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Comprehensive genome analysis of MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae in influent and effluent of a selected wastewater treatment plant.

This study investigates the antibiotic resistance profiles, virulence factors and genomic characteristics, of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates … (ESBLs) and resistance to other clinically relevant ˙antibiotics. Plasmid analysis unveiled various replicon types indicative of horizontal gene transfer mechanisms. Moreover, the identification of virulence genes implicated in adhesion, biofilm formation, and iron acquisition underscores the pathogenic potential of K. pneumoniae isolates in wastewater. In …

Двухвалентная самовычислительная вакцина РНК против желтой лихорадки и вирусов Зика.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Вирусы желтой лихорадки (YFV) и Zika (ZIKV) вызывают значительную заболеваемость и смертность, несмотря на наличие утвержденной вакцины против YFV и разработку многочисленных вакцин для ZIKV на сегодняшний день. Новые технологии могут улучшить доступ к вакцинам от этих патогенов. Ранее мы описали наноструктурированную липидную платформу для самовычисления РНК (саРНА) с идеальной термостабильностью и иммуногенностью, подходящую для профилактики тропических инфекционных заболеваний.МЕТОДЫ: Конструкции антигенных экспрессионных saRNA YFV и ZIKV prM-E были созданы с использованием венесу

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INTRODUCTION: Yellow fever (YFV) and Zika (ZIKV) viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality, despite the existence of an approved YFV … ssing saRNA constructs were created using a TC-83 strain Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus-based replicon and complexed with NLC by simple mixing. Monovalent and bivalent vaccine formulations were injected intramuscularly into C57BL/6 mice and Syrian golden hamsters, and the magnitude, durability, and protective efficacy of the resulting immune response …

Prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and genetic characterization of Listeria monocytogenes in the Korean pork production chain.

Listeria monocytogenes, a major foodborne pathogen, causes invasive listeriosis with a high mortality rate. Its distribution and genomic div … nce typing-defined CT4379 subgroup was widespread across all provinces and harbored repUS43 plasmid replicon and tetM within a horizontal gene-transfer structure, also found in other Listeria STs and bacterial species. All ST9 isolates carried a premature stop codon (PMSC) in inlA. Two Lineage I-ST224 isolates were evolutionary linked to the outbreak strai …

Comparative Genomic and Phylogenetic Analysis of Salmonella enterica Isolated From Donkey.

Salmonella is one of the most prevalent foodborne and zoonotic pathogens threatening global public health and food safety. Salmonella enteri … the XJS1 strain. Notably, XJP1 harbored a plasmid containing an IncFIB/IncFII incompatibility group replicon and carrying the spvBC operon, as well as the rck, TTSS, pefABCD, fdeC virulence genes, and gadX acid resistance transcriptional activators gene. Our findings suggest that this plasmid may be a critical virulence determinant in XJP1. In conclusion, …

Complete nucleotide sequence and comparative genomic analysis of microcin B17 plasmid pMccB17.

We present a comprehensive sequence and bioinformatic analysis of the prototypical microcin plasmid, pMccb17, which includes a definitive se … Prokka and subsequently manually reannotated using BLAST. The plasmid was assigned to the F2:A-:B- replicon type with a MOBF12 group conjugation system. A comparison with other IncFII plasmids revealed a large proportion of shared genes, particularly in the conjugative plasmid backbone. However, unlike many contemporary IncFII plasmids, pMccB17 lacks tran …

Myrtus communis L. Essential Oil Exhibits Antiviral Activity against Coronaviruses.

Human coronaviruses are a continuous threat to the human population and have limited antiviral treatments, and the recent COVID-19 pandemic … but not on SARS-CoV-2. Artificial bacterial chromosome plasmids that expressed SARS-CoV-2 used for replicon-to determine viral replication and viral assembly/egress on HEK293T/17 cells-and virus-like particles on Huh7.5-AT cells-to determine viral entry and assembly/egress-showed no antiviral activity with MEO in comparison to Remdesivir. This study revea …

A Therapeutic Vaccine Targeting Rat BORIS (CTCFL) for the Treatment of Rat Breast Cancer Tumors.

Cancer testis antigens are ideal for tumor immunotherapy due to their testis-restricted expression. We previously showed that an immunotherapeutic vaccine targeting the germ cell-specific transcription factor BORIS (CTCFL) was highly effective in treating aggressive breast cancer in the 4T1 mouse model. Here, we further tested the therapeutic efficacy of BORIS in a rat 13762 breast cancer model. We generated a recombinant VEE-VRP (Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis-derived replicon particle) vector-expressing modified rat BORIS lacking a DNA-binding domain (VRP-mBORIS). Rats were inoculated with t…

Dramatic increase in slaughter condemnations due to Escherichia coli ST23 and ST101 within the Danish broiler production.

Escherichia coli constitutes a major challenge to poultry even when the prevalence of colibacillosis is low. Additionally, specific E. coli … d and characterised by multi-locus sequence typing, virulence and resistance gene presence, plasmid replicon content and phylogenetic analysis. Productivity data from outbreak flocks revealed a mortality of 6.34% ± 3.74 and a condemnation of 5.04% ± 3.67. Contrary, the numbers were 3.18% ± 1.57% and 1.02% ± 0.4 among non-outbreak flocks, respectively. Majo …

Возвращение артесуната, противомалярийного препарата, в качестве потенциального ингибитора вируса гепатита Е.

Вирус гепатита Е (ГЭМ) носит эндемический характер в ряде развивающихся стран Африки и Азии. В основном это приводит к самоограничению передаваемых через воду инфекций либо в эпизодической форме, либо в форме вспышки. Недавно было показано, что ГЭМ вызывает хронические инфекции у лиц, страдающих иммунодепрессией. Рибавирин и интерферон, которые в настоящее время не имеют маркировки для лечения гепатита Е, имеют несколько побочных эффектов. Поэтому необходимы новые лекарства. Мы провели оценку антималярийного артесуната (ART) на основе генотипа 1 ГЭМ (HEV-1) и HEV-3 с использованием системы кле

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is endemic in several developing countries of Africa and Asia. It mainly causes self-limiting waterborne infections, … uated the antimalarial drug artesunate (ART) against genotype 1 HEV (HEV-1) and HEV-3 using a virus-replicon-based cell culture system. ART exhibited 59% and 43% inhibition of HEV-1 and HEV-3, respectively, at the highest nontoxic concentration. Computational molecular docking analysis showed that ART can bind to the helicase active site (affinity score, - …

Characterisation of plasmids harbouring qnrA1, qnrS1, and qnrB4 in E. coli isolated in the Philippines from food-producing animals and their products.

OBJECTIVES: Determinants showing plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance, which usually leads to antimicrobial ineffectiveness, have become an … -positive isolates were assigned to incompatibility groups by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based replicon typing, and the presence of β-lactamase-encoding genes were investigated by PCR. Localisation of qnr in plasmids was determined by S1-PFGE and Southern blot hybridisation. The transferability of qnr-carrying plasmids was examined by conjugation anal …

Genomic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in mcr-carrying ESBL-producing Escherichia coli from pigs and humans.

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was conducted to characterize mcr-carrying extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (n=7). These E. coli isolates originated from two pigs (TH2 and TH3) and two humans (TH8 and TH9) from Thailand, and three pigs from Lao PDR (LA1, LA2 and LA3). Four E. coli sequence types/serotypes - ST6833/H20 (TH2 and TH3), ST48/O160:H40 (TH8 and TH9), ST5708/H45 (LA1) and ST10562/O148:H30 (LA2 and LA3) - were identified. The plasmid replicon type IncF was identified in all isolates. The point mutations Ser31Thr in PmrA and His2Arg in PmrB were found co…

Characterization of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) present in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.

Despite common resistance to antimicrobials in Escherichia coli isolates from farm animals in Serbia, no data are currently accessible on it … e detected in E. coli isolates with AmpC phenotype and genotype. One isolate carried the Inc I2/FIB replicon type plasmid with the blaCTX-M-1 gene. Nine isolates had blaCMY-2 genes, which were detected on conjugative plasmids in seven isolates. The virulence genes hly, iroN, iss, ompT and cvaC were detected in one transconjugant. Ten isolates were found to …

A high throughput reporter virus particle microneutralization assay for quantitation of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies in multiple species.

Zika virus is a Flavivirus, transmitted via Aedes mosquitos, that causes a range of symptoms including Zika congenital syndrome. Zika has po … se). This is the first characterization of a Zika virus RVP assay in 384-well format using a Dengue replicon Renilla reporter construct. Serially diluted test sera were incubated with RVPs, followed by incubation with Vero cells. RVPs that have not been neutralized by antibodies in the test sera entered the cells and expressed Renilla luciferase. Quantitat …

Trends and molecular characteristics of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Japanese hospital from 2006 to 2015.

BACKGROUND: The increasing number of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) has become a global problem. Most carbapenemases detec … analyzed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing, multilocus sequence typing, conjugal experiments, replicon typing, and plasmid profiling by restriction enzyme treatment. RESULTS: The CPE detection rate in Kitasato University Hospital within the past 10 years was 0.0003% (nine CPE strains). These nine CPE strains were identified to harbor 8 blaIMP-1 or 1 …

Epidemic spread of IncI1/pST113 plasmid carrying the Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) blaCTX-M-8 gene in Escherichia coli of Brazilian cattle.

INTRODUCTION: The prevalence of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae is increasing worldwide and the Agri-Fo … plicons were sequenced, clonality was assessed by PFGE and MLST, and plasmids were characterized by replicon typing, S1-PFGE and Southern blot hybridizations. Transferability of ESBL genes was assessed by conjugation assay. RESULTS: A total of 40 ESBL-producing E. coli were characterized, which originated from 34/191 animals (17.8 %) and 15/22 farms (68.2 …

Dynamics of clonal and plasmid backgrounds of Enterobacteriaceae producing acquired AmpC in Portuguese clinical settings over time.

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this work was to provide detailed molecular data on clinically acquired AmpC (qAmpC)-producing Enterobacteriace … -field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Multilocus sequence typing (MLST)) and plasmid (S1-/I-CeuI-PFGE, replicon typing, hybridization) analysis were performed by standard methods. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was performed in two ST11-Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates harbouring DHA-1. RESULTS: The occurrence of qAmpC was lower (2.6%) than that observed in a p …

Outbreak of Efficiently Transferred Carbapenem-Resistant blaNDM-Producing Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated from Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of an Indian Hospital.

The emergence of blaNDM particularly in Gram-negative bacteria is a burden on the health care system in developing countries. Hence, this st … he blaNDM-producing isolates contained detectable plasmids of size 66, 38, and 6 kb. Plasmi/d-based replicon typing revealed the incompatibility types Inc (A/C, FIIA, FIC, K, F, W, FIA, P, X, FIB, B/O) in blaNDM-carrying isolates. This study revealed the outbreak of multiple variants of blaNDM (13 NDM-1, 4 NDM-5, and 1 NDM-7). Moreover, other resistance ma …

Antiviral screen identifies EV71 inhibitors and reveals camptothecin-target, DNA topoisomerase 1 as a novel EV71 host factor.

Enterovirus 71 (EV71) is one of the causative agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) associated with severe neurological disease. EV7 … omerase 1 (TOP1) inhibitor, inhibits both viral RNA replication and translation based on luciferase replicon studies. Depletion of TOP1 using siRNA was then able to rescue EV71 infection from camptothecin inhibition. Interestingly, EV71 viral RNA replication and translation were also in TOP1 depleted cells. We found that nuclear TOP1 was relocalized to cyt …

Functional Behavior of NKp46-Positive Intrahepatic Natural Killer Cells Against Hepatitis C Virus Reinfection After Liver Transplantation.

BACKGROUND: NKp46 expression in natural killer (NK) cells has recently been shown to affect the responsiveness to antiviral treatment in hep … the CD56 and CD56 fractions compared with peripheral blood NK cells. In the assays using a Huh7-HCV replicon system, anti-HCV activity was induced via recognition of the NK cell receptors, including NKp46, NKp30, and NKG2D, which was demonstrated by the use of monoclonal antibodies that neutralized neutralizing molecules. Unexpectedly, the density of NKp46 …

Unimpaired immunogenicity of yeast-expressed hepatitis B surface antigen stored at elevated temperatures.

Global adoption of hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccines has greatly reduced new HBV infections. Current HBV vaccines are liquid suspensions cont … no serum HBsAg was detected in vaccinated mice on Day 1 post-hydrodynamic injection (HDI) of an HBV replicon plasmid and onwards, accompanied with an increasing anti-HBsAg antibody (HBsAb) level. In contrast, serum HBsAg in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)-injected mice peaked on Day 4 post-HDI and was cleared on Day 14 post-HDI, which coincided with appear …