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The molecular interplay of known phytochemicals as Culex pipiens and Rift Valley fever virus inhibitors through molecular docking.

Infectious diseases transmitted by vectors have claimed millions of lives. The mosquito Culex pipiens is a main vector species of Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) transmission. RVFV is an arbovirus that infects both people and animals. No effective vaccine or drugs are available for RVFV. Therefore, it is vital to find effective therapies for this viral infection. Because of their critical roles in transmission and infection, acetylcholinesterase 1 (AChE1) of Cx. Pipiens and RVFV glycoproteins, and nucleocapsid proteins are appealing protein targets. To understand intermolecular interactions, co…

Оценка знаний, отношения и практики фермеров животноводства в отдельных районах Малави в отношении " лихорадки долины Рифт " .

лихорадка Рифт-Вэлли (RVF) — вирусный зооноз, передаваемый через комары, о случаях которого не сообщается в эндемических районах без активного наблюдения. Информация о знании, отношении и практике ФРП среди животноводов в Малави по-прежнему носит спекулятивный характер. В восьми округах Малави было проведено перекрестное обследование с использованием полуструктурированного вопросника (n = 400), с тем чтобы получить информацию о знаниях, подходах и практике управления (KAP) в отношении PVF. Средний показатель КАП был рассчитан на основе общих оценок знаний, отношения и практики, а затем оценен.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis whose cases go unreported in endemic areas without active surveillance. Information on the knowledge, attitude, and practice of RVF among livestock farmers remains speculative in Malawi. A cross-section survey using a semi-structured questionnaire (n = 400) was conducted in eight districts of Malawi …

Development of a Versatile Half-Strip Lateral Flow Assay toward the Detection of Rift Valley Fever Virus Antibodies.

Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease that is caused by the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV); Bunyaviridae: Phlebovirus. RVF disease can affect several different species, including ruminants, camels and humans and thus present a dual threat to public health and livestock food production in endemic regions. In livestock, the RVFV infection is characterised by an acute hepatitis, abortion and high mortality rates in new-born animals. The current RVF diagnostic techniques have shown good sensitivity. However, they require extensive sample processing and complex instrumentatio…

Microencapsulated plasmids expressing Gn and Gc glycoproteins of Rift Valley Fever virus enhance humoral immune response in mice.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the current study was to develop biodegradable alginate (ALG)/poly-L-lysine (PLL) microcapsules (MC) with entrapped plasmids expressing Gn and Gc glycoproteins of Rift Valley Fever virus (RVFV) and to evaluate the humoral immune response in mice. RESULTS: Expressing phRVF/Gn and phRVF/Gc plasmids which encode full-sized Gn and Gc glycoproteins and contain signal fusion protein F sequences of human parainfluenza (HPIV-1) were constructed. To protect the plasmids from cleavage by extracellular nucleases, they were entrapped into multilayer ALG/PLL microcapsules by layer-b…

Landscape Genetics of Aedes mcintoshi (Diptera: Culicidae), an Important Vector of Rift Valley Fever Virus in Northeastern Kenya.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a vector-borne, zoonotic disease that affects humans, wild ungulates, and domesticated livestock in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. Rift Valley fever virus exhibits interepizootic and epizootic phases, the latter defined by widespread virus occurrence in domesticated livestock. Kenya appears to be particularly vulnerable to epizootics, with 11 outbreaks occurring between 1951 and 2007. The mosquito species Aedes mcintoshi (subgenus Neomelaniconion) is an important primary vector for RVFV in Kenya. Here, we investigate associations between genetic diversity a…

Sorafenib Impedes Rift Valley Fever Virus Egress by Inhibiting Valosin-Containing Protein Function in the Cellular Secretory Pathway.

There is an urgent need for therapeutic development to combat infections caused by Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), which causes devastating disease in both humans and animals. In an effort to repurpose drugs for RVFV treatment, our previous studies screened a library of FDA-approved drugs. The most promising candidate identified was the hepatocellular and renal cell carcinoma drug sorafenib. Mechanism-of-action studies indicated that sorafenib targeted a late stage in virus infection and caused a buildup of virions within cells. In addition, small interfering RNA (siRNA) knockdown studies sugg…

Modelling hotspots of the two dominant Rift Valley fever vectors (Aedes vexans and Culex poicilipes) in Barkédji, Sénégal.

BACKGROUND: Climatic and environmental variables were used successfully by using models to predict Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus outbreaks in East Africa. However, these models are not replicable in the West African context due to a likely difference of the dynamic of the virus emergence. For these reasons specific models mainly oriented to the risk mapping have been developed. Hence, the areas of high vector pressure or virus activity are commonly predicted. However, the factors impacting their occurrence are poorly investigated and still unknown. In this study, we examine the impact of clima…

Presence of Viral RNA and Proteins in Exosomes from Cellular Clones Resistant to Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection.

Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) is a RNA virus that belongs to the genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae. It infects humans and livestock and causes Rift Valley fever. RVFV is considered an agricultural pathogen by the USDA, as it can cause up to 100% abortion in cattle and extensive death of newborns. In addition, it is designated as Category A pathogen by the CDC and the NIAID. In some human cases of RVFV infection, the virus causes fever, ocular damage, liver damage, hemorrhagic fever, and death. There are currently limited options for vaccine candidates, which include the MP-12 and clone 1…

Knowledge, attitudes and practices on Rift Valley fever among agro pastoral communities in Kongwa and Kilombero districts, Tanzania.

BACKGROUND: Rift valley fever (RVF) is a re-emerging viral vector-borne disease with rapid global socio-economic impact. A large RVF outbreak occurred in Tanzania in 2007 and affected more than half of the regions with high (47 %) case fatality rate. Little is known about RVF and its dynamics. A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding RVF in Kongwa and Kilombero districts, Tanzania. METHODS: We conducted a cross sectional survey among a randomly selected sample of individuals in 2011. We administered questionnaires to collect data on demo…

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices (KAP) on Rift Valley Fever among Pastoralist Communities of Ijara District, North Eastern Kenya.

Outbreaks of Rift Valley fever (RVF), a mosquito-borne viral zoonosis, have previously been associated with unusually heavy rainfall and extensive flooding. The disease is a serious public health problem in Africa and the Middle East, and is a potential global health threat. In Kenya, outbreaks of the disease have disproportionately affected impoverished pastoralist communities. This study sought to assess the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding RVF among the pastoralists of North Eastern Kenya, and to establish the determinants of KAP on RVF. A cross-sectional study involving 3…

Rift Valley fever MP-12 vaccine Phase 2 clinical trial: Safety, immunogenicity, and genetic characterization of virus isolates.

An outbreak or deliberate release of Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus could have serious public health and socioeconomic consequences. A safe RVF vaccine capable of eliciting long-lasting immunity after a single injection is urgently needed. The live attenuated RVF MP-12 vaccine candidate has shown promise in Phase 1 clinical trials; no evidence of reversion to virulence has been identified in numerous animal studies. The objective of this Phase 2 clinical trial was to (a) further examine the safety and immunogenicity of RVF MP-12 in RVF virus-naïve humans and (b) characterize isolates of RVF MP-…

Comprehensive phylogenetic reconstructions of Rift Valley fever virus: the 2010 northern Mauritania outbreak in the Camelus dromedarius species.

Rift valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by RVF virus (RVFV), a phlebovirus (Bunyaviridae). RVF is widespread in Sub-Saharan Africa. In September of 2010, an RVF outbreak occurred in northern Mauritania involving mass abortions in small ruminants and camels (Camelus dromedarius) and at least 63 human clinical cases, including 13 deaths. In camels, serological prevalence was 27.5-38.5% (95% confidence interval, n=279). For the first time, clinical signs other than abortions were reported in this species, including hemorrhagic septicemia and sever…

Choice of inbred rat strain impacts lethality and disease course after respiratory infection with Rift Valley Fever Virus.

Humans infected with Rift Valley Fever Virus (RVFV) generally recover after a febrile illness; however, a proportion of patients progress to a more severe clinical outcome such as hemorrhagic fever or meningoencephalitis. RVFV is naturally transmitted to livestock and humans by mosquito bites, but it is also infectious through inhalational exposure, making it a potential bioterror weapon. To better understand the disease caused by inhalation of RVFV, Wistar-Furth, ACI, or Lewis rats were exposed to experimental aerosols containing virulent RVFV. Wistar-Furth rats developed a rapidly progressin…

Вирус лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли NS сдерживает транскрипцию хостинга независимо от деградации белковой киназы PKR, зависящей от DSRNA.

Вирус лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли (RVFV) кодирует один из основных факторов вирулентности — протеин NS. NS подавляет общую транскрипцию, включая интерферон (IFN)-β mRNA синтез, и поощряет деградацию зависимости от белковой киназы (PKR) dsRNA. Мы создали новый мутант RVFV (rMP12-NSSR173A), конкретно не выполняющий функции по содействию деградации PKR. rMP12-NSSR173A вызывает раннюю фосфорилизацию eIF2α в результате активации PKR, сохраняя при этом функцию, направленную на сдерживание общей транскрипции, включая ингибицию генов IFN-β. MP-12 NS, но не R173A NS связывает Wt PKR. R173A NS образовали нитев

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) encodes one major virulence factor, the NSs protein. NSs suppresses host general transcription, including interferon (IFN)-β mRNA synthesis, and promotes degradation of the dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). We generated a novel RVFV mutant (rMP12-NSsR173A) specifically lacking the function to promote PKR degradation. rMP12-…

Protection of MP-12-vaccinated rhesus macaques against parenteral and aerosol challenge with virulent rift valley fever virus.

To test safety and efficacy of the Rift Valley fever MP-12 (RVF MP-12) vaccine, 9 healthy adult Rhesus macaques, weighing 5-10 kg, were inoculated intramuscularly with 6 × 10(3) plaque forming units (PFUs) of MP-12 vaccine. The monkeys developed neutralizing antibody responses with no adverse effects other than a transient, low-titer viremia in 3 monkeys. Four vaccinated animals challenged intravenously with 3 × 10(6) PFUs of virulent Rift Valley fever virus strain ZH-501 (RVFV ZH-501) at 126 days after vaccination were protected against infection. The remaining 5 vaccinated monkeys along with…

Rift valley fever virus infection of human cells and insect hosts is promoted by protein kinase C epsilon.

As an arthropod-borne human pathogen, Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) cycles between an insect vector and mammalian hosts. Little is known about the cellular requirements for infection in either host. Here we developed a tissue culture model for RVFV infection of human and insect cells that is amenable to high-throughput screening. Using this approach we screened a library of 1280 small molecules with pharmacologically defined activities and identified 59 drugs that inhibited RVFV infection with 15 inhibiting RVFV replication in both human and insect cells. Amongst the 15 inhibitors that blocke…

Rift Valley fever virus NSs protein promotes post-transcriptional downregulation of protein kinase PKR and inhibits eIF2alpha phosphorylation.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) (genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae) is a negative-stranded RNA virus with a tripartite genome. RVFV is transmitted by mosquitoes and causes fever and severe hemorrhagic illness among humans, and fever and high rates of abortions in livestock. A nonstructural RVFV NSs protein inhibits the transcription of host mRNAs, including interferon-beta mRNA, and is a major virulence factor. The present study explored a novel function of the RVFV NSs protein by testing the replication of RVFV lacking the NSs gene in the presence of actinomycin D (ActD) or alpha-amanitin…

Virus-dependent mortality in Rift Valley fever, eastern equine encephalomyelitis, and chikungunya virus-inoculated mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae.

The effect of inoculation of mosquito larvae with Rift Valley fever (RVF) virus on survival to the adult stage was evaluated in Aedes aegypti (L.), Ae. fowleri (Charmoy), Ae. mcintoshi Huang, Ae. taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Ae. triseriatus (Say), Eretmapodites quinquevittatus Theobald, Anopheles albimanus Wiedemann, and Culex pipiens L. Pupation rates were similar for RVF virus-inoculated and diluent-inoculated larvae of all mosquito species tested except Cx. pipiens. However, with the exception of An. albimanus and Ae. triseriatus, virtually all pupae derived from RVF virus-inoculated larvae …