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Trends in Kampo Medicine Usage as Supportive Care During Anticancer Drug Treatment in Japanese Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis from Fiscal Years 2015 to 2021.

The adverse effects of anticancer drugs significantly impact the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy, necessitating evidence-based supportive therapies. In Japan, Kampo medicines, traditional Japanese herbal therapies used for relief of various symptoms, have been widely used as complementary and alternative treatments for cancer, despite limited evidence regarding their efficacy and safety. Thus, we investigated the actual use of Kampo medicines as supportive care in patients undergoing anticancer drug treatment and evaluated the trends in prescription according to year. We an

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… Among the patients prescribed Daikenchuto, the top five anticancer drugs were gemcitabine (895 patients, 19.0%), oxaliplatin (864 patients, 18.4%), cisplatin (787 patients, 16.7%), tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (719 patients, 15.3%), and carboplatin (671 patients, 14.3%). … Hangeshashinto is frequently prescribed to patients undergoing chemotherapy regimens, including irinotecan, oxaliplatin, fluorouracil, tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium, and levofolinate. …

Combined analysis of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 expression predicts survival of pancreatic carcinoma patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine plus S-1 chemotherapy after surgical resection.

BACKGROUND: Although postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) improves survival in some patients, the effectiveness varies by individual, and the results remain unsatisfying. The aim of this study was to investigate whether intratumoral dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and human equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (hENT1) expression can predict the survival of PDAC patients treated with adjuvant gemcitabine plus S-1 (GEM+S-1) chemotherapy. METHODS: Intratumoral DPD and hENT1 expression were examined by immunohistochemistry in 86 PDAC patients who

Methylation of drug resistance-related genes in chemotherapy-sensitive Epstein-Barr virus-associated gastric cancer.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (GC) is associated with a high degree of DNA methylation. However, the association between chemotherapy susceptibility and tumor DNA methylation in advanced diseases remains unclear. The comprehensive DNA methylation status of GC cells obtained from an advanced EBV-associated GC (EBVGC) case, in which complete response to S-1 plus cisplatin chemotherapy was achieved, was analyzed using a DNA methylation microarray. We compared DNA methylation of GC cells with public data and identified genes with higher methylation in EBVGC cell lines than in

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis of SOX Plus Bevacizumab Versus SOX Plus Cetuximab for First-Line Treatment of KRAS Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in Japan.

PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of S-1 and oxaliplatin (SOX) plus bevacizumab (Bmab group) compared with SOX plus cetuximab (Cmab group) as a first-line treatment for patients with Kirsten rat sarcoma virus (KRAS) wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in Japan from the perspective of healthcare payers. METHODS: A partitioned survival model was developed using data from the randomized phase II Osaka Multicenter Study Group on Colorectal Cancer-1107 study, which included overall survival, progression-free survival, and treatment regimens for the Bmab

Successful Immunotherapy for Pancreatic Cancer in a Patient With TSC2 and SMAD4 Mutations: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer has a poor prognosis, and it is traditionally treated with chemotherapy. Fortunately, immunotherapy has rapidly changed the landscape of solid tumor treatment, and improving the survival of cancer patients. However, pancreatic cancer is non-immunogenic, and single agent immunotherapies are unfavorable to its prognosis. CASE PRESENTATION: Here, we report a case of stage IV pancreatic cancer in a patient with TSC2 and SMAD4 mutations treated with immunotherapy when the disease progressed after multi-line chemotherapy. Next generation sequencing (NGS) confirmed the

Cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) for management of massive malignant ascites in gastric cancer patients with peritoneal metastasis treated with intravenous and intraperitoneal paclitaxel with oral S-1.

BACKGROUND: Massive malignant ascites originating from peritoneal metastasis of gastric cancer is difficult to control and resistant to chemotherapy. Cell-free and Concentrated Ascites Reinfusion Therapy (CART) is one of the types of apheresis therapy, by which filtered and concentrated ascites containing albumin and globulin is reinfused intravenously to patients. We retrospectively studied the feasibility of intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy combined with CART in gastric cancer patients with massive malignant ascites. METHODS: Paclitaxel (PTX) was administered via an IP access port implante

Retrospective cohort study on the safety and efficacy of bevacizumab with chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients: the HGCSG0801 study.

OBJECTIVE: After approval of bevacizumab in Japan, post-marketing surveillance studies reported on safety. However, few reports have shown the efficacy of bevacizumab as used in daily practice. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab for metastatic colorectal cancer patients in daily practice. METHODS: All unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer patients who began receiving bevacizumab in participating facilities from June 2007 to October 2008 were retrospectively analyzed for safety and efficacy. Adverse events were assessed by the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology C

Addition of sintilimab to nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel and S-1 as adjuvant therapy in stage IIIC gastric cancer.

The prognosis of stage III gastric cancer (GC) is not satisfying and the specific chemotherapy regimens for GC of stage IIIC based on the 8th edition of the UICC/AJCC TNM staging system are still inconclusive. Peritoneal recurrence is the common and severe relapse pattern. Nanoparticle albumin-bound paclitaxel (Nab-PTX) is safer and more effective than PTX in the peritoneal metastasis. Clinical trial has demonstrated the safety and efficacy of sintilimab in GC. A combination of Nab-PTX, S-1 and sintilimab could be a promising triplet regimen as adjuvant therapy for GC. The aim of this article

New cancer medicines in Europe 2010-2020: comparison of medicines with or without extensions of indications.

IntroductionDuring the last decade, extensions of therapeutic indications have been one of the most common methods to extend the lifecycle of a medical product in the post-authorisation phase and to increase the use and sales of medicines. The aim of this study was to gain understanding of the lifecycle of cancer medicines and especially the role and level of evidence extensions in comparison to first indications.Materials and methodsWe identified all new outpatient cancer medicines approved by the European Medicines Agency between 2010 and 2020 and the extensions to their indications. We comp

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… *In addition to designs presented, one medicine’s (tegafur combination) extension is based on a meta-analysis. MA, marketing authorisation. Medicines with extensions were more likely to have a conditional MA application than medicines without extensions (26% and 13%, respectively). … These medicines (tegafur combination, trifluridine and tipiracil, regorafenib and avapritinib) are not targeted to specific signalling pathways (like androgen receptors in prostate cancer or EML4-ALK [echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase] translocations in lung …

Narrative Review of Drug-Associated Nail Toxicities in Oncologic Patients.

IntroductionNail toxicity represents one of the most common cutaneous adverse effects of both classic chemotherapeutic agents and new oncologic drugs, including targeted treatments and immunotherapy.ObjectivesWe aimed to provide a comprehensive literature review of nail toxicities derived from conventional chemotherapeutic agents, targeted therapies (EGFR inhibitors, multikinase inhibitors, BRAF and MEK inhibitors) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including clinical presentation, implicated drugs and approaches for prevention and management.MethodsRetrieved literature from PubMed regis

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… Capecitabine and Tegafur are orally administered prodrugs especially used for colon and gastrointestinal neoplasms. … Capecitabine and tegafur also cause longitudinal melanonychia [ 16 ]; however, onycholysis and onychomadesis have only been seen with capecitabine [ 12 ] ( Table 2 ). …

Mushroom Polysaccharide-Assisted Anticarcinogenic Mycotherapy: Reviewing Its Clinical Trials.

Of the biologically active components, polysaccharides play a crucial role of high medical and pharmaceutical significance. Mushrooms have existed for a long time, dating back to the time of the Ancient Egypt and continue to be well explored globally and experimented with in research as well as in national and international cuisines. Mushroom polysaccharides have slowly become valuable sources of nutraceuticals which have been able to treat various diseases and disorders in humans. The application of mushroom polysaccharides for anticancer mycotherapy is what is being reviewed herein. The wide

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… In a randomized controlled study, the tegafur/combination of lentinan and tegafur significantly prolonged the overall survival rates. In Japan, during cancer chemotherapy on solid tumors, the patients administered lentinan had a significantly higher response rate (14.9%) than the patients without. … Clinical studies using schizophyllan combined with conventional chemotherapy (tegafur or mitomycin C and 5-fluorouracil) was applied to 367 patients with recurrent and inoperable gastric cancer, and an increase in the survival rates was evident [ 79 ], although this was inconsistent [ 80 ]. …

Mechanism and clinical progression of solid tumors bone marrow metastasis.

The rich blood supply of the bone marrow provides favorable conditions for tumor cell proliferation and growth. In the disease's early stages, circulating tumor cells can escape to the bone marrow and form imperceptible micro metastases. These tumor cells may be reactivated to regain the ability to grow aggressively and eventually develop into visible metastases. Symptomatic bone marrow metastases with abnormal hematopoiesis solid tumor metastases are rare and have poor prognoses. Treatment options are carefully chosen because of the suppression of bone marrow function. In this review, we summ

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… A 2015 study in Japan summarized 14 cases treated with Tegafur with OS for up to 8.1 months and well-tolerated by patients ( Iguchi, 2015 ). BMM of GC combined with DIC means a worse prognosis. … Our literature review found that Tegafur chemotherapy may be the best option for BMM in GC and may provide a survival benefit to patients. In the case of frequent life-threatening DIC, the effectiveness of chemotherapy is a critical factor in the survival time of patients. …

Expression of Bcl-2 19-kDa interacting protein 3 predicts prognosis after ampullary carcinoma resection.

BACKGROUND: An adequate management strategy for ampullary carcinoma (AC), a rare neoplasm, has yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to identify specific molecular markers allowing for the adequate management of AC. METHODS: The clinicopathological data of 41 patients who underwent curative resection of AC were reviewed retrospectively. The expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and Bcl-2 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), two sensitive markers for S-1 and gemcitabine, respectively, was evaluated immunohistochemically. The relationship between the expression levels of these mark

Anticancer drug prices and clinical outcomes: a cross-sectional study in Italy.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the prices of new anticancer drugs correlated with their relative benefit despite negotiation.DesignRetrospective cross-sectional study correlating new anticancer drugs prices with clinical outcomes.SettingWe did a retrospective cross-sectional study including all new anticancer drugs approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) (2010-2016) and reimbursed in Italy.Main outcomes and measuresInformation on clinical outcomes-in terms of median overall survival (OS), median progression-free survival (PFS) and objective response rate (ORR)-was extracted from pivot

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… Active substance | Clinical setting | Treatment group | Control group | PFS TRT (median in weeks) | PFS CRT (median in weeks) | OS TRT (median in weeks) | OS CRT (median in weeks) | ORR TRT (%) | ORR CRT (%) | Year first authorization | Official negotiated price (€) | Discounted price (€) Teysuno | Tegafur … /gimeracil/oteracil | Advanced gastric cancer in combination with cisplatin | Tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil 25 mg/m 2 +cisplatin 75 mg/m 2 | 5-fluorouracil 1000 mg/m 2 /24+ cisplatin 100 mg/m 2 | | | 34.4 | 31.6 | | | 2011 | 4942 | 3479 Jevtana | Cabazitaxel | Hormone-refractory metastatic prostate …

Stevens - Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis; Extensive Review of Reports of Drug-Induced Etiologies, and Possible Therapeutic Modalities.

Stevens - Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis are adverse hypersensitivity reactions that affect the skin and mucous membranes. They are characterised by erythematous macules and hemorrhagic erosions of the mucous membranes. Epidermal detachments of varying degrees of severity also occur in these conditions. Various aetiologies are associated with these conditions, with adverse drug reaction being the most common. Though the worldwide incidence of these conditions is recorded as low, diverse types of medication are being observed to lead to these conditions. This review compiles in

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… Tegafur/gimeracil/uracil (TS-1): A 78-year-old Japanese male presented with SJS eight days after treatment for carcinoma of the oral floor. Further tests showed an association between drug eruptions and antinuclear antibodies and positive drug-induced lymphocyte stimulation test [DLST] [ 60 ]. … Sawada Y Docetaxel-induced StevensJohnson syndrome with regenerating epidermis composed of atypical keratinocytes European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 2009 23 1333 1334 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03183.x PMid:19453796 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2009.03183.x 19453796 60 Minakawa S Tegafur …

Leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in gastric cancer: A Review.

Gastric cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LM) occurs in 0.06% of gastric cancers. As such, trials are difficult to power and quantitative analyses difficult to standardize. We composed a review and analysis of 47 recent cases to be used as a comprehensive resource for an oncologist faced with managing this highly morbid, rapidly fatal disease. Gold-standard of diagnosis of LM is through cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) cytology; MRI is the preferred imaging modality to identify LM. However, repeated lumbar punctures and imaging studies are often req

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… Age is listed in years, survival is listed in months M Male, F Female, itCTX Intrathecal chemotherapy, sCTX Systemic chemotherapy, RT Radiation therapy, BSC Best supportive care, MTX Methotrexate, S1 Tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil, VP shunt Ventriculoperitoneal shunt, apatient died from a traffic accident … 16 mg/day) Cho JH | 2021 | 59 | M | NR | itCTX Surgery | MTX Ommaya reservoir for itCTX Ali S | 2017 | 56 | F | NR | Surgery | Lateral vertriculostomy, then VP shunt Systemic therapy regimens included 5-fluorouricil based regimens with oxaliplatin, docetaxel, irinotecan (FLO, FOLFOX, FOLFIRI), S1 (tegafur …

Olecranon metastases from primary lung cancer: case report and review of the literature.

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… A case of recurrent lung cancer with bone metastases treated with tegafur-uracil and zoledronic acid for long-term survival. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2014; 41: 757–759 [In Japanese, English abstract]. 11. Sugiura H, Yamada K, Sugiura T, et al. …

Cost-effectiveness evidence on approved cancer drugs in Ireland: the limits of data availability and implications for public accountability.

BackgroundWe surveyed evidence published by Ireland's National Centre for Pharmacoeconomics (NCPE) on the cost-effectiveness of cancer drugs approved for funding within the Irish public healthcare system. The purpose is threefold: to assess the completeness and clarity of publicly available cost-effectiveness data of such therapies; to provide summary estimates of that data; to consider the implications of constraints on data availability for accountability regarding healthcare resource allocation.MethodsThe National Cancer Control Programme lists 91 drug-indication pairs approved between June

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… melanoma C43 Skin Yes Monoclonal antibodies Negative 2 Abiraterone Zytiga Janssen-Cilag Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer which has progressed on or after a docetaxel-based chemotherapy regimen C61 Prostate Yes Immunomodulating agents and other non-antineoplastic therapies Negative 3 Tegafur … pages Subsequent price negotiations 1 Ipilimumab Adults with advanced (unresectable or metastatic) malignant melanoma After HTA ODMS 11 3 Yes 2 Abiraterone Metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer which has progressed on or after a docetaxel-based chemotherapy regimen After HTA PCRS 7 5 Yes 3 Tegafur …

Tablet Acceptability in Older Outpatients Undergoing Cancer Chemotherapy.

Background/Objectives: Patient acceptability of oral anticancer drugs is a critical factor that influences treatment in older outpatients receiving cancer chemotherapy and plays a central role in enhancing adherence and treatment effectiveness. Identifying older outpatients receiving cancer chemotherapy who exhibit poor tablet acceptability before initiating oral anticancer therapy and offering alternative treatment options are beneficial. Therefore, we investigated the characteristics of patients with poor tablet acceptability by focusing on the tablet size, geriatric assessment, and polyphar

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… Polypharmacy has been reported to contribute to poor adherence to tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil potassium combination drug (S-1) in patients with gastric cancer [ 26 ]. The number of drugs that constitute polypharmacy is unclear. … If capecitabine is unacceptable, tegafur/gimeracil/oteracil (TS-1) has been approved in Asia, and equivalence between CAPOX and SOX regimens for gastric cancer has been reported [ 46 , 47 ]. …

Clinical management of squamous cell carcinoma associated with sinonasal inverted papilloma.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical features and prognosis of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) associated with sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP). METHODS: The medical records of 95 patients who were diagnosed with IP or SCC associated with IP were retrospectively reviewed. Out of 95 patients, 15 were diagnosed with SCC associated with IP. The clinical characteristics, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes of the patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The incidence of SCC associated with IP was 15.8%. Although differential diagnosis between IP and SCC a