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An automated high-throughput system for phenotypic screening of chemical libraries on C. elegans and parasitic nematodes.

Parasitic nematodes infect hundreds of millions of people and farmed livestock. Further, plant parasitic nematodes result in major crop dama … t of parasitic worms. We have validated its utility by determining the efficacy of a panel of known anthelmintics against model and parasitic nematodes: Caenorhabditis elegans, Haemonchus contortus, Teladorsagia circumcincta, and Trichuris muris. We then applied the system to screen the Pathogen Box chemical library in a blinded fashion and identified compounds …

Treatment of mixed Oesophagostomum and hookworm infection: effect of albendazole, pyrantel pamoate, levamisole and thiabendazole.

Oesophagostomum bifurcum has recently been recognized as a common parasite of man in northern Togo and in Ghana. In a preliminary trial several anthelmintics were evaluated in the treatment of mixed Oesophagostomum and hookworm infections. Diagnosis was based on faecal culture, since the eggs of Oesophagostomum and hookworm cannot be distinguished morphologically. Of the anthelmintics tested, albendazole was most effective against both parasites. Pyrantel pamoate, 2 x 10 mg/kg, was effective against Oesophagostomum but not against hookworm. The cure rates for both parasites were moderate with …

A practical health programme for prevention of parasitic and infectious diseases in horses and ponies.

A scheme of combined anthelmintic treatment and vaccination is described. The seasonal veterinary activities are as follows: March (all horses); parasitological examination of faeces, anthelmintic treatment, immunization against influenza and tetanus (booster dose). June: parasitological faeces examination of foals, anthelmintic treatment of all horses, immunization of foals against tetanus (1st dose). August: anthelmintic treatment of all horses and immunization of foals against influenza (1st dose) and tetanus (2nd dose). October: parasitological faeces examination and anthelmintic treatment

Marine Pharmacology in 2014-2015: Marine Compounds with Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiprotozoal, Antituberculosis, Antiviral, and Anthelmintic Activities; Affecting the Immune and Nervous Systems, and Other Miscellaneous Mechanisms of Action.

The systematic review of the marine pharmacology literature from 2014 to 2015 was completed in a manner consistent with the 1998-2013 reviews of this series. Research in marine pharmacology during 2014-2015, which was reported by investigators in 43 countries, described novel findings on the preclinical pharmacology of 301 marine compounds. These observations included antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, antiviral, and anthelmintic pharmacological activities for 133 marine natural products, 85 marine compounds with antidiabetic, and anti-inflammatory activities, as well

Birth outcomes after exposure to mebendazole and pyrvinium during pregnancy - A Danish nationwide cohort study.

Mebendazole and pyrvinium are anthelmintics used to treat infections with pinworms, a common infection in children. Other indications for treatment with mebendazole are infections with soil-transmitted helminths. These infections are rare in Denmark, but affect more than 1.5 billion people worldwide. Limited safety data of anthelmintics during pregnancy exists and the purpose of this study was to investigate the association between exposure to mebendazole or pyrvinium during pregnancy and the adverse pregnancy outcomes: congenital malformations, stillbirths, neonatal mortality and small for ge…

Efficacy of albendazole and mebendazole against Hymenolepis microstoma and Hymenolepis diminuta.

An investigation of the chemotherapeutic effects of 2 anthelmintics, albendazole (ABZ, methyl 5-[propylthio]benzimidazole-2- carbamate) and mebendazole (MBZ, methyl 5-[benzoyl]benzimidazole-2-carbamate), on Hymenolepis microstoma and Hymenolepis diminuta in experimentally infected mice and rats is reported. Single (50 mg/kg) or multiple daily oral doses (50 mg kg-1 day-1 for 3 consecutive days) of MBZ had no effect on H. microstoma; at necropsy, the drug treated mice harbored appreciable numbers of the parasite in the bile duct and biliary passages. ABZ was also inactive when given as a single…

Discovery of ML358, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of the SKN-1 Pathway Involved in Drug Detoxification and Resistance in Nematodes.

Nematodes parasitize ∼1/3 of humans worldwide, and effective treatment via administration of anthelmintics is threatened by growing resistance to current therapies. The nematode transcription factor SKN-1 is essential for development of embryos and upregulates the expression of genes that result in modification, conjugation, and export of xenobiotics, which can promote resistance. Distinct differences in regulation and DNA binding relative to mammalian Nrf2 make SKN-1 a promising and selective target for the development of anthelmintics with a novel mode of action that targets stress resistanc…

Contrasting views of animal healthcare providers on worm control practices for sheep and goats in an arid environment.

A questionnaire survey was conducted to determine the worm control practices and anthelmintic usage of 150 key respondents involved in sheep … had the highest level of awareness of parasitic infection and advocated the use of modern available anthelmintics according to the predefined schedule. The farmers on the other hand, had the lowest level of knowledge about parasitic infections. They used modern anthelmintics at low frequencies (every six months) following an unusual practice of diluting the med …

Alternative approaches for the control of gastrointestinal nematodes in sheep farming: a review.

Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are a serious health problem and represent the most significant constraint in sheep grazing operations. Problems tend to be worse in organic sheep farming systems, as a consequence of a less restricted access of animals to outdoor environment with a higher exposure to infective larvae. In domestic animals, GIN are effectively controlled by an aggressive prophylactic administration of commercially available anthelmintics. As a consequence to a common overdose and misuse of readily available antiparasitic treatments, there is an inevitable development of populati…

A questionnaire study of equine gastrointestinal parasite control in Scotland.

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Anthelmintic resistance in equine gastrointestinal nematodes is a threat to equine health and welfare. Detaile … Moxidectin (MOX) and ivermectin or related combination products were the most commonly administered anthelmintics in the preceding 12 months. Treatments licensed for use against cyathostomin encysted larvae and tapeworms were administered by 80% and 90% of respondents, respectively. This was often achieved through indiscriminate use of MOX and MOX-praziquantel …

Three-year evaluation of best practice guidelines for nematode control on commercial sheep farms in the UK.

Anthelmintics are commonly used on the majority of UK commercial sheep farms to reduce major economic losses associated with parasitic diseases. With increasing anthelmintic resistance worldwide, several countries have produced evidence-based, best practice guidelines with an example being the UK's Sustainable Control of Parasites in Sheep (SCOPS) initiative. In 2012, a pilot study demonstrated that SCOPS-managed farms used fewer anthelmintic treatments than traditionally managed farms, with no impact on lamb productivity and worm burden. Building on these results, we collected data for three …

Изучение ацетилхолинового разнообразия рецептора в нематодном паразите приводит к характеристике чувствительных к племени и дерквантель NAChR.

Никотинические ацетилхолинные рецепторы (NAChRs) паразитических нематод, необходимые для движения тела, являются объектами важных "классических" антеллиментов, таких как левамизол и пирантель, а также "новых" антеллиментов, таких как племянник и дерквантель. Four Биофизические подтипы NAChR наблюдались электрофизиологически в мышцах тела нематодового паразита Оэзофагостома, но их молекулярная основа не была понята. Кроме того, потери one подтипов (G) 35 PS) было установлено, что оно связано с сопротивлением левамизолу. В настоящем исследовании мы выявили и выразили в Ксенопус-оцитах: four О. г

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) of parasitic nematodes are required for body movement and are targets of important "classical" anthelmintics like levamisole and pyrantel, as well as "novel" anthelmintics like tribendimidine and derquantel. Four biophysical subtypes of nAChR have been observed electrophysiologically in body muscle of the nematode p…

Use of a saliva-based diagnostic test to identify tapeworm infection in horses in the UK.

BACKGROUND: Anthelmintic resistance combined with limited chemotherapeutic options has prompted a change in approaches to control of equine … ent strategy, the diagnostic-led approach used here considerably reduced application of anticestode anthelmintics. This could reduce selection pressure for anthelmintic resistance.

Routine use of mebendazole in pregnancy.

INTRODUCTION: The Ministry of Health has recommended the routine administration of a broad spectrum anthelmintic to all pregnant women after completion of the first trimester of pregnancy. OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence and intensity of geohelminth infections in pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic in Ragama and determine the use of anthelmintics by them. METHODS: Women on their first visit to antenatal clinics of the University Obstetrics Unit, General Hospital Colombo North, Ragama, during July-August 1995, were recruited for the study. Demographic details, duration of pregnancy…

A re-assessment of the efficacy of febantel (Rintal) and fenbendazole (Panacur) against Strongyloides papillosus in sheep and goats.

An efficacy evaluation using febantel and fenbendazole was carried out against Strongyloides papillosus in sheep and goats in the Grootfontein area of South West Africa/Namibia. Three groups with five sheep and three goats in each group were artificially infested with this species. When the worms had reached the adult stage one group was treated with febantel, the other group with fenbendazole and the third group left as controls. Both anthelmintics were dosed at 5 mg/kg. All animals were sacrificed one week after treatment and total worm-counts carried out. Both anthelmintics were found to be…

A case of a dog refractory to different treatments for pulmonary capillariasis.

Pulmonary capillariasis is a parasitic disease caused by the nematode Eucoleus aerophilus which affects wild and domestic carnivores. Currently, there are no anthelmintics approved for use in the treatment of dogs infected with E. aerophilus. The use of several anthelmintics has been reported in a few case reports and field efficacy studies in cats; much less is known on the treatment of dogs infected with E. aerophilus. The paper describes a case of a 4-month-old, mixed breed intact male referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) of the Department of Veterinary Medical Science of the …

Grazier perceptions and management practices for liver fluke control in north eastern NSW, Australia.

A survey of livestock producers (graziers) located in north eastern NSW Australia, collected information on perceptions and management practices for liver fluke control in livestock. The total area farmed by the 161 respondents was 195,600 ha (ranging in size from 4 to 10,522 ha) with cattle and sheep being the dominant livestock enterprises. Overall, 80% of graziers relied exclusively on anthelmintics for liver fluke control and few of these graziers (9%) integrated parasite management (IPM) strategies to reduce disease prevalence. Of those relying on anthelmintic control, triclabendazole (TC…

Veterinary Drug Prescribing Practices at Selected District Veterinary Clinics of Rift Valley Areas of Ethiopia.

The rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has various significances, such as reducing the risk of drug resistance, increasing efficac … and veterinarians, respectively. The prescribing practices showed 61.0% of antibiotics and 29.7% of anthelmintics where 45.3% and 54.7% of antibiotics and 17.8% and 82.2% of anthelmintics were given at Batu and Arsi-Negelle veterinary clinics, respectively. Of the prescribed drugs, 4.6% oxytetracycline and 2.6% penstrep were prescribed irrationally to treat dis …

Markers for benzimidazole resistance in human parasitic nematodes?

Benzimidazole (BZ) resistance is widespread and appears to be readily selected in a variety of nematode parasites of animals. There have been reports of a lack of efficacy of BZ anthelmintics against soil transmitted nematode parasites of humans. However, resistance to BZs in nematodes of humans has not been confirmed. It is difficult to perform tests to confirm anthelmintic resistance in humans for a variety of technical and ethical reasons. The use of anthelmintic drugs for the control of helminth parasites in people is increasing massively as a result of numerous programmes to control gastr…

Diethylcarbamazine, TRP channels and Ca2+ signaling in cells of the Ascaris intestine.

The nematode parasite intestine absorbs nutrients, is involved in innate immunity, can metabolize xenobiotics and as we show here, is also a … ize that the nematode intestine, in addition to muscle, is a site of action of DEC as well as other anthelmintics. DEC may also enhance the Ca2+ toxicity effects of other anthelmintics acting on the intestine or, increase the effects of other anthelmintics that are metabolized and excreted by the nematode intestine.