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Exploring beyond clinical routine SARS-CoV-2 serology using MultiCoV-Ab to evaluate endemic coronavirus cross-reactivity.

The humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 is a benchmark for immunity and detailed analysis is required to understand the manifestation and progression of COVID-19, monitor seroconversion within the general population, and support vaccine development. The majority of currently available commercial serological assays only quantify the SARS-CoV-2 antibody response against individual antigens, limiting our understanding of the immune response. To overcome this, we have developed a multiplex immunoassay (MultiCoV-Ab) including spike and nucleocapsid proteins of SARS-CoV-2 and the endemic human cor…

Epitope-based peptide vaccines predicted against novel coronavirus disease caused by SARS-CoV-2.

The outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people with a large number of deaths across the globe. The existing therapies are limited in dealing with SARS-CoV-2 due to the sudden appearance of the virus. Therefore, vaccines and antiviral medicines are in desperate need. We took immune-informatics approaches to identify B- and T-cell epitopes for surface glycoprotein (S), membrane glycoprotein (M) and nucleocapsid protein (N) of SARS-CoV-2, followed by estimating their antigenicity and interactions with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles. Allergenicit…

The role of capsid in the flaviviral life cycle and perspectives for vaccine development.

The arthropod-borne flaviviruses cause a series of diseases in humans and pose a significant threat to global public health. In this review, we aimed to summarize the structure of the capsid protein (CP), its relevant multiple functions in the viral life cycle and innovative vaccines targeting CP. The flaviviral CP is the smallest structural protein and forms a homodimer by antiparallel α-helixes. Its primary function is to package the genomic RNA; however, both steps of assembly and dissociation of nucleocapsid complexes (NCs) have been obscure until now; in fact, flaviviral budding is NC-fre…

Japanese encephalitis virus infects neuronal cells through a clathrin-independent endocytic mechanism.

Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne pathogenic flavivirus responsible for acute viral encephalitis in humans. The cellular … arkers showed that JEV traffics through Rab5-positive early endosomes and that release of the viral nucleocapsid occurs at the level of the early and not the late endosomes.

Pathogenesis and phylogenetic analyses of canine distemper virus strain ZJ7 isolate from domestic dogs in China.

A new isolate of canine distemper virus (CDV), named ZJ7, was isolated from lung tissues of a dog suspected with CDV infection using MDCK ce … ompared with the original virus from the fresh tissues. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses for the nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P) and receptor binding haemagglutinin (H) gene of the ZJ7 isolate clearly showed it is joins to the Asia 1 group cluster of CDV strains, the predominant genotype in China.

Dugbe nairovirus S segment: correction of published sequence and comparison of five isolates.

The sequence of the S (small) RNA segment of the ArD 44313 isolate of Dugbe nairovirus (DUG) has been redetermined, and a number of apparent errors in the previously reported sequence (V. K. Ward, A. C. Marriott, A. A. El-Ghorr, and P. A. Nuttall, 1990, Virology 175, 518-524) were revealed. Our results indicate that the S RNA is 1716 nucleotides (nt) in length and contains one large open reading frame spanning 1449 nt. This can encode a 483 amino acid polypeptide, M(r) 53.9 kDa, corresponding to the viral nucleocapsid protein N. The DUG N protein is thus similar in length to the N proteins of …

Virus and host cell-dependent variation in transcription of the mumps virus genome.

Evidence has been presented that generation of polycistronic readthrough RNAs in mumps virus-infected cells is not a simple stochastic process with strain-dependent variations in the generation of certain readthrough products, but that this process is affected by host as well as viral factors. RNAs extracted from infected Vero cells or chicken embryo fibroblast (CEF) cells have been analysed by Northern blotting with virus-specific probes for the nucleocapsid (N), phosphoprotein (P), matrix (M), fusion (F), small hydrophobic (SH) and haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) genes. Vero cells infected…

Бакуловирусное выражение генома М вируса лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли и изучение антигенных и иммуногенных свойств выраженных белков.

С помощью переносных векторов pac373 или pacYM1 были подготовлены аутографы калифорнийских ядерных полигедрозных рекомбинантов, содержащих информацию о кодировании вирусов лихорадки Рифт-Вэлли (RVFV), гликопротеинов (G1 и G2) и различные количества последовательности кодирования прегликопротеинов. Продукты экспрессии были обработаны для получения белков, неотличимых от подлинных G1 и G2 с помощью геля электрофореза. Иммуногенные свойства выраженных белков оценивались путем иммунизации мышей и с помощью RVFV. Единственная вакцинация с лизатами клеток, инфицированных рекомбинантами, выражающими

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis viral recombinants containing coding information for the Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) envelope … Survivors displayed elevated antibody titers to G1 and G2 and also developed antibodies to the RVFV nucleocapsid protein, the latter allowing discrimination from vaccinated mice and indicating that animals had survived infection. Nonimmune mice were protected from lethal RVFV infection by passive transfer of sera from animals immunized with recombinant antigen …

Contribution to laboratory diagnosis of mumps and parainfluenza.

Specific IgM and IgG antibodies to mumps virus (MV) were detected in sera of mumps-patients by ELISA in agreement with the results obtained … 30.7% of these sera cross-reacted with MV antigens. The cross-reactions were eliminated by using MV-nucleocapsid antigen in indirect ELISA, or in direct ELISA using the peroxidase-labelled whole virion antigen. In some children under two years of age a discrepancy was observed between the significant increase of serum antibodies in HI and the inability to dete …

Effect of incorporation of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine into HSV-1 DNA on virion sensitivity to ultraviolet light.

First generation progeny herpes simplex type 1 (HSV-1) virions grown in the presence of 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IdUrd) were irradiated with … ons to express delayed early viral enzymes (thymidine kinase, DNA polymerase). It is suggested that nucleocapsid proteins or the highly ordered structure of IdUrd-substituted virions play a key role in u.v. desensitization, either by the formation of non-lethal photoproducts or by the prevention of the formation of DNA-uracilyl free radicals.

Detection of measles virus RNA in lymphocytes from peripheral-blood and brain perivascular infiltrates of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.

To clarify the relation between lymphocytes and measles virus in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, we used in situ hybridization and a cloned measles virus DNA probe, specific for nucleocapsid protein, to detect measles virus RNA sequences in circulating lymphocytes and brain perivascular cuffs of patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. Seventy to 90 per cent of peripheral mononuclear cells from three such patients were found to contain measles virus RNA sequences. In contrast, only a few infected cells were observed in four seropositive adults (0.1 to 5 per cent) and three age-m…

Molecular dissection of the humoral immune response to individual varicella-zoster viral proteins during chickenpox, quiescence, reinfection, and reactivation.

The sequence of antibody formation to molecularly defined varicella-zoster virus (VZV) proteins was examined during the course of chickenpox, quiescence, and subsequent VZV reactivation and reinfection. The first antibodies produced after primary VZV infection were to two virion envelope glycoproteins, gp66 and gp118 , and the nucleocapsid protein p155 . Within one to two months, antibodies to a greater array of viral proteins and glycoproteins were observed. Antibodies to the immunodominant viral proteins ( gp66 , gp118 , and p155 ) persisted for years after varicella and were, therefore, exc…

Hepatitis B virus entry, assembly, and egress.

SUMMARYHepatitis B virus (HBV) is an important human pathogen that chronically infects approximately 250 million people in the world, resulting in ~1 million deaths annually. This virus is a hepatotropic virus and can cause severe liver diseases including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The entry of HBV into hepatocytes is initiated by the interaction of its envelope proteins with its receptors. This is followed by the delivery of the viral nucleocapsid to the nucleus for the release of its genomic DNA and the transcription of viral RNAs. The assembly of the viral capsid particles may …

A multiplex fluorescence microsphere immunoassay for increased understanding of Rift Valley fever immune responses in ruminants in Kenya.

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is an important mosquito-borne pathogen with devastating impacts on agriculture and public health. With outbr … re immunoassay (FMIA) for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies in ruminant sera against the RVFV nucleocapsid Np, glycoprotein Gn, and non-structural protein NSs. Sheep and cattle sera from a region in Kenya with previous outbreaks were tested by FMIA and two commercially available competitive ELISAs (BDSL and IDvet). Our results revealed strong detection o …

Transsynaptic spread of varicella zoster virus through the visual system: a mechanism of viral dissemination in the central nervous system.

We report a patient with pathologic evidence of anterograde spread of varicella zoster virus (VZV) through the visual system. A 29-year-old … rus, and Epstein-Barr virus were negative. Electron microscopy revealed characteristic herpes group nucleocapsids. This case provides insight into the mechanisms of virus dissemination and the production of encephalitis.

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. X. Demonstration of nucleoprotein on the surface of infected cells.

Of a total of 17 monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed against structural proteins of the lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) virus, 3 were sp … ed by limited proteolysis the label was attached to the smallest peptide thus obtained. If purified nucleocapsids were labeled with 125I, digested as before, and incubated with an anti-p63 MAb that has the ability to bind the surface of the infected cell, a similarly small peptide was precipitated; an antibody specific for p63 but not recognizing it on the cel …

Partial characterization of viral DNA from human genital warts (Condylomata acuminata).

By centrifuging total cellular DNA derived from human genital warts (condylomata acuminata) in CsCl-ethidium bromide gradients, supercoiled … n microscopy, it was concluded that the supercoiled DNA molecules were derived from papilloma virus nucleocapsids. Positive hybridization was found with six additional preparations from individual genital warts. Therefore, it seems that the isolated DNA prevails in condylomata acuminata. The DNA is different from the other five types of human papilloma viruses …

Preliminary Identification of Potential Vaccine Targets for the COVID-19 Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Based on SARS-CoV Immunological Studies.

The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19 outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavir … teins of SARS-CoV, we identified a set of B cell and T cell epitopes derived from the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins that map identically to SARS-CoV-2 proteins. As no mutation has been observed in these identified epitopes among the 120 available SARS-CoV-2 sequences (as of 21 February 2020), immune targeting of these epitopes may potentially offer p …

Interplay of Antibody and Cytokine Production Reveals CXCL13 as a Potential Novel Biomarker of Lethal SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is impacting the global population. This study was designed to assess the interplay of antibodies with the cytokine response in SARS-CoV-2 patients. We demonstrate that significant levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody to receptor binding domain (RBD), nucleocapsid, and spike S1 subunit of SARS-CoV-2 develop over the first 10 to 20 days of infection. The majority of patients produced antibodies against all three antigens (219/255 SARS-CoV-2+ patient specimens, 86%), suggesting a broad response to viral proteins. Antibody levels to SARS-CoV-2 antigens were different based o…