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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia-Induced Humoral Immunosuppression: A Systematic Review.

Secondary immunodeficiency is observed in all patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in varying degrees. The aim of the study was to review the available literature data on patients with CLL, with particular regard to the pathogenesis of the disease and the impact of humoral immunity deficiency on the clinical and therapeutic approach. A systematic literature review was carried out by two independent authors who searched PubMed databases for studies published up to January 2020. Additionally, Google Scholar was used to evaluate search results and support manual research. The search r

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… Chlorambucil in indolent chronic lymphocytic leukemia. French Cooperative Group on Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 1998;338:1506–1514. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199805213382104. 23. …

Immunotherapy in hematologic malignancies: achievements, challenges and future prospects.

The immune-cell origin of hematologic malignancies provides a unique avenue for the understanding of both the mechanisms of immune responsiveness and immune escape, which has accelerated the progress of immunotherapy. Several categories of immunotherapies have been developed and are being further evaluated in clinical trials for the treatment of blood cancers, including stem cell transplantation, immune checkpoint inhibitors, antigen-targeted antibodies, antibody-drug conjugates, tumor vaccines, and adoptive cell therapies. These immunotherapies have shown the potential to induce long-term rem

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… Ofatumumab is one kind of second-generation, fully-humanized anti-CD20 mAb that binds to a different site from rituximab and was approved by the FDA for the treatment of CLL in 2009, as well as in combination with chlorambucil for the treatment of CLL in 2014. 71 , 72 Obinutuzumab is another second-generation … anti-CD20 mAb and was approved by the FDA in combination with chlorambucil for the treatment of CLL in 2013 and in combination with bendamustine for the treatment of R/R FL in 2016. 73 , 74 Daratumumab is an anti-CD38 mAb that was FDA-approved for the treatment for patients with MM. 24 Elotuzumab is …

Optimizing treatment efficacy and fertility preservation in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A narrative review of ovarian shielding with total-body irradiation or treosulfan-based conditioning regimens.

BackgroundPediatric and adolescent/young adult (AYA) patients with hematologic malignancies often require hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using conditioning regimens that pose high risks for gonadal toxicity. Traditional protocols, including total body irradiation (TBI) and busulfan-based regimens, can impair fertility. This review explores the potential of gonadal shielding during TBI and treosulfan-based conditioning as strategies to optimize treatment efficacy while preserving fertility.MethodsA PubMed search up to February 2025 was performed for English, peer-reviewed articl

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… including the ovaries 6 to 8 cycles of escalated BEACOPP of ≥30 years | Conditioning regimens for Hematopoietic stem cell transplant with CY and/or TBI RT, including the ovaries | Hematopoietic stem cell transplant with CY‐TBI or BU‐CY RT, including the ovaries Escalated BEACOPP ≥30 years Procarbazine, Chlorambucil … | ESMO [5] High risk | Radiation therapy Alkylating agents (cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide, procarbazine, cisplatin, chlorambucil, carmustine, lomustine, melphalan, thiotepa, busulfan, and mechlorethamine) with CED >5 g/m 2 for germ cells and 20 g/m 2 for somatic cells Conditioning chemotherapy for bone …

Prognostic impact of biomarkers in PMBCL: rationale for early integration of immune checkpoint inhibitors.

AimThis research aims to guide future strategies for personalized treatment of primary mediastinal large B-cell lymphoma (PMBCL), particularly to identify high-risk patients who may benefit from incorporating immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the first-line setting.MethodsA retrospective, single-center study included 254 newly diagnosed PMBCL patients treated with rituximab, dose-adjusted etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin (R-DA-EPOCH), rituximab, modified protocol NHL-BFM-90 (RmNHL-BFM-90), or R-DA-EPOCH combined with nivolumab. Clinical parameters, immunoh

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… Two (6%) patients were treated with R-CHALD (rituximab, chlorambucil, etoposide, methotrexate, dexamethasone) and one (3%) with R-GIDOX (rituximab, gemcitabine, ifosfamide, dexamethasone, oxaliplatin). …

Множественная миелома в West Highland White Terrier: клинические презентации и терапевтическое вмешательство.

В настоящем докладе представлен случай: seven- годовой Вест Хайленд Уайт Терриер, диагностировавший рецидив и рефрактную множественные миеломы (ММ), управлялся с использованием различных методов лечения, включая обычную химиотерапию (мельфалан, винкристин, доксорубицин и дексаметазон), радиационную терапию (РТ) и такие новые агенты, как селективный ингибитор ядерного экспорта (вердинексор), протеозные ингибиторы (бортезомиб, карфилзомиб и ixazomib) и ингибиторы тиросиновой кинезы (TKIs; тосераниб и сорафениб). Реакция на лечение отслеживалась с помощью анализа концентрации глобулина в сыворотк

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… Dogs unresponsive to this regimen or with uncontrolled disease often receive rescue therapy with other alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide, chlorambucil, lomustine, vincristine, or doxorubicin [ 5 , 7 , 10 , 11 ]. …

Chemotherapy-Mediated Complications of Wound Healing: An Understudied Side Effect.

Significance: Chemotherapy is a primary method to treat cancer. While chemotherapeutic drugs are designed to target rapidly dividing cancer cells, they can also affect other cell types. In the case of dermal cells and macrophages involved in wound healing, cytotoxicity often leads to the development of chronic wounds. The situation becomes even more severe when chemotherapy is combined with surgical tumor excision. Recent Advances: Despite its significant impact on patients' recovery from surgery, the issue of delayed wound healing in individuals undergoing chemotherapy remains inadequately ex

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… Alkylating agents such as cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan), chlorambucil (Leukeran), thiotepa (Tioplex), mechlorethamine (Mustargen), and cisplatin (Platinol) inhibit the cell cycle by alkylating DNA nucleotides, leading to crosslinking, strand breakage, and RNA miscoding. …

Oral formulation of bendamustine hydrochloride for patients with advanced solid tumors; a phase 1 study.

To determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and recommended dose (RD) of orally-administered bendamustine in Japanese patients with advanced solid tumors. The optimal dosing schedule, safety, pharmacokinetics, and preliminary antitumor effects were also evaluated. A multicenter, open-label trial with a standard 3 + 3 design and dose escalation by dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was conducted. The treatment schedules were once daily for 7, 14, and 21 days every 3 weeks as one cycle. The total dose per cycle was increased from 175 to 840 mg/m2. Eighteen patients were enrolled in this study. DLT o

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… Rituximab plus bendamustine or chlorambucil for chronic lymphocytic leukemia: primary analysis of the randomized, open-label MABLE study. Haematologica. 2018;103:698–706. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2017.170480. 26. …

Stevens–Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) : Immunologic Reactions

Аннотация не предоставлена источником. Откройте карточку для перехода к публикации.

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… A review of severe skin reactions from 1950 to 2013 associated with antineoplastic agents revealed that the following medications have been strongly correlated with SJS and TEN: bendamustine, procarbazine, fludarabine, busulfan, chlorambucil, and lomustine [ 54 ]. …

Comparison of two melphalan protocols and evaluation of outcome and prognostic factors in multiple myeloma in dogs.

BackgroundMultiple myeloma (MM) in dogs typically is treated with melphalan. A daily melphalan dosing schedule reportedly is well tolerated and associated with favorable outcome. Although anecdotally a pulse dose regimen has resulted in successful responses, little long-term outcome and safety data is available regarding this dosing regimen for dogs with MM.Hypothesis/objectives(1) To compare outcome and adverse event profiles between pulse dose and daily dose melphalan schedules and (2) to report prognostic factors in dogs with MM treated with melphalan. We hypothesized that both protocols wo

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… treatment cohort received a variety of rescue chemotherapy protocols including ≥ 1 of the following: single agent cyclophosphamide (n = 3), single agent doxorubicin (n = 4), vincristine, doxorubicin, and dexamethasone (VAD; n = 2), rabacfosadine (Tanovea ® ‐CA1, VetDC, Fort Collins, Colorado; n = 1), chlorambucil …

Dermatologic Emergencies

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… The use of pulse methylprednisolone and chlorambucil in the treatment of Sweet’s syndrome. Cutis. 1989;44(2):125–9. 9. Husain Z, Reddy BY, Schwartz RA. DRESS syndrome: Part I. Clinical perspectives. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2013;68(5):693 e1–14 [quiz 706–8]. 10. Takahashi R, et al. …

Chronic dysimmune neuropathies: Beyond chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.

The spectrum of chronic dysimmune neuropathies has widened well beyond chronic demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP). Pure motor (multifocal motor neuropathy), sensorimotor with asymmetrical involvement (multifocal acquired demylinating sensory and motor neuropathy), exclusively distal sensory (distal acquired demyelinating sensory neuropathy) and very proximal sensory (chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy) constitute the variants of CIDP. Correct diagnosis of these entities is of importance in terms of initiation of appropriate therapy as well as prognostication of these patients. T

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… Response to treatment (plasmapheresis and Chlorambucil) appears less consistent than in IgM MGUS-related neuropathy. Treatment with autologous stem cell transplantation has been rarely shown to have a positive response even in patients resistant to other therapies. …

Enhancing medication adherence with blister-packed oral oncolytics: A case example in chronic lymphocytic leukemia.

IntroductionMedication nonadherence is a prevalent issue in the oncology population and can be costly on the healthcare system while leading to worsened outcomes, including increased mortality. One intervention that has been shown to help promote medication adherence to oral therapies for chronic conditions is blister-packaging. However, no literature is available assessing the potential impact of blister-packaging in oncology. Therefore, we aimed to quantify the impact of blister-packaging oral oncolytics on medication adherence and healthcare costs.MethodsAn economic model was designed to as

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… Acalabrutinib with or without obinutuzumab versus chlorambucil and obinutuzmab for treatment-naive chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (ELEVATE TN): a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet 2020 Apr 18; 395: 1278–1291. …

Physical Activity, Symptoms, Quality of Life and Exercise Program Preferences in People With Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia.

BackgroundChronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) has a heterogeneous lifelong course. While some patients never require treatment, most experience intermittent periods of active monitoring with other time points in active treatment. Most patients experience significant symptoms which negatively impact their quality of life (QoL). Although physical activity and exercise may help manage symptoms, it is unclear what disease-related factors drive the physical inactivity observed in people with CLL.MethodsThis study explored physical activity among people with CLL and assessed differences and relation

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… <0.001 Treatment duration [median (IQR)] | NA | 1.5 (0.6–5.0) | Treatments [ N (%)] Currently receiving treatment | | 35 (63.6) | BTK inhibitor monotherapy | | 15 (42.9) | Venetoclax | | 2 (5.7) | Venetoclax + rituximab | | 4 (11.4) | Venetoclax + obinutuzumab | | 5 (14.3) | Venetoclax + chlorambucil …

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemias: Challenges in Diagnosis and Therapy.

BackgroundAutoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare disease due to increased destruction of erythrocytes by autoantibodies, with or without complement activation.SummaryAIHA is usually classified in warm AIHA (wAIHA) and cold agglutinin disease (CAD), based on isotype and thermal amplitude of the autoantibody. The direct antiglobulin test (DAT) or Coombs test is the cornerstone of AIHA diagnosis, as it is positive with anti-IgG in wAIHA, and with anti-C3d/IgM antisera plus high titer cold agglutinins in CAD. Therapy is quite different, as steroids and rituximab are effective in the former,

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… Historical immunosuppressants/cytotoxic agents (azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine, chlorambucil) had little effect and splenectomy is clearly discouraged as chronic hemolysis occurs mainly in the liver. …

Phase 1 dose-escalation study of IV ixazomib, an investigational proteasome inhibitor, in patients with relapsed/refractory lymphoma.

Ixazomib is an investigational proteasome inhibitor that has shown preclinical activity in lymphoma models. This phase 1 study assessed the safety, tolerability, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and preliminary activity of intravenous (IV) ixazomib in relapsed/refractory lymphoma patients who had received ⩾ 2 prior therapies. Thirty patients with a range of histologies received ixazomib 0.125-3.11 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8 and 15 of 28-day cycles. Patients received a median of two cycles (range 1-36). MTD was determined to be 2.34 mg/m(2). Most common drug-related ad

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… Patient, response and duration of treatment | Prior therapies, n | Regimen | Duration, months a FL | 4 | Chlorambucil, vincristine, prednisone | 54.0 1.4 mg/m 2 | | Investigational agent: hA20 anti- CD20 antibody (veltuzumab) | 19.1 PR | | Investigational agent: hLL1 (anti-CD74 antibody) | 4.0 32 cycles …

Molecular Inhibitors of Growth Signals

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An understanding of mitochondria and its role in targeting nanocarriers for diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Nanotechnology has changed the entire paradigm of drug targeting and has shown tremendous potential in the area of cancer therapy due to its specificity. In cancer, several targets have been explored which could be utilized for the better treatment of disease. Mitochondria, the so-called powerhouse of cell, portrays significant role in the survival and death of cells, and has emerged as potential target for cancer therapy. Direct targeting and nanotechnology based approaches can be tailor-made to target mitochondria and thus improve the survival rate of patients suffering from cancer. With thi

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… diamide Artesunate TPP A549, A549/DDP (cisplatin resistant), 7404, 7404/DDP (cisplatin resistant), MCF7, 4T1 – [86] PDMA, Cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp CPT TPP 4T1, MCF-7, U87 Female BALB/c mice [87] PEG, Methacrylate, OEGMA, Dextran-Br CPT TPP MCF-7, 4T1, HeLa female BABL/C mice [88] PEG2000, 1,8-naphthalimide Chlorambucil … (cisplatin resistant), 7404, 7404/DDP (cisplatin resistant), MCF7, 4T1 | – | [86] | PDMA, Cyclic Arg-Gly-Asp | CPT | TPP | 4T1, MCF-7, U87 | Female BALB/c mice | [87] | PEG, Methacrylate, OEGMA, Dextran-Br | CPT | TPP | MCF-7, 4T1, HeLa | female BABL/C mice | [88] | PEG2000, 1,8-naphthalimide | Chlorambucil …

Wisely frugal: ensuring sustainable funding for novel cancer therapeutics through a budget impact analysis in resource-limited settings.

IntroductionCancer care in Sri Lanka is predominantly provided through its state health system which is free at the point of delivery. We performed a budget impact analysis of novel cancer drugs with a view to enabling better prioritising of their procurement.MethodsMedian survival gain was obtained for each indication of a novel cancer drug by a review of the literature. The direct cost of drug procurement was obtained from the Ministry of Health of Sri Lanka and the cost per life year gained was computed for each indication. Two thresholds - per capita gross domestic product (GDP) per life y

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… 50 mg daily for 2 years | 121 Bleomycin | 10 doses of 30,000 IU | 251 Calcium Folinate | 12 cycles of 400 mg /m 2 per cycle | 125 Capecitabine | 8 cycles of 1,000 mg / m 2 twice daily for 14 days per cycle | 142 Carboplatin | 6 cycles of 6 times area under the curve (Assumed 600 mg per cycle) | 165 Chlorambucil …

Ocular complications of antineoplastic therapies.

Ocular complications of antineoplastic agents can have a profound effect on the quality of life of cancer patients. New oncologic treatments like monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapies, antibody-drug conjugates, checkpoint inhibitors and growth factor receptors have resulted in increased ocular complications. These ocular complications differs in respect to distinct mechanisms of actions and lead to significant challenges in the management of cancer patients. In this review, we reviewed literature, clinical studies and cases detailing ocular complications due to administration of antineoplasti

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… Alkylating agent | Mechlorethamine | Necrotizing uveitis | [ 34 ] Chlorambucil | Diplopia, retinal hemorrhages, papilledema | [ 35 ] Ifosfamide | Blurred vision, florid conjunctivitis | [ 36 ] Oxaliplatin | Conjunctivitis, blurred vision, ocular pain | [ 37 ] Antimetabolites | Capecitabine | Ocular irritation …

Desensitization: Overcoming the Immunologic Barriers to Transplantation.

HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) sensitization is a significant barrier to successful kidney transplantation. It often translates into difficult crossmatch before transplant and increased risk of acute and chronic antibody mediated rejection after transplant. Over the last decade, several immunomodulatory therapies have emerged allowing for increased access to kidney transplantation for the immunologically disadvantaged group of HLA sensitized end stage kidney disease patients. These include IgG inactivating agents, anti-cytokine antibodies, costimulatory molecule blockers, complement inhibitors,

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… U.S. food and drug administration approval: obinutuzumab in combination with chlorambucil for the treatment of previously untreated chronic lymphocytic leukemia Clinical Cancer Research 2014 20 15 3902 3907 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-14-0516 24824310 57 Goede V. Klein C. Stilgenbauer S. …