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Osteoporosis and the Potential of Cell-Based Therapeutic Strategies.

Osteoporosis, the most common chronic metabolic bone disease, is characterized by low bone mass and increased bone fragility. Nowadays more than 200 million individuals are suffering from osteoporosis and still the number of affected people is dramatically increasing due to an aging population and longer life, representing a major public health problem. Current osteoporosis treatments are mainly designed to decrease bone resorption, presenting serious adverse effects that limit their safety for long-term use. Numerous studies with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have helped to increase the knowl

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… Anti-inflammatory protein TSG-6 secreted by activated MSCs attenuates zymosan-induced mouse peritonitis by decreasing TLR2/NF-κB signaling in resident macrophages Blood 2011 118 330 338 10.1182/blood-2010-12-327353 21551236 PMC3138686 200. Bernardo M.E. Fibbe W.E. …

Macrophage Activation Markers, CD163 and CD206, in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure.

Macrophages facilitate essential homeostatic functions e.g., endocytosis, phagocytosis, and signaling during inflammation, and express a variety of scavenger receptors including CD163 and CD206, which are upregulated in response to inflammation. In healthy individuals, soluble forms of CD163 and CD206 are constitutively shed from macrophages, however, during inflammation pathogen- and damage-associated stimuli induce this shedding. Activation of resident liver macrophages viz. Kupffer cells is part of the inflammatory cascade occurring in acute and chronic liver diseases. We here review the ex

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… However, a range of stimuli, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and zymosan, can increase CD163 shedding both in vivo and in vitro [ 7 , 9 , 30 , 31 ]. …

The 'speck'-tacular oversight of the NLRP3-pyroptosis pathway on gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases and tumorigenesis.

The NLRP3 inflammasome is an intracellular sensor and an essential component of the innate immune system involved in danger recognition. An important hallmark of inflammasome activation is the formation of a single supramolecular punctum, known as a speck, per cell, which is the site where the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 are converted into their bioactive form. Speck also provides the platform for gasdermin D protein activation, whose N-terminus domain perforates the plasma membrane, allowing the release of mature cytokines alongside with a highly inflammatory form of cell death

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… Examples include muramyl dipeptide, hemolysins, pore-forming toxins, such as nigericin, bacterial and viral nucleic acids, the fungal wall components zymosan and mannan, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), metabolic stress, alterations in cell volume, changes in calcium ion flux as well as exogenous stimuli …

Natural Modulators of Endosomal Toll-Like Receptor-Mediated Psoriatic Skin Inflammation.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease that can be initiated by excessive activation of endosomal toll-like receptors (TLRs), particularly TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9. Therefore, inhibitors of endosomal TLR activation are being investigated for their ability to treat this disease. The currently approved biological drugs adalimumab, etanercept, infliximab, ustekinumab, ixekizumab, and secukizumab are antibodies against effector cytokines that participate in the initiation and development of psoriasis. Several immune modulatory oligonucleotides and small molecular weight compounds, incl

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… TLR2 recognizes a broad range of microbial components, including peptidoglycan, lipoteichoic acids, lipoproteins, lipoarabinomannan, glycophosphatidylinositol anchors, prions, and zymosan [ 42 – 48 ]. …

Cannabidiol (CBD) in Cancer Management.

The plant Cannabis sativa has been in use medicinally for several thousand years. It has over 540 metabolites thought to be responsible for its therapeutic effects. Two of the key phytocannabinoids are cannabidiol (CBD) and tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Unlike THC, CBD does not have potentially intoxicating effects. Preclinical and clinical research indicates that CBD has a wide range of therapeutic effects, and many of them are relevant to the management of cancer. In this article, we explore some of the potential mechanisms of action of CBD in cancer, and evidence of its efficacy in the integr

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… anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of CBD in a rodent model: the shape of the dose-response curves changed from bell-shaped (anti-pain effect) or U-shaped (anti-inflammatory effect on paw swelling) for CBD isolate to linear (i.e., an increasing response with increasing dosage, reducing zymosan-induced …

Current Therapeutic Options for the Main Monogenic Autoinflammatory Diseases and PFAPA Syndrome: Evidence-Based Approach and Proposal of a Practical Guide.

Monogenic autoinflammatory diseases are rare conditions caused by genetic abnormalities affecting the innate immunity. Previous therapeutic strategies had been mainly based on results from retrospective studies and physicians' experience. However, during the last years, the significant improvement in their genetic and pathogenic knowledge has been accompanied by a remarkable progress in their management. The relatively recent identification of the inflammasome as the crucial pathogenic mechanism causing an aberrant production of interleukin 1β (IL-1β) in the most frequent monogenic autoinflamm

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… Involvement of secretory phospholipase A2 activity in the zymosan rat air pouch model of inflammation . Br J Pharmacol . ( 1996 ) 117 : 1773 – 9 . 10.1111/j.1476-5381.1996.tb15353.x 8732290 PMC1909548 34. Mansfield E Chae JJ Komarow HD Brotz TM Frucht DM Aksentijevich I . …

The emerging role of exosomes in innate immunity, diagnosis and therapy.

Exosomes, which are nano-sized transport bio-vehicles, play a pivotal role in maintaining homeostasis by exchanging genetic or metabolic information between different cells. Exosomes can also play a vital role in transferring virulent factors between the host and parasite, thereby regulating host gene expression and the immune interphase. The association of inflammation with disease development and the potential of exosomes to enhance or mitigate inflammatory pathways support the notion that exosomes have the potential to alter the course of a disease. Clinical trials exploring the role of exo

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… Among all these TLR-2 recognizes pathogens metabolites like lipoproteins/lipopeptides, peptidoglycan, glycosyphosphatidylinositol, phenol soluble modulin, zymosan and glycolipids ( 158 ). …

The Molecular Basis and Clinical Consequences of Chronic Inflammation in Prostatic Diseases: Prostatitis, Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia, and Prostate Cancer.

Chronic inflammation is now recognized as one of the major risk factors and molecular hallmarks of chronic prostatitis, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate tumorigenesis. However, the molecular mechanisms by which chronic inflammation signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of these prostate diseases are poorly understood. Previous efforts to therapeutically target the upstream (e.g., TLRs and IL1-Rs) and downstream (e.g., NF-κB subunits and cytokines) inflammatory signaling molecules in people with these conditions have been clinically ambiguous and unsatisfactory, hence foster

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… TLR1 can be activated by triacylated lipoprotein from bacteria, and atypical bacteria lipopolysaccharides (LPS), whereas TLR2 can recognize peptidoglycans (PDG) from Gram-positive bacteria, fungal (yeast) and bacterial zymosan, lipoteichoic acid (LTA) from Gram-positive bacterial, a glycoprotein from …

Why Is Wnt/β-Catenin Not Yet Targeted in Routine Cancer Care?

Despite significant progress in cancer prevention, screening, and treatment, the still limited number of therapeutic options is an obstacle towards increasing the cancer cure rate. In recent years, many efforts were put forth to develop therapeutics that selectively target different components of the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. These include small molecule inhibitors, antibodies, and more recently, gene-based approaches. Although some of them showed promising outcomes in clinical trials, the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is still not targeted in routine clinical practice for cancer mana

Cancer Vaccines for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the subtype of breast cancer with the poorest outcomes, and is associated with a high risk of relapse and metastasis. The treatment choices for this malignancy have been confined to conventional chemotherapeutic agents, due to a lack of expression of the canonical molecular targets. Immunotherapy has been recently changing the treatment paradigm for many types of tumors, and the approach of evoking active immune responses in the milieu of breast tumors through cancer vaccines has been introduced as one of the most novel immunotherapeutic approaches. Acco

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… Accordingly, a phase I dose-escalation trial of 24 non-metastatic TNBC patients is ongoing, where the α-La-vaccine as well as zymosan as an adjuvant are administered biweekly for 3 successively higher doses of the vaccine (10 to 1000 µg) to determine its safety, efficacy in inducing immunologic responses …

ECC-4 Abstracts

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The multiple roles of interferon regulatory factor family in health and disease.

Interferon Regulatory Factors (IRFs), a family of transcription factors, profoundly influence the immune system, impacting both physiological and pathological processes. This review explores the diverse functions of nine mammalian IRF members, each featuring conserved domains essential for interactions with other transcription factors and cofactors. These interactions allow IRFs to modulate a broad spectrum of physiological processes, encompassing host defense, immune response, and cell development. Conversely, their pivotal role in immune regulation implicates them in the pathophysiology of v

Neutrophil extracellular traps in homeostasis and disease.

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), crucial in immune defense mechanisms, are renowned for their propensity to expel decondensed chromatin embedded with inflammatory proteins. Our comprehension of NETs in pathogen clearance, immune regulation and disease pathogenesis, has grown significantly in recent years. NETs are not only pivotal in the context of infections but also exhibit significant involvement in sterile inflammation. Evidence suggests that excessive accumulation of NETs can result in vessel occlusion, tissue damage, and prolonged inflammatory responses, thereby contributing to the

ESICM LIVES 2016: part three : Milan, Italy. 1–5 October 2016

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ISEV2025 Резюме книги.

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ISEV2018 абстрактная книга

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Abstracts cont.

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45th International Symposium on Intensive Care & Emergency Medicine.

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In vitro расширила человека CD4+CD25+ регуляционные T клетки, подавляющие распространение Т клеток.

Регулирующие Т клетки (Tregs) оказались критически важными в балансе между автоиммунизацией и терпимостью и были связаны с несколькими аутоиммунными заболеваниями человека. Однако небольшое число трегов в периферии крови ограничивает их терапевтический потенциал. Поэтому мы разработали протокол, который позволит расширить "Трегз" при сохранении их подавляющей активности. Мы изолировали клетки CD4+CD25 hi от человеческой периферической крови и расширили их in vitro в присутствии anti-CD3 и anti-CD28 Магнитные кситы и высокие концентрации внешнего интерлейкина (IL) -2. Траги были эффективно расш

2020 CIS Annual Meeting: Immune Deficiency & Dysregulation North American Conference.

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