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MiR-4448 is involved in deltamethrin resistance by targeting CYP4H31 in Culex pipiens pallens.

BACKGROUND: Culex pipiens (Cx. pipiens) complex, which acts as a vector of viruses and is widespread and abundant worldwide, including West Nile virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, and Sindbis virus, can cause serious vector-borne diseases affecting human health. Unfortunately, mosquitoes have developed deltamethrin resistance because of its long-term overuse, representing a major challenge to mosquito control. Understanding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of resistance is vital to control mosquitoes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that have been demonstrated to be important

Alternative strategies for mosquito-borne arbovirus control.

BACKGROUND: Mosquito-borne viruses-such as Zika, chikungunya, dengue fever, and yellow fever, among others-are of global importance. Althoug … S: This review, intended as a general overview, is one of a series being generated by the Worldwide Insecticide resistance Network (WIN). The alternative strategies discussed reflect those that are currently under evaluation for public health value by the World Health Organization (WHO) and represent strategies of focus by globally recognized public health stakeholders …

Ivermectin: a complimentary weapon against the spread of malaria?

Ivermectin has transformed the treatment of parasitic diseases and led to incommensurable benefits to humans and animals. Ivermectin is effective in treating several neglected infectious diseases and recently it has been shown to reduce malaria parasite transmission. Areas covered: Malaria control strategies could benefit from the addition of ivermectin to interrupt the transmission cycle if it is a long lasting formulation or repeatedly administered. In turn, this will help also to control neglected infectious diseases where the elimination goal has been slower to achieve. Despite the relevan

Genetic variation for resistance to chlorpyrifos in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae) infesting grapes in Israel.

Five species of drosophilid flies were observed breeding in grapes growing in Israel; of these, 2 species, Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) and D. simulans Sturtevant, are major pests. Natural populations of both species were sampled and tested for resistance to chlorpyrifos; the 2 more intensively sampled populations were D. melanogaster in commercial vineyards. One vineyard had been treated repeatedly with chlorpyrifos to control this secondary pest species; the other had never been treated with an organophosphorus compound. The LC50 to chlorpyrifos of a genetically heterogeneous line of D.

Functional Characterization of Trypsin Genes in Spodoptera litura and Their RNA Silencing in Combination with Insecticides.

Trypsin is one of the major digestive proteinases secreted by the insect midgut. It plays important roles in digestion, molting, diapause, zymogen activation, innate immunity, reproduction and insecticide resistance. However, the functions of trypsin and its potential as a target for the control of Spodoptera litura, a polyphagous agricultural pest, remain poorly understood. In this study, seven trypsin genes related to S. litura development were characterized. Temporal-spatial expression results showed that the seven trypsin genes were predominantly expressed during the larval stage and mainl…

Quantification of dose-mortality responses in adult Diptera: Validation using Ceratitis capitata and Drosophila suzukii responses to spinosad.

Quantitative laboratory bioassay methods are required to evaluate the toxicity of novel insecticidal compounds for pest control and to determine the presence of resistance traits. We used a radioactive tracer based on 32P-ATP to estimate the volume of a droplet ingested by two dipteran pests: Ceratitis capitata (Tephritidae) and Drosophila suzukii (Drosophilidae). Using blue food dye it was possible to distinguish between individuals that ingested the solution from those that did not. The average volume ingested by C. capitata adults was 1.968 μl. Females ingested a ~20% greater volume of solu

Potential biocontrol efficacy of native Beauveria bassiana against diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) in cabbage.

Cabbage experiences substantial yield reductions due to diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) and cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) infestation. Recurrent use of insecticides has led to insecticide resistance, necessitating the development of sustainable biocontrol strategies. This study involves the morpho-molecular characterization of Beauveria bassiana isolates from diverse locations. B. bassiana NBAIR-Bb5a exhibited the rapid mycelial growth (87.43 mm) with highest conidial germination rate (94.43%), and notable insecticidal enzymatic activities (chitinase, protease and lipase). Patho…

Indole-diterpenoids from an endophytic Penicillium brefeldianum F4a and their antifeedant and insecticidal activities against Spodoptera frugiperda.

BACKGROUND: Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the world's major agriculture pests, causing significant crop damage and serious economic losses. As S. frugiperda has developed widespread resistance, environmentally friendly insecticides are urgently needed. Therefore, searching for natural antifeedant or insecticidal lead compounds has become imperative. RESULTS: Three new indole diterpenoids, paspamine A (1), paspamine B (2), and paspalitrem D (3), along with nine known ones (compounds 4-12), were isolated from an endophytic Penicillium brefeldianum F4a. Their structure

Решение проблем в области борьбы с переносчиками болезней: обзор нынешних стратегий и настоятельной необходимости использования новых инструментов в борьбе Индии с трансмиссивными заболеваниями.

Болезни, передаваемые вектором (ВБД), несут значительное бремя во всем мире, особенно в тропических странах. Малярия, чикунгунья, денге, висцеральный лейшманиоз, лимфатический филариат и японский энцефалит относятся к числу проблем здравоохранения Индии. Одной из главных опор сдерживания VBD является борьба с переносчиками болезней, и на протяжении нескольких десятилетий используются различные инструменты. Они варьируются от химических инсектицидов, используемых в опрыскивании помещений, космических распылителей, туманов, обработанных противомоскитных сеток и личинок, до биологических методов

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Vector-borne diseases (VBDs) exert a substantial burden across the world, especially in tropical countries. Malaria, chikungunya, dengue, vi … ion. However, these methods are increasingly becoming less effective due to several reasons such as insecticide resistance, outdoor biting, behavioural changes in vectors for biting and resting, climate change, movement of population, vector incursion to newer areas and others. It is essential to develop and test new tools for vector control to surmount these challenges …

Assessment of susceptible Culex quinquefasciatus larvae in Indonesia to different insecticides through metabolic enzymes and the histopathological midgut.

Filariasis and virus diseases that are transmitted by Culex quinquefasciatus are still a global health problem. Control of mosquito vectors with synthetic insecticides causes resistance to these mosquitoes to insecticides so that detection of susceptibility of the mosquito larval stage to insecticides is important for evaluating mosquito control programs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibility of wild-caught Cx. quinquefasciatus larvae in Jakarta, Indonesia, following exposure to temephos, malathion, cypermethrin, and deltamethrin; this was done by examining the detoxifying e

Biodistribution of degradable polyanhydride particles in Aedes aegypti tissues.

Insecticide resistance poses a significant threat to the control of arthropods that transmit disease agents. Nanoparticle carriers offer exciting opportunities to expand the armamentarium of insecticides available for public health and other pests. Most chemical insecticides are delivered by contact or feeding, and from there must penetrate various biological membranes to reach target organs and kill the pest organism. Nanoparticles have been shown to improve bioactive compound navigation of such barriers in vertebrates, but have not been well-explored in arthropods. In this study, we explored…

UV light and urban pollution: bad cocktail for mosquitoes?

Mosquito breeding sites consist of water pools, which can either be large open areas or highly covered ponds with vegetation, thus with different light exposures combined with the presence in water of xenobiotics including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) generated by urban pollution. UV light and PAHs are abiotic factors known to both affect the mosquito insecticide resistance status. Nonetheless, their potential combined effects on the mosquito physiology have never been investigated. The present article aims at describing the effects of UV exposure alongside water contamination with …

Какова роль инсектицидов в программах борьбы с переносчиками болезней?

В большинстве стран, в которых они эндемичны, по-прежнему сохраняются серьезные проблемы в области общественного здравоохранения, связанные с болезнями, передаваемыми векторами, включая денге, желтую лихорадку, японский энцефалит, малярию, лейшманиоз и филариатис. В некоторых случаях они становятся все более распространенными и распространяются на новые географические районы. Для ряда инфекций наиболее эффективным способом контроля за их передачей является контроль за их переносчиками. Однако в некоторых случаях, таких, как болезнь денге и Шагаса, альтернативы этому нет. В большинстве стран, э

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Vector-borne diseases including dengue, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, malaria, leishmaniasis, and filariasis remain severe public hea … agencies, including the implementation of field trials in endemic areas. Due to the development of insecticide resistance, toxicologic and environmental considerations, and the cost of development and of registration, the number of compounds available for use has declined while the number of new insecticides submitted for laboratory and field trials to the World Health …

Resistance and the control of sheep ectoparasites.

For about 100 years Australian woolgrowers have used a variety of chemicals to control blowflies, lice and other ectoparasites of sheep. While the chemicals have changed considerably the application technology has not changed very much at all. Chemicals registered for use on sheep have paralleled the evolution of synthetic insecticides with the unfortunate consequence of the development of resistance in the Australian sheep blowfly, Lucilia cuprina, following closely behind. Organochlorine (dieldrin) resistance peaked at about 70% in 1958 when unacceptable residues in meat and wool forced thei

Characteristics of malaria vector populations and transmission before a randomised controlled trial assessing the efficacy of next-generation insecticide-treated nets in Côte d'Ivoire.

BACKGROUND: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends mass distribution of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) to prevent malaria transmission. Unfortunately, resistance to pyrethroids affects the efficacy of standard ITNs. To overcome this resistance and continue to protect the population, the WHO has recommended new types of ITNs that combine a pyrethroid insecticide with either a synergist (PBO) or a second insecticide, such as chlorfenapyr. This study examines the baseline characteristics of malaria vectors prior to the distribution of three types of insecticide-treated nets as part of a

Small molecules as arthropod kinin receptor antagonists, feeding modulators, or novel mosquitocidal agents.

BACKGROUND: Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes are primary vectors for numerous human and animal pathogens and each pose significant global health threats. The worldwide problem of insecticide resistance prompted the search for novel targets and 'lead' insecticidal chemistries for these two species. RESULTS: The insecticidal activity and other biological effects of selected small molecules derived from an original random in-house chemical library of 20 000 compounds were investigated against mosquitoes. A multipronged approach included a cell-based recombinant Aedes kinin rec…

Phytol from Sphaeranthus indicus: A Natural Insecticide Against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus.

BACKGROUND: Mosquitoes, as blood-feeding ectoparasites, are primary vectors for numerous pathogens that cause diseases such as dengue, lymphatic filariasis, malaria, chikungunya, and Japanese encephalitis in India. Due to the increasing resistance to synthetic insecticides, there is growing interest in developing phytochemical-based insecticides. This study aimed to evaluate the mosquitocidal potential of the hexane leaf extract of Sphaeranthus indicus, isolate its bioactive compound, and assess its ovicidal, larvicidal, and pupicidal efficacy against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus.

Standing genetic variation underlies divergence of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunits among cryptic species of the Anopheles gambiae complex.

Arthropod species differ in insecticide susceptibility, yet how pre-existing polymorphism at target sites shapes variable responses within and among populations remains poorly understood. Recently diverged taxa provide ideal systems to test how target-site divergence modulates species sensitivity. Using whole-genome sequencing data from 573 mosquitoes representing six cryptic species of the Anopheles gambiae complex, we analyzed standing genetic variation across all 11 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) subunit genes to establish a baseline for natural diversity before the large-scale de

Spinosyn α4, a potential insecticide against Plutella xylostella from Saccharopolyspora sp. AN150100.

Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. alba) are global staples. The diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), a serious pest that causes billions of dollars in economic loss globally. Climate change has increased its survival and reproductive potential, boosting its range and population density. The development of resistance to commercial insecticides, such as spinetoram and spinosad, make pest management more difficult. Biopesticides are promising alternatives owing to their environmental compatibility and target specificity. This study aimed to i

Comparative Toxicity and Residual Activity of Botanical and Synthetic Insecticides Against Multiple Life Stages of Aleurodicus dispersus (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae).

The spiraling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is a highly polyphagous and invasive pest that poses serious challenges to crop protection, particularly in tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. Given the rising concern over pesticide resistance and environmental risks associated with conventional insecticides, this study was conducted under controlled laboratory conditions to compare the efficacy of selected botanicals, fish oil rosin soap (FORS), organic salt, and synthetic insecticides against multiple life stages of A. dispersus. Standardized bioassays-incl