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The Deadly Duo of COVID-19 and Cancer!

As of September 19, 2020, about 30 million people have been infected with the novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) globally, and the numbers are increasing at an alarming rate. The disease has a tremendous impact on every aspect of life, but one of the biggest, related to human health and medical sciences, is its effect on cancer. Nearly 2% of the total COVID-19 patients prior to May 2020 had cancer, and the statistics are quite frightening as the patient can be referred to as "doubly unfortunate" to suffer from cancer with the added misery of infection with COVID-19. Data regarding the

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… Inhibits myelofibrosis and JAK | Tocilizumab reduced ruxolitinib as CYP3A4 inducer Paclitaxel | Tocilizumab | Inhibits cell division by altering chromosomal segregation | Tocilizumab reduced paclitaxel as CYP3A4 inducer Increased metabolism of anticancer agents such as ceritinib, criotinib, brigatinib, gefitinib …

Nephrotoxicity of recent anti-cancer agents.

Cancer patients may develop a variety of kidney lesions that impair not only their immediate survival but also limit the adequate treatment of the underlying malignant process. This review summarizes the nephrotoxic potential of some of the most recently developed anti-cancer drugs, focusing on those interfering with the vascular endothelial growth factor and epidermal growth factor receptor pathways and mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors. Thrombotic microangiopathy (haemolytic-uraemic syndrome), proteinuria, hypertension and magnesium depletion are the most common side effects. Also the

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… The second approach includes small-molecule inhibitors of EGFR tyrosine kinase, such as gefitinib and erlotinib, which prevent EGFR autophosphorylation and downstream signalling. …

ISEV2019 Abstract Book

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Natural biomolecules and derivatives as anticancer immunomodulatory agents.

Despite advancements in chemotherapy, the issue of resistance and non-responsiveness to many chemotherapeutic drugs that are currently in clinical use still remains. Recently, cancer immunotherapy has gathered attention as a novel treatment against select cancers. Immunomodulation is also emerging as an effective strategy to improve efficacy. Natural phytochemicals, with known anticancer properties, been reported to mediate their effects by modulating both traditional cancer pathways and immunity. The mechanism of phytochemical mediated-immunomodulatory activity may be attributed to the remode

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… Two independent studies have demonstrated that by inhibiting STAT3, dihydroartemisinin acted synergistically with the Bcl-2 inhibitor ABT-263 ( 88 ) and with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor gefitinib ( 89 ) to induce apoptosis in EGFR and RAS mutant NSCLC cells. …

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer (2022 edition).

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Bone is a common metastatic site of lung cancer, about 50% of bone metastatic patients will experience skeletal related events (SREs). SREs not only seriously impact the quality of life of patients, but also shorten their survival time. The treatment of bone metastasis requires multi-disciplinary therapy (MDT) and development of individualized treatment plan. In order to standardize the diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis in lung cancer, the expert group of the MDT Committee of the Chinese Medical Doctor Association ha

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… The target drugs for NSCLC can be divided into several categories according to the drug targets: (1) Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), including gefitinib, erlotinib, osimertinib, afatinib, dacomitinib, almonertinib or furmonertinib; (2) TKIs which target echinoderm …

Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy: challenges and opportunities in lung cancer.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has revolutionized the paradigm in hematological malignancies treatment, driving an ever-expanding number of basic research and clinical trials of genetically engineering T cells to treat solid tumors. CAR T-cell therapies based on the antibodies targeting Mesothelin, CEA, EGFR, EGFR, MUC1, DLL3, and emerging novel targets provide promising efficacy for lung cancer patients. However, clinical application of CAR T-cell therapy against lung cancer remains limited on account of physical and immune barriers, antigen escape and heterogeneity, on-target

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… This result provides preliminary evidence that EGFR-targeting CAR T therapy is safe and feasible in certain relapsed/refractory NSCLC, where conventional tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as Gefitinib fail to work. …

Chronic pruritus: a narrative review.

Chronic pruritus encompasses a manifestation of several cutaneous, allergic, infectious, neurological, psychological, and systemic conditions, whose etiological investigation and therapeutic strategy can be challenging. This comprehensive review aims to enhance the understanding of pruritus by highlighting important elements in its pathogenesis, including keratinocytes, Merkel cells and mast cells, nerve fibers, histaminergic and nonhistaminergic pathways, and the interaction of itch signals with the central nervous system. Diagnostic evaluation of chronic pruritus may require a meticulous app

Regulating the regulators: long non-coding RNAs as autophagic controllers in chronic disease management.

The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases and their associated morbidities demands a deeper understanding of underlying mechanism and causative factors, with the hope of developing novel therapeutic strategies. Autophagy, a conserved biological process, involves the degradation of damaged organelles or protein aggregates to maintain cellular homeostasis. Disruption of this crucial process leads to increased genomic instability, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), decreased mitochondrial functions, and suppression of ubiquitination, leading to overall decline in quality of intrac

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… after CSE/ PM2.5 exposure | ↓Proliferation, ↓Migration, ↓Invasion | [ 112 ] LINC00857 b | YBX1 | ↑LC3 II/I ratio | ↓Proliferation, ↑cle-PARP, ↓YBX1, ↓p-MET, ↑p-AMPKa | [ 113 ] PANDAR a | – | ↑Autophagy, ↑Beclin-1 | ↓Proliferation | [ 114 ] MITA1 a | – | ↑LC3 II/I ratio, ↑Beclin-1, ↓p62 | ↓Apoptosis, ↑Gefitinib …

Potential Molecular Targeted Therapy for Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent and lethal cancers, representing a serious worldwide health concern. The recurrence incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) following surgery or ablation is as high as 70%. Thus, the clinical applicability of standard surgery and other locoregional therapy to improve the outcomes of advanced HCC is restricted and far from ideal. The registered trials did not identify a treatment that prolonged recurrence-free survival, the primary outcome of the majority of research. Several investigator-initiated trials have demonstrated that var

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… NCT02724332 | I | - | - | Completed Ispinesib | NCT00095992 | II | - | - | Completed Licartin | NCT00819650 | II | - | - | Completed Epirubicin and lipiodol | NCT00820053 | II | - | - | Completed Ethiodised oil | NCT00870558 | III | - | - | Completed Bortezomib | NCT00077441 | II | - | - | Completed Gefitinib …

Long Non-Coding RNAs: Role in Testicular Cancers.

In the last few years lncRNAs have gained increasing attention among the scientific community, thanks to the discovery of their implication in many physio-pathological processes. In particular, their contribution to tumor initiation, progression, and response to treatment has attracted the interest of experts in the oncologic field for their potential clinical application. Testicular cancer is one of the tumors in which lncRNAs role is emerging. Said malignancies already have very effective treatments, which although lead to the development of quite serious treatment-related conditions, such a

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… LncRNA MALAT1 Promotes Lung Cancer Proliferation and Gefitinib Resistance by Acting as a miR-200a Sponge . Arch Bronconeumol ( 2019 ) 55 : 627–33 . 10.1016/j.arbres.2019.03.026 31133357 40 Huarte M Guttman M Feldser D Garber M Koziol MJ Kenzelmann-Broz D . …

Identification of a 4-lncRNA signature predicting prognosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a multicenter study in China.

BackgroundPrevious findings have indicated that the tumor, nodes, and metastases (TNM) staging system is not sufficient to accurately predict survival outcomes in patients with non-small lung carcinoma (NSCLC). Thus, this study aims to identify a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) signature for predicting survival in patients with NSCLC and to provide additional prognostic information to TNM staging system.MethodsPatients with NSCLC were recruited from a hospital and divided into a discovery cohort (n = 194) and validation cohort (n = 172), and detected using a custom lncRNA microarray. Another 73 N

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… Wu YL Cheng Y Zhou X Lee KH Nakagawa K Niho S Tsuji F Linke R Rosell R Corral J Dacomitinib versus gefitinib as first-line treatment for patients with EGFR-mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (ARCHER 1050): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial Lancet Oncol 2017 18 1454 1466 28958502 10.1016 …

Cancer, immune suppression and Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19): Need to manage drug safety (French Society for Oncology Pharmacy [SFPO] guidelines).

The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic is disrupting our health environment. As expected, studies highlighted the great susceptibility of cancer patients to COVID-19 and more severe complications, leading oncologists to deeply rethink patient cancer care. This review is dedicated to the optimization of care pathways and therapeutics in cancer patients during the pandemic and aims to discuss successive issues. First we focused on the international guidelines proposing adjustments and alternative options to cancer care in order to limit hospital admission and cytopenic treatment in cancer p

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… Pharmacokinetic interactions Hydroxychloroquine is a weak inhibitor of CYP2D6 and of the P-gp efflux protein, requiring intensified monitoring when used concomitantly with narrow-window drugs having this metabolic pathway: gefitinib, tamoxifen ( Table 2C ). …

Targeted synthesis of a trimethoxyphenyltetrahydropyrimidine analogue designed as a DNA intercalator: in silico, multi-spectroscopic, thermodynamic, and in vitro approaches.

Based on the rational design of DNA intercalators and Topo-II inhibitors and taking into consideration the main pharmacophoric features of doxorubicin (Dox) as a reference standard, we theoretically designed novel substituted tetrahydropyrimidine analogues (T1-35). The designed analogues (T1-35) were investigated for their inhibitory potential towards the hybrid DNA and Topo-II target receptor using molecular docking. Interestingly, the theoretically designed analogue T30 with a 3,4,5-trimethoxy phenyl side chain was found to be the superior candidate, achieving a binding score of -7.06 kcal m

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… -H. et al. , Characterization of interaction of calf thymus DNA with gefitinib: spectroscopic methods and molecular docking J. Photochem. Photobiol., B 2015 147 47 55 25839749 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2015.03.005 Olmsted III J. Kearns D. R. …

[Retracted] miR‑23a suppresses pancreatic cancer cell progression by inhibiting PLK‑1 expression.

BACKGROUND: One presentation of Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder (ARFID) is characterized by picky eating, i.e., selective eating based on the sensory properties of food. The present study has two aims. The first is to describe distress and impairment in individuals with ARFID secondary to picky eating. The second is to determine whether eating behaviors hypothesized to be specific to picky eating can differentiate picky eaters with and without ARFID from typical eaters (e.g., individuals not reporting picky or disordered eating) and individuals who strongly endorse attitudes associat

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… A pilot study of everolimus and gefitinib in the treatment of recurrent glioblastoma (GBM) J. Neuro. Oncol. 2009;92:99–105. doi: 10.1007/s11060-008-9741-z. 75. Chang SM, et al. Phase II study of CCI-779 in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. …

Pharmacogenomics and Big Data in medical oncology: developments and challenges.

Medical oncology, through conventional chemotherapy as well as targeted drugs, remains an important component of cancer patient management, particularly for systemic disease. Despite advances in all areas of medical oncology, certain challenges persist in the form of drug resistance and severe normal tissue toxicity. These unwanted effects can be counteracted through a patient-tailored treatment approach, which in chemotherapy is translated as pharmacogenomics. This research field investigates the way genetic makeup influences a patient's response to various drugs with the aim to minimize tria

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… and the Medline/Embase databases for the literature reporting on cost-effectiveness or cost-minimizations studies. 93 Within the 35 studies meeting the above criteria, some of the most common chemotherapeutic agents: fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan, carboplatin, cisplatin, 6-mercaptopurine, erlotinib, gefitinib …

Update on current diagnosis and management of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

Well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma has a favorable prognosis with a 5-year survival rate of over 95%. However, the undifferentiated or anaplastic type accounting for < 0.2%, usually in elderly individuals, exhibits a dismal prognosis with rapid growth and disappointing outcomes. It is the most aggressive form of thyroid carcinoma, with a median survival of 5 mo and poor quality of life (airway obstruction, dysphagia, hoarseness, persistent pain). Early diagnosis and staging are crucial. Diagnostic tools include biopsy (fine needle aspiration, core needle, open surgery), high-resolution ultr

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… The drugs for mechanisms of some implicated gene mutations include the following: (1) Angiogenesis-lenvatinib, sorafenib, sunitinib, vandetanib, combretastatin; (2) EGFR-docetaxel, gefitinib; (3) BRAF-dabrafenib, vemurafenib, encorafenib; and (4) MEK-trametinib, cobimetinib, binimetinib[ 24 ]. …

Natural Products/Bioactive Compounds as a Source of Anticancer Drugs.

Cancer is one of the major deadly diseases globally. The alarming rise in the mortality rate due to this disease attracks attention towards discovering potent anticancer agents to overcome its mortality rate. The discovery of novel and effective anticancer agents from natural sources has been the main point of interest in pharmaceutical research because of attractive natural therapeutic agents with an immense chemical diversity in species of animals, plants, and microorganisms. More than 60% of contemporary anticancer drugs, in one form or another, have originated from natural sources. Plants

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… Treatment with cucurbitacin B alone and in combination with gefitinib induces cell cycle inhibition and apoptosis via EGFR and JAK/STAT pathway in human colorectal cancer cell lines Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 2016 35 526 543 10.1177/0960327115595686 26183715 51. Xu Y. Fang R. Shao J. Cai Z. …

Bisphosphonate-Based Conjugates and Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Osteoporosis, Bone Cancer and Metastatic Bone Cancer.

Metastatic bone cancer occurs in every type of cancer but is prevalent in lung, breast, and prostate cancers. These metastases can cause extensive morbidity, including a range of skeletal-related events, often painful and linked with substantial hospital resource usage. The treatment used is a combination of chemotherapy and surgery. However, anticancer drugs are still limited due to severe side effects, drug resistance, poor blood supply, and non-specific drug uptake, necessitating high toxic doses. Bisphosphonates are the main class of drugs utilized to inhibit metastatic bone cancer. It is

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… Zoledronic acid increases the antitumor effect of gefitinib treatment for non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations. Oncol. Rep. 2016;35:3460–3470. doi: 10.3892/or.2016.4741. 134. Barone A.W., Fernandes G., Dziak R. Effects of alendronate and interferon-γ on bone cancer cells in vitro. …

Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPases 1 (PSMD1) and 3 (PSMD3), play an oncogenic role in chronic myeloid leukemia by stabilizing nuclear factor-kappa B.

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) targeting BCR-ABL1 have revolutionized therapy for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), paving the way for clinical development in other diseases. Despite success, targeting leukemic stem cells and overcoming drug resistance remain challenges for curative cancer therapy. To identify drivers of kinase-independent TKI resistance in CML, we performed genome-wide expression analyses on TKI-resistant versus sensitive CML cell lines, revealing a nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) expression signature. Nucleocytoplasmic fractionation and luciferase reporter assays confirmed i

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… Chiu CF Chang YW Kuo KT Shen YS Liu CY Yu YH NF-kappaB-driven suppression of FOXO3a contributes to EGFR mutation-independent gefitinib resistance Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2016 113 E2526 35 27091996 10.1073/pnas.1522612113 PMC4983816 39. …

Nanoparticles for Effective Combination Therapy of Cancer.

Cancer continues to remains a major healthcare problem across the world despite strong translational research efforts towards tackling the disease. Surgery, when possible, along with radiation and chemotherapy continue to remain the mainstay of cancer treatment. Novel targeted therapies or biologics and immunotherapies have recently been approved to improve treatment efficacies while reducing collateral damage to normal, non-cancerous tissues. Combination therapies have shown better results than individual monotherapies in the clinic but often the improvements in therapeutic indices remain mar

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… In order to test if various other drug combinations can prove useful using the same approach, the core of the liposomes was encapsulated with either DOX or cisplatin, and the lipid bilayer can be encapsulated using either one of these following tyrosine kinase receptors inhibitor; erlotinib, gefitinib …