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Targeting Notch-1 positive acute leukemia cells by novel fucose-bound liposomes carrying daunorubicin.

Complete remission by induction therapy in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) can be achieved due to improvements in supportive and optimized therapy. However, more than 20% of patients will still need to undergo salvage therapy, and most will have a poor prognosis. Determining the specificity of drugs to leukemia cells is important since this will maximize the dose of chemotherapeutic agents that can be administered to AML patients. In turn, this would be expected to lead to reduced drug toxicity and its increased efficacy. We targeted Notch-1 positive AML cells utilizing fucose-bound liposomes

Field-Deployable Treatments For Leishmaniasis: Intrinsic Challenges, Recent Developments and Next Steps.

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease endemic primarily to low- and middle-income countries, for which there has been inadequate development of affordable, safe, and efficacious therapies. Clinical manifestations of leishmaniasis range from self-healing skin lesions to lethal visceral infection with chances of relapse. Although treatments are available, secondary effects limit their use outside the clinic and negatively impact the quality of life of patients in endemic areas. Other non-medicinal treatments, such as thermotherapies, are limited to use in patients with cutaneous leishman

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… receptor (MR). … Mannose receptor high, M2 dermal macrophages mediate nonhealing Leishmania major infection in a Th1 immune environment. J Exp Med . 2018;215(1):357–375. doi: 10.1084/jem.20171389 142. Woelbing F, Kostka SL, Moelle K, et al. …

Applications of Aggregation-Induced Emission Materials in Immunology: From Diagnostics to Immunotherapy.

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) materials, due to their unique ability to significantly enhance optical emission in aggregated states, have demonstrated vast potential in immunology, particularly in early disease diagnosis and immunotherapy. AIE materials can serve as highly efficient fluorescent probes for biomarker detection, providing critical insights for early diagnosis. Additionally, they can act as cancer vaccines, enhancing the effectiveness of immunotherapy through photodynamic therapy, photothermal therapy, or activation of immune cells. This review highlights the applications of

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… TPE-Man effectively targets the mannose receptors that are overexpressed on TAMs through mannose-receptor interactions, facilitating high-contrast fluorescence imaging of mannose receptor-positive TAMs. …

Role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most common and most intensively studied chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Several cofactors, such as an impaired skin barrier function, modifications of the immune system, and a complex genetic background, direct the course of AD. Within this complex network, macrophages play a pivotal role in enhanced susceptibility to cutaneous infections and act as central connecting components in the pathogenesis of AD on the cellular level. In AD, macrophages are known to accumulate in acutely and chronically inflamed skin. During the early and short inflammatory ph

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… Human monocyte-derived DCs express mannose receptors (MRs), as was shown by in vitro studies, and these cells use the MR for efficient antigen uptake [ 21 ]. In peripheral tissues such as the skin, antigen uptake is an important feature of resident macrophages and immature DCs. … Mannose receptor-mediated uptake of antigens strongly enhances HLA class II-restricted antigen presentation by cultured dendritic cells. European Journal of Immunology. 1997;27(9):2426–2435. doi: 10.1002/eji.1830270942. 22. Sugaya M, Miyagaki T, Ohmatsu H, et al. …

Prophylaxis and Empirical Therapy of Infection in Cancer Patients

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Использование динамики моноцитов для лечения множественных склерозов; анализ результатов экспериментальных исследований моделей.

Моноциты играют центральную роль в реакции врожденной иммунной системы на инфекцию или травму. В мурине эти клетки подразделяются на отдельные подмножества: классические моноциты, определяемые повышенным выражением Ly6C (Ly6Chi), промежуточные моноциты (Ly6Cint) и неклассические подстрекательские моноциты, характеризующиеся низким выражением Ly6C (Ly6Clow). Моноциты, набираемые для производства тканей, проводят различие между макрофагами, которые могут быть провоспалительными или противовоспалительными, оказывая тем самым влияние на процессы и результаты заболеваний. Основной функцией классиче

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… Although MS lesions predominantly express M1 markers, a subset of macrophages also display M2-associated markers, such as the mannose receptor (MR) and CD163, particularly in perivascular and foamy macrophages within active lesions. … The investigation showed that the infection of T. crassiceps instigates the differentiation of Ly6C hi monocytes into PD-L2+ AAMs, which is manifested by expressing the alternative activation molecules such as the mannose receptor (MR; CD206) and programmed death-ligand 2 (PD-L2). …

Nanobodies for Medical Imaging: About Ready for Prime Time?

Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last decade, patients with diverse forms of locally advanced or metastatic cancer, such as melanoma, lung cancers, and many blood-borne malignancies, have seen their life expectancies increasing significantly. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, the present-day struggle with these treatments concerns patients who remain largely unresponsive, as well as those who experience severely toxic side effects. Gaining deeper insight into t

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… The macrophage mannose receptor (MMR; gene name: CD206) has been found to be overexpressed in these M2-like tumor-promoting TAMs [ 123 ]. … To achieve this goal, nanobodies have been developed to target markers expressed in arthritic joints, specifically the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR), as discussed above [ 123 , 128 , 138 ]. …

Comparison of different sets of immunological tests to identify treatable immunodeficiencies in adult bronchiectasis patients.

BACKGROUND: The reported prevalence of immunodeficiencies in bronchiectasis patients is variable depending on the frequency and extent of immunological tests performed. European Respiratory Society guidelines recommend a minimum bundle of tests. Broadening the spectrum of immunological tests could increase the number of patients diagnosed with an immunodeficiency and those who could receive specific therapy. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the performance of different sets of immunological tests in diagnosing any, primary, secondary or treatable immunodeficiencies in a

Advances in Drug Delivery and Biomaterials: Facts and Vision.

Drug delivery and biomaterials are different fields of science but, at the same time, are tightly related and intertwined. The 2018 CRS Italy Chapter Annual Workshop aims to explore recent advances in design and development in these areas. Many colleagues from Europe participated to the Workshop, stimulating the discussion. To foster the discussion on recent research and networking opportunities, especially among younger attendees, all poster-presenting authors were asked to provide a short talk. The very friendly and stimulating atmosphere allowed the attendees to explore new frontiers and ta

Organic Nanoparticles in Progressing Cardiovascular Disease Treatment and Diagnosis.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the world's most prominent cause of mortality, continue to be challenging conditions for patients, physicians, and researchers alike. CVDs comprise a wide range of illnesses affecting the heart, blood vessels, and the blood that flows through and between them. Advances in nanomedicine, a discipline focused on improving patient outcomes through revolutionary treatments, imaging agents, and ex vivo diagnostics, have created enthusiasm for overcoming limitations in CVDs' therapeutic and diagnostic landscapes. Nanomedicine can be involved in clinical purposes for CV

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… Both in vitro and in vivo, macrophages that had taken up PS-liposomes secreted high amounts of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) and interleukin 10 (IL-10), and they also upregulated the expression of the mannose receptor, CD206, while downregulating proinflammatory … For instance, pH-responsive polymeric micelles with siRNA and mannose receptor-CD206 decoration were created by Yu et al. [ 95 ]. The micelles exhibited a 4-fold increase in siRNA delivery to macrophages and a knockdown of the model gene in macrophages of 87 ± 10% [ 95 ]. …

Editorial: The Role of Complement in Health and Disease.

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SGLT2 Inhibitors: From Structure-Effect Relationship to Pharmacological Response.

SGLT2 inhibitors have become increasingly used due to their effectiveness in improving not only type 2 diabetes but also cardiovascular, renal and hepatic diseases, as well as the obesity found in metabolic syndrome. Starting from the structure of gliflozins, modifications of the carbohydrate part, aglycone, and also the glycosidic bond between them can determine variations in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. SGLT2 inhibitors, in addition to reducing blood glucose levels, improve alterations in lipid metabolism by diverting excessively accumulated lipids in tissues towards mobil

Nanomaterial-Driven Precision Immunomodulation: A New Paradigm in Therapeutic Interventions.

Immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing field of research in the treatment of conditions such as cancer and autoimmunity. Nanomaterials can be designed for immune system manipulation, with precise targeted delivery and improved immunomodulatory efficacy. Here, we elaborate on various strategies using nanomaterials, including liposomes, polymers, and inorganic NPs, and discuss their detailed design intricacies, mechanisms, and applications, including the current regulatory issues. This type of nanomaterial design for targeting specific immune cells or tissues and controlling release kinetics could

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… Nanocarrier Type | Targeted Immune Cells | Surface Ligands/Antibodies/Peptides | Functional Outcome | Examples of Nanomaterial-Based Systems | References Liposomes | Dendritic Cells | Mannose Receptors | Enhanced Antigen Presentation | Liposomes loaded with tumor antigens and CD40 ligands | [ 67 , 68 …

Glucocorticoids-based prodrug design: Current strategies and research progress.

Attributing to their broad pharmacological effects encompassing anti-inflammation, antitoxin, and immunosuppression, glucocorticoids (GCs) are extensively utilized in the clinic for the treatment of diverse diseases such as lupus erythematosus, nephritis, arthritis, ulcerative colitis, asthma, keratitis, macular edema, and leukemia. However, long-term use often causes undesirable side effects, including metabolic disorders-induced Cushing's syndrome (buffalo back, full moon face, hyperglycemia, etc.), osteoporosis, aggravated infection, psychosis, glaucoma, and cataract. These notorious side e

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… Dex and mannose co-modified PEI prodrug (Dex-PEI-mannose) nanoparticles were constructed for the targeted treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) by specifically binding to mannose receptors on macrophages in Su's research [85] . …

Nanomedicine for cancer patient-centered care.

Cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and an increase in incidence is estimated in the next future, due to population aging, which requires the development of highly tolerable and low-toxicity cancer treatment strategies. The use of nanotechnology to tailor treatments according to the genetic and immunophenotypic characteristics of a patient's tumor, and to allow its targeted release, can meet this need, improving the efficacy of treatment and minimizing side effects. Nanomedicine-based approach for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer is a rapidly evolving field. Se

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… Mannose‐functionalized nanoparticles, which target mannose receptors (CD206) on DCs and macrophages, 91 are useful to enhance vaccine responses, or to deliver antigens to APCs. …

Infections After High-Dose Chemotherapy and Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation

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Protein-Based Adjuvants for Vaccines as Immunomodulators of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response: Current Knowledge, Challenges, and Future Opportunities.

New-generation vaccines, formulated with subunits or nucleic acids, are less immunogenic than classical vaccines formulated with live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens. This difference has led to an intensified search for additional potent vaccine adjuvants that meet safety and efficacy criteria and confer long-term protection. This review provides an overview of protein-based adjuvants (PBAs) obtained from different organisms, including bacteria, mollusks, plants, and humans. Notably, despite structural differences, all PBAs show significant immunostimulatory properties, eliciting B-cell- a

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… Indeed, we have previously shown that murine APCs internalize hemocyanins in a glycosylation-dependent manner through receptor-mediated endocytosis with proteins that contain a CTLD, such as the mannose receptor (MR) and macrophage galactose lectin (MGL) [ 98 , 99 ] ( Figure 4 ). … The model shows that hemocyanins cooperate with mannose receptors and TLR4 at the cell surface of APC, to initiate a proinflammatory response. Hemocyanins activate TLR4 to stimulate MAPK-dependent downstream signaling pathways, as shown in Figure 1 . …

Targeted Protein Degradation in Cancer: PROTACs, New Targets, and Clinical Mechanisms.

The onset of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) has reshaped the entire context of targeted cancer therapy by offering a novel approach for the selective degradation of disease-causing proteins, overcoming the limitations of traditional occupancy-driven inhibition. This heterobifunctional technology recruits endogenous E3 ubiquitin ligases to mark proteins of interest (POI) for proteosomal degradation via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). Unlike conventional inhibitors, PROTACs function catalytically and can target previously "undruggable proteins", such as transcription factors, sc

Aqueous Extract of Cimicifuga dahurica Reprogramming Macrophage Polarization by Activating TLR4-NF-κB Signaling Pathway.

PurposeCimicifuga dahurica (C. dahurica), which has been used in traditional oriental medicine for a long period, was reported to exert extensive antitumor activity, but the effect and molecular biological mechanism of C. dahurica on multiple myeloma (MM) has not been elaborated. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) exhibit a sustained polarization between tumor killing M1 subtype and tumor supporting M2 subtype. And a lower ratio of M1/M2 is associated with tumor angiogenesis, proliferation and invasion. We explored the inhibitory effect of the aqueous extract of the root of C. dahurica (CRAE)

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… M2-polarized macrophages highly express arginase-1 (Arg-1), resistin-like molecules α (RELMα), scavenger receptor (CD163) and mannose receptor (CD206). … The novel biomarker of alternative macrophage activation, soluble mannose receptor (sMR/sCD206): implications in multiple myeloma. Leuk Res . 2015;39(9):971–975. doi: 10.1016/j.leukres.2015.06.003 7. Zheng Y, Yang J, Qian J, et al. …

Autophagy in tumor immune escape and immunotherapy.

The immunotherapy targeting tumor immune escape mechanisms has become a critical strategy in anticancer treatment; however, the challenge of immune resistance remains significant. Autophagy, a cellular response to various stressors, involves the degradation of damaged proteins and organelles via lysosomal pathways, maintaining cellular homeostasis. This process not only supports tumor cell survival but also profoundly impacts the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. The modulation of autophagy in tumor cells or immune cells exerts dual effects on tumor immune escape and immunotherapy. However,