.010 35533752 46 Guazzi M . Pulmonary hypertension in heart failure preserved ejection fraction . …

Image-based drug screen identifies HDAC inhibitors as novel Golgi disruptors synergizing with JQ1.

The Golgi apparatus is increasingly recognized as a major hub for cellular signaling and is involved in numerous pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. The study of Golgi stress-induced signaling pathways relies on the selectivity of the available tool compounds of which currently only a few are known. To discover novel Golgi-fragmenting agents, transcriptomic profiles of cells treated with brefeldin A, golgicide A, or monensin were generated and compared with a database of gene expression profiles from cells treated with other bioactive small molecules. In parallel, a p

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… radioresistance through recognizing an IR-induced acetyl-lysine on H2AX Chem Biol 2015 22 849 861 26119999 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.05.014 PMC4695401 Wilke S Krausze J Büssow K Crystal structure of the conserved domain of the DC lysosomal associated membrane protein: implications for the lysosomal glycocalyx …

Intestinal barrier functions in hematologic and oncologic diseases.

The intestinal barrier is a complex structure that not only regulates the influx of luminal contents into the systemic circulation but is also involved in immune, microbial, and metabolic homeostasis. Evidence implicating disruption in intestinal barrier functions in the development of many systemic diseases, ranging from non-alcoholic steatohepatitis to autism, or systemic complications of intestinal disorders has increased rapidly in recent years, raising the possibility of the intestinal barrier as a potential target for therapeutic intervention to alter the course and mitigate the complica

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… The mucosal epithelium provides a selectively permeable barrier to the luminal contents The second layer consists of unstirred water, glycocalyx and mucus. …

Novel diagnostic options for endometriosis - Based on the glycome and microbiome.

BackgroundEndometriosis is a chronic gynaecological disease whose aetiology is still unknown. Despite its prevalence among women of reproductive age, the pathology of the disease has not yet been elucidated and only symptomatic treatment is available. Endometriosis has high latency and diagnostic methods are both limited and invasive.Aim of reviewThe aim of this review is to summarise minimally invasive or non-invasive diagnostic methods for endometriosis and their diagnostic efficiencies. Furthermore, we discuss the identification and diagnostic potential of novel disease biomarkers of microb

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… These alterations may contribute to infertility in women with EMS, as blastocyst implantation is associated with the adequate epithelial glycocalyx of endometrial cells [141] ( Table 3 ). …

The Role of Purported Mucoprotectants in Dealing with Irritable Bowel Syndrome, Functional Diarrhea, and Other Chronic Diarrheal Disorders in Adults.

Chronic diarrhea is a frequent presenting symptom, both in primary care medicine and in specialized gastroenterology units. It is estimated that more than 5% of the global population suffers from chronic diarrhea. and that about 40% of these subjects are older than 60 years. The clinician is frequently faced with the need to decide which is the best therapeutic approach for these patients. While the origin of chronic diarrhea is diverse, impairment of intestinal barrier function, dysbiosis. and mucosal micro-inflammation are being increasingly recognized as underlying phenomena characterizing

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… Intestinal epithelial cells also express transmembrane mucins (MUC1, MUC3, MUC4, MUC12, MUC13, MUC17, and MUC21) [ 26 ] that remain attached to the apical surface and form the glycocalyx together with glycolipids and are > 80% carbohydrate [ 30 ]. …

Micro and nanotechnologies: The little formulations that could.

The first publication of micro- and nanotechnology in medicine was in 1798 with the use of the Cowpox virus by Edward Jenner as an attenuated vaccine against Smallpox. Since then, there has been an explosion of micro- and nanotechnologies for medical applications. The breadth of these micro- and nanotechnologies is discussed in this piece, presenting the date of their first report and their latest progression (e.g., clinical trials, FDA approval). This includes successes such as the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines from Pfizer, Moderna, and Janssen (

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… Vascular smooth muscle cell glycocalyx influences shear stress‐mediated contractile response. J Appl Physiol. 2005;98(1):242‐249. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01006.2003 150. Nag OK, Awasthi V. Surface engineering of liposomes for stealth behavior. …

Biomimetic materials for medical applications.

AbstractRecent advances in biomedical research have facilitated the exploration of biomimetic materials and their potential for diagnosing and treating diseases. This review synthesizes reports of recent research into biomimetic materials and provides a focused analysis of their therapeutic and diagnostic efficacy across multiple physiological systems, including the locomotor, digestive, respiratory, urinary, endocrine, nervous, integumentary, hematopoietic, and circulatory systems. These findings highlight the transformative potential of these materials in the management of systemic diseases.

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… Kim et al [ 126 ] used glycocalyx-like biomimetic nanoparticles for kidney-targeted drug delivery. These nanoparticles significantly reduced CDDP-induced renal injury and demonstrated the potential of biomimetic materials for targeted therapy. …

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques

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Одноклеточная транскриптомика для иммунного профилирования цереброспинной жидкости в неврологических заболеваниях.

В ходе этого всеобъемлющего обзора мы прорабатываем значительный объем исследований по одноклеточной транскриптомике в цереброспайнальной жидкости (CSF) для понимания неврологических заболеваний с аутоиммунным, нейродегенеративным, инфекционным или онкогенным происхождением. Мы тщательно изучаем все опубликованные исследования в этих областях с особым акцентом на множественный склероз, болезнь Альцгеймера и болезнь Паркинсона. Что касается этих заболеваний, то мы анализируем результаты, связанные с иммунными клетками, проникающими в мозг, на основе вскрытого анализа тканей мозга и с использова

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… This is linked to a reduction in endothelial glycocalyx staining in the AD vasculature, potentially leading to increased neutrophil-vascular interactions ( 82 ). Neutrophils release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in AD, as evidenced by the presence of citrullinated histones ( 82 , 83 ). …

RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS OF THE 34th ECVIM-CA CONGRESS.

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… ESVC — European Society of Veterinary Cardiology ESVC‐O‐16 Red blood cell glycocalyx damage in canine myxomatous mitral valve disease M. Mazzarella 1,2 , M. Butler 3 , R. Foster 3 , J. Ward 1 , M. Tsakiroglou 1 , N. Finch 1,2 , M. … The protocol included blood smears being fixed with methanol and then stained with Lycopersicon esculentum lectin (glycocalyx) and octadecyl rhodamine B chloride (R18) (cell membrane stain). …

Host impairments in patients with neoplastic diseases.

Healthy individuals possess an immune system comprising physical barriers, innate and acquired immunity as well as the indigenous microflora that populate the body surfaces. The immune system maintains constant vigilance over the body at the cellular level as well as at the interface between the host integument and the resident microflora. However, neoplastic diseases and their treatment often lead to impaired immunity resulting in an increased risk of infections due to viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. This chapter explores the various aspects of host impairment focusing on the componen

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… Resident species also grow as biofilms, which consist of microcolonies enmeshed in a glycocalyx, rather than the planktonic growth found in laboratory cultures. Thus, each microbial consortium possesses a boundary and exists as a distinct unit separate from its neighbors. …

Physiological Role and Use of Thyroid Hormone Metabolites - Potential Utility in COVID-19 Patients.

Thyroxine and triiodothyronine (T3) are classical thyroid hormones and with relatively well-understood actions. In contrast, the physiological role of thyroid hormone metabolites, also circulating in the blood, is less well characterized. These molecules, namely, reverse triiodothyronine, 3,5-diiodothyronine, 3-iodothyronamine, tetraiodoacetic acid and triiodoacetic acid, mediate both agonistic (thyromimetic) and antagonistic actions additional to the effects of the classical thyroid hormones. Here, we provide an overview of the main factors influencing thyroid hormone action, and then go on t

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… Increased release of van Willebrand factor (vWF) and FVIII, elevated expression of P-selectin by endothelial cells and damage of the glycocalyx of the endothelial cells has been reported in COVID-19 patients. …