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Sleep Disruption and Atrial Fibrillation: Evidence, Mechanisms and Clinical Implications.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia, with its incidence rising due to aging populations, obesity, and advancements in diagnostic modalities. The interplay between sleep disorders and AF is increasingly recognized, with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) serving as a well-established risk factor. However, emerging evidence implicates additional sleep disturbances-including central sleep apnea, insomnia, and restless legs syndrome-in AF pathogenesis and progression. Despite compelling observational data, interventional studies evaluating the impact of sleep dis…

Expanded haemodialysis: news from the field.

Expanded haemodialysis (HDx) has emerged as a promising solution to improve haemodialysis effectiveness. A medium cut-off membrane allows the removal of a wider range of uraemic toxins. However, little is known about the potential interesting applications of HDx therapy. Feedback from the first routine use of HDx therapy under real-life conditions in European facilities was excellent for priming and rinse back. There was no adverse event after 5191 HDx treatments. Patients suffering from itching, restless legs syndrome, persistent asthenia or malnourishment could benefit from HDx therapy. More…

Gender-related differences in the obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

The obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Epidemiological studies suggest a two-fold higher prevalence of OSAS in men than in women. Differences in pharyngeal collapsibility and central respiratory drive may play a significant role in the gender-specific pathogenesis. Compared with their male counterparts, female patients experience OSAS at an older age (postmenopausal) and with higher body-mass-index. Female OSAS patients furthermore more frequently report atypical symptoms, such as insomnia, depression, and/or restless legs, and thus ar

Sleep-related movement disorders.

Several movement disorders may occur during nocturnal rest disrupting sleep. A part of these complaints is characterized by relatively simple, non-purposeful and usually stereotyped movements. The last version of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders includes these clinical conditions (i.e. restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder, sleep-related leg cramps, sleep-related bruxism and sleep-related rhythmic movement disorder) under the category entitled sleep-related movement disorders. Moreover, apparently physiological movements (e.g. alternating leg muscle activat…

18q-syndrome and ectodermal dysplasia syndrome: description of a child and his family.

The 18q- syndrome [MIM #601808] is a terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 18. The most common deletion extends from region q21 to qter. We report here a nine-year-old boy possessing a simple 18q- deletion who had abnormalities of the brain, skull, face, tooth, hair, bone, and skin, plus joint laxity, tongue palsy, subtle sensoneural deafness, mental and speech delay, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), tic, and restless legs syndromes. His karyotype was 46, XY, del (18)(q21.31-qter). The size of the deletion was approximately 45 cM. Most of these abnormalities were not …

Sleepiness or excessive daytime somnolence.

Excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) is associated with age-related changes, environment, circadian rhythm or sleep pattern disorder, insomnia, medications, lifestyle factors, depression, pain, and illness. The notion of "sleep architecture" connotes a structure that describes the sleep cycle (i.e., stages) and wakefulness during a single sleep period-that is, rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep. Circadian rhythms perform a variety of functions including regulation of the quality and distribution of the stages of sleep. Insomnia includes delayed sleep onset as well as premature wakening;

Sleep Disorders and Psoriasis: An Update.

Psoriasis alters patients' quality of life. Among the disorders associated with psoriasis, sleep disorders are common, although they are not directly assessed by most quality-of-life scores. Thus, the specific evaluation of sleep disorders using dedicated scores is necessary, especially because such disorders alter patients;' physical and psychological health. The relationship between psoriasis and sleep disorders has been shown in numerous studies, but has not yet been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to update knowledge of sleep disorders in patients with psoriasis, through a revi

Sleep disturbances and sleep apnea in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis.

Sleep disturbances in chronic peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients are increasingly widely recognized. These include changes in sleep architecture, sleep apnea syndrome, restless legs syndrome, periodic limb movement disorder and excessive daytime sleepiness. Some of these entities will be addressed in this review. The study tools for detecting sleep-related disorders in PD patients range from self-reported questionnaires (subjective) to standard overnight polysomnographic measurements (objective). Both these tools identify a high prevalence (over 50%) of sleep-related disorders among dialysis pa…

Sleep disorders in the elderly and their management.

Sleep aging is a complex physiological process driven by changes in circadian regulation systems (phase advance, decreased melatonin secreti … Insomnia (CBT-I) as first-line treatment, while maintaining vigilance for specific conditions like Restless Legs Syndrome or REM Sleep Behavior Disorder, which are prevalent in alpha-synucleinopathies.

Исследование нарушений сна, связанных с множественным склерозом.

Множественный склероз является распространенным демиелинизирующим заболеванием в неврологии, характеризующимся сложным и непредсказуемым патогенезом, а также различными клиническими проявлениями, которые создают значительное бремя для физического и психического здоровья пациентов. Повреждения сна, как широко распространенный, но зачастую игнорируемый симптом потери трудоспособности в этой болезни, имеют высокий уровень заболеваемости и значительно снижает качество жизни пациентов. В этой статье систематически анализируются недавние улучшения в расстройствах сна, связанных с множественным склер

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Multiple sclerosis is a common demyelinating disease in neurology, characterized by a complex and unpredictable pathogenesis, as well as div … logy, and management strategies for five core manifestations: insomnia, sleep-disordered breathing, restless legs syndrome, narcolepsy, and circadian rhythm dysregulation. By integrating multidisciplinary insights, this work aims to provide robust evidence for optimizing long-term patient outcomes through targeted therapeutic approaches.

Hyperhidrosis in sleep disorders - A narrative review of mechanisms and clinical significance.

Hyperhidrosis is characterized by excessive sweating beyond thermoregulatory needs that affects patients' quality of life. It results from an excessive stimulation of eccrine sweat glands in the skin by the sympathetic nervous system. Hyperhidrosis may be primary or secondary to an underlying cause. Nocturnal hyperhidrosis is associated with different sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, insomnia, restless legs syndrome/periodic limb movement during sleep and narcolepsy. The major cause of the hyperhidrosis is sympathetic overactivity and, in the case of narcolepsy type 1, orexin …

Lesson of the month 2: An unusual adverse reaction associated with pramipexole.

Dopamine agonists such as pramipexole are commonly used in the treatment of restless legs syndrome (RLS) as well as Parkinson's disease. Pramipexole's common side effects are well documented; however, adverse skin reactions are less well known. In this case, a 45-year-old male farmer presented with excessive daytime tiredness and reported a history suggestive of RLS. He was initiated on pramipexole but developed a maculopapular erythematous rash in sun-exposed areas 8 days after its commencement. The skin rash resolved following pramipexole's cessation and it is thought the patient experienced…

[Pathological gambling induced by dopamine agonists].

Problems with impulse control and pathological gambling are known as possible side effects of dopaminergic therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease. We report 2 cases of pathological gambling induced by dopamine agonists in patients without Parkinson's disease. The first patient, a 46-year-old man, was treated with ropinirole for restless legs syndrome and had lost huge amounts of money in the context of internet-based poker game. Another 46-year-old male patient developed pathological gambling under treatment with cabergoline administered for prolactinoma. The two cases implicate patholog…

The two faces of Eve: dopamine's modulation of wakefulness and sleep.

In Parkinson's disease (PD), waking is frequently punctuated by sleep episodes, including rapid eye movement (REM) (i.e., dream) sleep, and … e in mediating state-specific sensorimotor activity that is relevant to periodic limb movements and restless legs syndrome.

Cognitive and behavioral anomalies among insomnia patients with mixed restless legs and periodic limb movement disorder.

This study examined whether patients who have periodic limb movement disorder (PLMD), with or without comorbid restless legs syndrome (RLS), display the sleep-disruptive cognitive and behavioral anomalies found among primary insomnia sufferers. Archival data from a Sleep History Questionnaire, home-based polysomnography, and a sleep log were obtained for matched RLS/PLMD, primary insomnia, and noncomplaining volunteer samples. Statistical comparisons showed that the RLS/PLMD and primary insomnia samples differed significantly from the normal sleepers in regard to their propensities for certain…

New insights into restless genital syndrome: static mechanical hyperesthesia and neuropathy of the nervus dorsalis clitoridis.

INTRODUCTION: Systematic study of dysesthetic and paresthetic regions contributing to persistent genital arousal in women with restless geni … RIPB, GTM test. RESULTS: Of 23 women included in the study, 18(78%), 16(69%), and 12(52%) reported restless legs syndrome, overactive bladder syndrome, and urethra hypersensitivity. Intolerance of tight clothes and underwear (allodynia or hyperpathia) was reported by 19 (83%) women. All women were diagnosed with ReGS. Sitting aggravated ReGS in 20(87%) women. In all wo …

Restless head syndrome: A retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Restless legs syndrome (RLS) is characterized by an urge to move with an unpleasant sensation in the lower limbs. RLS typically affects the legs. However, it can also affect several other body regions, such as the arms, abdomen, face, neck, head, and genital area. There are only a few reports of the RLS variant affecting the head. AIM: To assess the epidemiological, clinical, and other aspects of the RLS variant affecting the head. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study of 17 adult patients (> 18 years) who met the RLS criteria and simultaneously experienced RLS-like symptom…