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Neural Stem Cells in Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for CNS Repair and Translational Hurdles.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, immune-mediated, neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and axonal destruction. MS impacts about 2.6 million individuals worldwide, typically presenting a wide array of clinical manifestations, such as motor, sensory, visual, and dementia, often leading to progressive disability. This progressive condition and the accumulation of handicaps draw attention to a crucial unmet need for therapies able to preserve neurons, encourage myelin regeneration, and restore neurological function. Althou…

How to detect and track chronic neurologic sequelae of COVID-19? Use of auditory brainstem responses and neuroimaging for long-term patient follow-up.

This review intends to provide an overview of the current knowledge on neurologic sequelae of COVID-19 and their possible etiology, and, bas … suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection may lead to brain cell degeneration and demyelination similar to multiple sclerosis (MS). Hence, current evidence warrants further evaluation and long-term follow-up of possible neurologic sequelae in COVID-19 patients. It may be particularly relevant to evaluate brainstem integrity in recovered patients, as it is suspected that th …

The L-coding region of the DA strain of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus causes dysfunction and death of myelin-synthesizing cells.

The DA strain and other members of the TO subgroup of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) induce an early transient subclinical … demyelination of other diseases in which an immune-mediated mechanism has been stressed, including multiple sclerosis.

VP1 DNA sequences of JC and BK viruses detected in urine of systemic lupus erythematosus patients reveal no differences from strains expressed in normal individuals.

The ubiquitous human polyomaviruses BK (BKV) and JC (JCV) persist with no adverse effects in immunocompetent individuals. Virus-induced pathogenesis has been linked to virus reactivation during impaired immune conditions. Previous studies have shown a significant difference between the VP1 DNA sequences of JCV obtained from control urine samples and those in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy brain samples. This difference could not be detected when comparing normal control urinary JCV DNA with DNA sequences from chronic progressive multiple sclerosis patients. Since BKV and JCV are re…

Пространственное профилирование белков показывает активную роль астроцитов в ядре хронического активного поражения во время множественного склероза.

Хронические активные повреждения являются проявлением множественного склероза (MS) и связаны с прогрессированием заболеваний. Хотя астроциты в значительной степени причастны к НР, мало что известно об их роли в повреждениях, особенно в ядре повреждения. В этой связи мы стремились получить представление о пространственной взаимосвязи между астроцитами и определенными районами хронических активных повреждений, а также лучше понять окружающую среду в относительно недостаточно изученном ядре повреждения, который состоит главным образом из астроцитов. Мы проанализировали четыре определенных белковы

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Chronic active lesions are a manifestation of multiple sclerosis (MS) and have been associated with disease progression. While astrocytes are heavily implicated in MS, little is known about their role in lesions, particularly in the lesion core. Here, we sought to gain insight into the spatial relationship between astrocytes and defined regions of chronic ac…

Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Akkermansia muciniphila: driving the multiple sclerosis-a systematic review.

The gut microbiota (GM) is a complex microbial ecosystem, and its alteration contributes to the development of several diseases including multiple sclerosis (MS). Progressive research concerning neurodegenerative diseases and GM reveals that GM dysbiosis has been linked to fostering the development and progression of MS. Among existing bacteria, F.prausnitzii and A.muciniphila are key species implicated in this disease. Thus, the present study systematically reviewed and synthesized the research on the involvement of F. prausnitzii and A. muciniphila in MS patients versus healthy individuals. …

Exploring the Link Between IL-6 rs1800795 G > C SNP and the Severity of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Multiple Sclerosis: Potential Impact on Cognitive Impairment.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated neurological disorder frequently accompanied by cognitive impairment, which affects up to 60% of patients and is associated with faster disease progression and greater disability. Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a key proinflammatory cytokine involved in neuroinflammation, has been implicated in MS pathogenesis, and the rs1800795 (-174 G>C) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the IL6 gene may influence disease susceptibility and clinical severity. This study investigated the association between the IL6 rs1800795 polymorphism and clinical outcomes …

Invited Review: From nose to gut - the role of the microbiome in neurological disease.

Inflammation and neurodegeneration are key features of many chronic neurological diseases, yet the causative mechanisms underlying these pro … nose, mouth, lung and gut - in health and in Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and multiple sclerosis (MS). This review systematically appraises the anatomical and microbiological landscape of each mucosal surface in health and disease before considering relevant mechanisms that may influence the initiation and progression of PD, AD and MS. The cumu …

Multiple Sclerosis and Obesity: Possible Roles of Adipokines.

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disorder of the Central Nervous System that has been associated with several environmental factors, such as diet and obesity. The possible link between MS and obesity has become more interesting in recent years since the discovery of the remarkable properties of adipose tissue. Once MS is initiated, obesity can contribute to increased disease severity by negatively influencing disease progress and treatment response, but, also, obesity in early life is highly relevant as a susceptibility factor and causally related risk for late MS development. The aim …

Quantitative magnetic resonance imaging reflects different levels of histologically determined myelin densities in multiple sclerosis, including remyelination in inactive multiple sclerosis lesions.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of focal or diffuse myelin damage or remyelination may provide important insights into disease progression and potential treatment efficacy in multiple sclerosis (MS). We performed post-mortem MRI and histopathological myelin measurements in seven progressive MS cases to evaluate the ability of three myelin-sensitive MRI scans to distinguish different stages of MS pathology, particularly chronic demyelinated and remyelinated lesions. At 3 Tesla, we acquired two different myelin water imaging (MWI) scans and magnetisation transfer ratio (MTR) data. Histopatholog…

Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging Shows Similar Cerebral Axonal Damage in Patients with HIV Infection and Multiple Sclerosis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: In this pilot study, we sought to investigate the pathological changes in the white matter (WM) of medically complex, combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)-treated patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), comparing them to patients with long-standing, secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). METHODS: Using diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI)-derived WM tract integrity (WMTI) metrics, 15 HIV and 15 age- and sex-matched SPMS patients with similar disease duration underwent magnetic resonance imaging analysis. Maps of WMTI metrics were created. Tract-bas…

Пространственно решённая профессию сопоставимого мышечного и мозгового воспаления.

Технологии пространственной омики позволяют с высокой разрешающей способностью картировать транскриптомные, протеомные и метаболические профили в неповрежденных тканях, демонстрируя, как иммунные, стромальные и паренхимальные клетки взаимодействуют на месте во время воспаления. Хроническое воспаление скелетной мышцы и центральная нервная система пространственно организованы в определенных нишах, которые формируют прогрессирование заболеваний и терапевтическое реагирование. В мускулах скелета пространственный анализ выявил специфическую волокнами уязвимость, регенеративные траектории и иммуно-т

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Spatial omics technologies enable high-resolution mapping of transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolic profiles within intact tissues, reveal … n the central nervous system, these approaches have revealed compartmentalized neuroinflammation in multiple sclerosis, innate immune activation in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and immune evasion in glioma. Integration with single-cell gene expression enables inference of cell-cell communication networks and identification of spatial gradients of immune activation …

Epigenetic Orchestration of Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Possible Target for Curcumin as a Therapeutic.

Epigenetic modulations play a major role in gene expression and thus are responsible for various physiological changes including age-associa … age-associated neurological disorders such as PD, AD, HD, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), and Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and describes the neuroprotective effects of curcumin in the treatment and/or prevention of these neurodegenerative diseases by regulation of the epigenetic machinery.

Increased Pro-Thrombotic Platelet Activity Associated with Thrombin/PAR1-Dependent Pathway Disorder in Patients with Secondary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis.

Epidemiological studies confirm the high risk of ischemic events in multiple sclerosis (MS) that are associated with increased pro-thrombotic activity of blood platelets. The most potent physiological platelet agonist is thrombin, which activates platelets via cleavage of specific protease-activated receptors (PARs). Our current study is aimed to determine the potential genetics and proteomic abnormalities of PAR1 in both platelets and megakaryocytes, which may have thromboembolic consequences in the course of MS. The obtained results were correlated with the expression level of platelet and m…

Longitudinal optical coherence tomography study of optic atrophy in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis: Results from a clinical trial cohort.

BACKGROUND: Limited prospective information exists regarding spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS). OBJECTIVE: Document cross-sectional and longitudinal retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell plus inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) features of an SPMS clinical trial cohort. METHODS: Prospective, observational study using a 2-year randomized placebo-controlled SPMS trial cohort with yearly SD-OCT testing. Post hoc analysis determined influences of optic neuritis (ON), disease duration, and baseline SD-OCT on ann…

Картирование CD4+T разнообразия клеток в CSF для выявления эндофенотипов множественного склероза.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим подстрекательским заболеванием CNS с разнородными проявлениями. В настоящее время изучается вопрос о перспективных маркерах для ранней классификации НР. Более высокое диагностическое разрешение цереброспинной жидкости (CSF) может в значительной степени способствовать стратификации пациента, что должно иметь особенно важное значение для подгруппы пациентов с высоким риском перехода на курс прогрессивных заболеваний. Цель этого исследования состояла в том, чтобы определить, может ли спектральная цитометрия клеток CSF идентифицировать патогенный под

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory CNS disease with heterogeneous manifestation. Prognostic markers for early classification of MS are currently under investigation. Higher diagnostic resolution of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has the potential to contribute significantly to patient stratification, which should be especially important for a subgr…

Psychological Burden in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Sociodemographic and Clinical Determinants of Persistent Anxiety and Depression over a Six-Month Follow-Up.

Background/Objectives: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurological disease characterized by demyelination, inflammation, and autoimmunity, leading to progressive physical and psychological impairments. Anxiety and depression are among the most prevalent neuropsychiatric comorbidities in MS, significantly impacting patients' quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess the evolution of anxiety and depression in individuals with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) over a six-month follow-up period, identify associated factors, and explore potential predictors of these psycho…

Роль микроглии в множественном склерозе: последствия для лечения ингибиторами тиросина Брютона.

Множественный склероз (MS) — хроническое аутоиммунное заболевание, затрагивающее центральную нервную систему (CNS), характеризующееся воспалением и нейродегенерацией. Патофизиология MS, особенно его прогрессивные формы, включает различные клеточные компоненты, включая микроглию, являющиеся основными постоянными иммунными клетками CNS. В настоящем обзоре рассматривается роль микроглии в нейроинфламмации, ремонте тканей и нейронном гомеостазе, а также их участие в MS и изучаются потенциальные терапевтические стратегии, ориентированные на микроглиальную функцию.МЕТОДЫ: Поиск литературы, проведенн

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), characterized by inflammation and neurodegeneration. The pathophysiology of MS, especially its progressive forms, involves various cellular components, including microglia, the primary resident immune cells of the CNS. This review discusses the rol…

Epstein-Barr virus and multiple sclerosis: potential opportunities for immunotherapy.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) causing progressive disability. Many observations implicate Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in the pathogenesis of MS, namely universal EBV seropositivity, high anti-EBV antibody levels, alterations in EBV-specific CD8(+) T-cell immunity, increased spontaneous EBV-induced transformation of peripheral blood B cells, increased shedding of EBV from saliva and accumulation of EBV-infected B cells and plasma cells in the brain. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the role of EB…

The nature of multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has recently been classified according to its clinical course. Despite relapses and remissions, its course is invariably progressive, and the observed progression from the remitting-relapsing to the secondary progressive form represents the accumulation of permanent damage to the nervous system. Discussions of the nomenclatural position of Schilder's, Marburg's, and Baló's diseases, ignore the fact that the unique, pathognomonic, sharp-edged plaque of MS, is also the pathologic end-result in the three variants. Devic's disease or neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is quite diff…