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Lymphoid chemokines CCL19 and CCL21 are expressed in the central nervous system during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis: implications for the maintenance of chronic neuroinflammation.

The simultaneous presence of dendritic, T- and B-cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a model for multiple sclerosis, suggests that interactions among these cell types might be instrumental in the local induction and maintenance of autoimmune reactions. In this study, we explored the possibility that such aberrant leukocyte recruitment in the CNS could be sustained by "lymphoid" chemokines which orchestrate dendritic cell and lymphocyte homing to lymphoid organs. Transcripts for CCL19 and CCL21 and their common receptor CCR7 we…

Vitamin D Supplementation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Critical Analysis of Potentials and Threats.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, vitamin D has gained attention, as low serum levels are suspected to increase the risk for MS. Cholecalciferol supplementation has been tested in several clinical trials, since hypovitaminosis D was linked to higher disease activity and may even play a role in long-term outcome. Here, we review the current understanding of the molecular effects of vitamin D beyond calcium homeostasis, the potential beneficial action in MS and hazards including comp…

Targeting Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) for treatment of multiple sclerosis.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) is now recognized as an essential causal agent in the development of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). MS is a chronic autoimmune disease resulting in demyelination and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). EBV is a ubiquitous human γ-herpesvirus that establishes long-term latent infection in a small subpopulation of memory B-lymphocytes. While EBV and B-lymphocytes are known to be drivers of MS autoimmune disease, it remains enigmatic how a small population of EBV-infected cells trigger and drive MS pathogenesis in some individuals. In this review, we discuss …

The potential roles of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: A comprehensive review.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. Growing evidence suggests that nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), key components of the cholinergic system, play an important role in regulating immune responses and neuroinflammation. In the present review, we summarize and critically evaluate experimental and clinical evidence supporting the involvement of nAChRs in MS pathogenesis. Particular emphasis is placed on receptor subtype-specific effects, including the anti-inflam…

High-Intensity Interval Training Snacks Improve Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Several studies have shown that physical activity is associated with increased life expectancy and the prevention of chronic and neurodegenerative diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the progression of an experimental model of multiple sclerosis. For this purpose, the murine model of experimental encephalomyelitis (EAE) was used in female C57BL/6 mice, divided into four groups: negative control (CN), positive control (EAE), HIIT once a day (1-HIIT), and HIIT snacks, three times a day (3-HIIT). The clinical score results demonstrated a…

Первичный билярийный чолангит у пациента с множественным склерозом: отчет по делу.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное состояние, характеризующееся демиэлизацией центральной нервной системы. В литературе редко описывается ее сосуществование с первичным холангитом (КМС), еще одним аутоиммунным заболеванием. Так обстоит дело с 35-летней пациенткой Эмирати с историей ПМС, у которой были неустойчивая походка и неврологические симптомы. Неврологический осмотр выявил дисметрию, широкую походку и резкие рефлексы. Результаты МРТ подтвердили наличие MS, и ее лечили метилпреднизолоном и лечением болезней. MS и КМС делятся иммунной дисрегуляцией, включая генетические

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune condition characterized by central nervous system demyelination. Its coexistence with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), another autoimmune disease, is rarely described in the literature. This is the case of a 35-year-old Emirati female patient with a history of PBC who presented with unsteady gait and neurolog…

Potential Application of Plant-Derived Compounds in Multiple Sclerosis Management.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration, resulting in significant disability and reduced quality of life. Current therapeutic strategies primarily target immune dysregulation, but limitations in efficacy and tolerability highlight the need for alternative treatments. Plant-derived compounds, including alkaloids, phenylpropanoids, and terpenoids, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory effects in both preclinical and clinical studies. By modulating immune responses and promoting neuroregeneration, these compounds o…

Propagated protein misfolding: New opportunities for therapeutics, new public health risk.

There is now good consensus that propagated protein misfolding is the underlying mechanism for the infectious prion diseases (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans, scrapie in sheep and goats, bovine spongiform encephalopathy in cattle, and chronic wasting disease in deer and elk). Over the past decade it has become increasingly clear that other diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis may progress via the same mechanism, involving a disease-specific polypeptide rather than the prion protein. Recent literature in these non-prion neurodegenera

Эффективность комбинированной терапии в сравнении с монотерапией при множественном склерозе: систематический обзор и метаанализ.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим аутоиммунным расстройством центральной нервной системы (КНС) и главной причиной нетравматических неврологических расстройств у молодых людей. Несмотря на то, что нынешняя медикаментозная терапия (ДМТ), такая, как бета-интерферон (IFNβ) и глатирамерная ацетат, может уменьшить воспаление и замедлить развитие болезней, многие пациенты по-прежнему сталкиваются с рецидивами. С учетом сложности и изменчивости MS в качестве более эффективного подхода к лечению изучается комбинированная терапия, ориентированная на различные механизмы лечения. Был проведе

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) and the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults. Although current disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), such as interferon beta (IFNβ) and glatiramer acetate, can reduce inflammation and delay disease progression, many patients continue t…

Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders - towards clinical application.

Neurofilament proteins have been validated as specific body fluid biomarkers of neuro-axonal injury. The advent of highly sensitive analytic … eurofilaments as a biomarker of neuro-axonal damage in a range of neurological disorders, including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke and cerebrovascular disease, traumatic brain injury, and Parkinson disease. We also consider the steps needed to complete the translation of neurofilaments from the l …

Astrocytic and microglial cells as the modulators of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease.

Neuroinflammation is instigated by the misfiring of immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) involving microglia and astrocytes as k … s, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. These diseases have variable clinical and pathological features, but are underlaid by the aggregation of misfolded proteins with a cytotoxic effect. Notably, abnormal activation of glial cells could mediate neuroinflammation, leading to the neurode …

Регулирование микроглии путем старения и автофагии в множестве склерозов.

Множественный склероз (MS) является воспалительным заболеванием, которое часто характеризуется развитием необратимой клинической инвалидности. Возраст является серьезным фактором риска, который тесно связан с клиническим курсом и развитием НР. Некоторые данные свидетельствуют о том, что при старении у микроглии есть сигнатура, связанная со старением генов, и она близка к микроглии, связанной с болезнями (DAM), которая характеризуется снижением фагоцитоза, но увеличением производства подстрекательских факторов. Генные сигнатуры микроглии в MS пересекаются со стареющими, воспаляющими и DAM. Кром

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory disease that is often characterized by the development of irreversible clinical disability. Age is a strong risk factor that is strongly associated with the clinical course and progression of MS. Several lines of evidence suggest that with aging, microglia have an aging-related gene expression signature and are clos…

CHI3L1 в Множественном склерозе-от скамьи до клиники.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое демиелинирующее заболевание центральной нервной системы (CNS) с сложным и не вполне понятным этиопатологическим фоном, предусматривающим воспалительные и нейродегенеративные процессы. CHI3L1 был замешан в таких патологических условиях, как воспаление, повреждение и нейродегенерация, и, вероятно, будет играть определенную роль в физиологическом развитии CNS. CHI3L1 производится главным образом макрофагами CNS, микроглией и активированными астроцитами. Структура выражения CHI3L1 при поражениях MS может поддержать важную роль астроцитов в модуляции подстре

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with a complex and not fully understood etiopathological background involving inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes. CHI3L1 has been implicated in pathological conditions such as inflammation, injury, and neurodegeneration, and is likely to play a role in th…

Role of B cells and antibodies in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronically progressive auto-immune mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) which manifests as disturbances in sensorimotor function and cognitive impairment. Although believed to be a T-cell mediated disease, the role of B cells has recently become a central issue in MS pathogenesis. Both antibody dependent and independent theories have been suggested to play a role in the initiation of inflammatory demyelination. Antibody dependent mechanisms include formation of autoantibodies targeting specific tissues in the CNS and B ce…

Natural history of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common idiopathic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system. The distinction between MS and other benign or fulminant inflammatory demyelinating disorders is based on quantitative, rather than qualitative, differences in chronicity and severity. Primary progressive MS may differ from relapsing-remitting MS in MRI lesion frequency, immunogenetic profile, responsiveness to immunosuppressive treatment, and histology. In 60% of patients, MS begins as a relapsing-remitting disease and evolves secondarily into a progressive neurological illness. Life expe…

Multiple sclerosis and hypogonadism: is there a relationship?

INTRODUCTION: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system and is widely recognized as a disease primarily affecting women. The relationship between MS and hypogonadism is complex and not fully understood, with recent evidence showing that hypogonadism may have a significant impact on the quality of life and disease progression of patients with MS. OBJECTIVES: This review aims to provide an overview of the current knowledge regarding the relationship between MS and hypogonadism, including the mechanisms underlying this relationship; the effec…

Improvement of Encapsulating Peritoneal Sclerosis After Medical Treatment and Successful Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant in a Child: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is an uncommon complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Despite its rarity, EPS significantly increases morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing prolonged peritoneal dialysis. In children on PD, the incidence of EPS ranges from 0.5% to 7.3%. CASE: We present the case of a 13-year-old Omani boy diagnosed with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) secondary to steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome due to diffuse mesangial sclerosis at the age of 2 years. He was started on automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) on the same year and expe

Meningeal B-cell follicles in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis associate with early onset of disease and severe cortical pathology.

Intrathecal antibody production is a hallmark of multiple sclerosis and humoral immunity is thought to play an important role in the inflammatory response and development of demyelinated lesions. The presence of lymphoid follicle-like structures in the cerebral meninges of some multiple sclerosis patients indicates that B-cell maturation can be sustained locally within the CNS and contribute to the establishment of a compartmentalized humoral immune response. In this study we examined the distribution of ectopic B-cell follicles in multiple sclerosis cases with primary and secondary progressiv…

Health Utilities and Costs for Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological condition that imposes a significant burden on patients and healthcare systems. OBJECTIVES: To estimate health utilities and costs of MS within the UK setting. METHODS: Patients with MS recruited to the Trajectories of Outcomes in Neurological Conditions (TONiC-MS) study completed a survey that included the EuroQoL EQ-5D-5L, EQ VAS, and a resource use questionnaire for recording their use of MS-related primary, secondary and community care services, diagnostic tests and medicines in the previous 3 months. Data were analysed descri…

Elevated expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome in post-mortem brain white matter and immune cells in multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is a signalling hub associated with the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS). NLRP3 inflammasome activation requires interplay between pathogen-/damage-associated molecular patterns and other soluble factors, which initiates inflammation to promote the secretion of the cytokine, interleukin (IL)-1β. OBJECTIVE: To determine if the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome signalling components is altered in the brain and in immune cells in …