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Antibody-drug conjugate as targeted therapeutics against hepatocellular carcinoma: preclinical studies and clinical relevance.

An antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) is an advanced chemotherapeutic option with immense promises in treating many tumor. They are designed to selectively attack and kill neoplastic cells with minimal toxicity to normal tissues. ADCs are complex engineered immunoconjugates that comprise a monoclonal antibody for site-directed delivery and cytotoxic payload for targeted destruction of malignant cells. Therefore, it enables the reduction of off-target toxicities and enhances the therapeutic index of the drug. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a solid tumor that shows high heterogeneity of molecular

MitraClip implantation in real-world: clinical relevance of different patterns of left ventricular remodeling.

OBJECTIVE: The role of left ventricular (LV) volumes and ejection fraction (EF) in the selection of patients for the MitraClip procedure remains matter of debate. The goal of this study is to assess the pattern of LV remodeling and its clinical implications after MitraClip procedures, and to evaluate the role of LV ejection fraction (EF) in patient selection. METHODS: Complete echocardiography was performed before, at discharge, 1,6, and 12-months in 45 patients treated with MitraClip for severe mitral regurgitation (MR) [age 78.2 ± 8.3 yrs, NYHA 3.74 ± 0.44, EF 36.5 ± 12.8%]. From baseline t

Hyaline Vascular Type of Castleman Disease: Diagnostic Pitfalls on Cytology and Its Clinical Relevance.

Castleman disease (CD) is an uncommon cause of lymphadenopathy. The role of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) as a diagnostic modality in this disease is not well established. Cytological features of CD have a considerable overlap with many reactive conditions. It has subtle morphological features; which if overlooked, may miss the diagnosis. A two-year-old girl presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. FNAC of the cervical lymph node showed features of granulomatous lymphadenitis. Excision biopsy revealed the hyaline vascular type of CD. Cytological smears were reviewed carefully and reve

Clinical relevance of extracellular vesicles in hematological neoplasms: from liquid biopsy to cell biopsy.

In the era of precision medicine, liquid biopsy is becoming increasingly important in oncology. It consists in the isolation and analysis of tumor-derived biomarkers, including extracellular vesicles (EVs), in body fluids. EVs are lipid bilayer-enclosed particles, heterogeneous in size and molecular composition, released from both normal and neoplastic cells. In tumor context, EVs are valuable carriers of cancer information; in fact, their amount, phenotype and molecular cargo, including proteins, lipids, metabolites and nucleic acids, mirror nature and origin of parental cells rendering EVs a

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… Since this cellular miRNA is involved in processes altered in AML, such as proliferation and myeloid differentiation, studies evaluating EV miR-155 expression in a large cohort of patients could elucidate its possible clinical relevance in this neoplasm. …

Sugar, a powerful substitute for ethanol in ethanol postdependent rats: Relevance for clinical consideration?

Sugar has been shown to be a powerful substitute for drugs in preclinical studies on addiction. However, the link between sugar intake and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is poorly understood. We assessed the influence of sucrose on ethanol drinking in both nondependent (ND) and dependent (D) Long-Evans rats during acute withdrawal using the postdependent state model. Ethanol (10%-40%) and sucrose (1%-4%) solutions were offered in an operant paradigm either independently or concurrently under ratio schedules of reinforcement. We showed that D rats displayed an enhanced motivation for both 10% ethan

Male Breast Cancer-Immunohistochemical Patterns and Clinical Relevance of FASN, ATF3, and Collagen IV.

BACKGROUND: Male breast carcinoma (male BC) is an uncommon neoplasia without individualized strategies for diagnosis and therapeutics. Low overall survival (OS) rates have been reported, mostly associated with patients' advanced stage and older age. Intratumoral heterogeneity versus homogeneity of malignant epithelial cells seems to be an important factor to consider for the development of combination therapies with curative intention. OBJECTIVE: In this preliminary study, we aim to provide valuable insight into the distinct clinicopathologic features of male BC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In a s

Clinical relevance of MRI knee abnormalities in Australian rules football players: a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The clinical relevance of MRI knee abnormalities in athletes is unclear. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MRI knee abnormalities in Australian Rules Football (ARF) players and describe their associations with pain, function, past and incident injury and surgery history. METHODS: 75 male players (mean age 21, range 16-30) from the Tasmanian State Football League were examined early in the playing season (baseline). History of knee injury/surgery and knee pain and function were assessed. Players underwent MRI scans of both knees at baseline. Clinical measurements …

The aetiopathogenic significance, clinical relevance and therapeutic implications of vasculopathy in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy.

It is 120 years since 'angiomyositis' was included alongside 'polymyositis' and 'dermatomyositis' in an attempt to propose a taxonomy that r … nic, prognostic and therapeutic significance of vasculopathy in IIM. We describe the prevalence and clinical relevance of vasculopathy in IIM, and consider how vasculopathy may be better utilized to support improved IIM diagnosis and disease classification. Areas of unmet research need are highlighted where relevant.

Clinical relevance of total choline (tCho) quantification in suspicious lesions on multiparametric breast MRI.

PURPOSE: To assess the additional value of quantitative tCho evaluation to diagnose malignancy and lymph node metastases in suspicious lesions on multiparametric breast MRI (mpMRI, BI-RADS 4, and BI-RADS 5). METHODS: One hundred twenty-one patients that demonstrated suspicious multiparametric breast MRI lesions using DCE, T2w, and diffusion-weighted (DW) images were prospectively enrolled in this IRB-approved study. All underwent single-voxel proton MR spectroscopy (1H-MRS, point-resolved spectroscopy sequence, TR 2000 ms, TE 272 ms) with and without water suppression. The total choline (tCho

Clinical Relevance and Characteristics of Aspergillus calidoustus and Other Aspergillus Species of Section Usti.

The Aspergilli of section Usti (group ustus) are represented by over 20 species, of which Aspergillus calidoustus is the most relevant human pathogen. Invasive aspergillosis (IA) caused by these fungi is rare but could represent an emerging issue among the expanding population of patients with long-term immunosuppression receiving antifungal prophylaxis. Clinicians should be aware of this unusual type of IA, which often exhibits distinct clinical features, such as an insidious and prolonged course and a high occurrence of extra-pulmonary manifestations, such as skin/soft tissue or brain lesion

A highly complex variant of the plantaris tendon insertion and its potential clinical relevance.

The body is home to a number of unique and intriguing anatomical structures, plenty of which concern the muscles and their tendons. Of these, the plantaris muscle is reported to present a particularly high range of morphological variations. The muscle, passing distally throughout the length of the lower leg, consists of a small muscle belly and a long, thin tendon. It originates, traditionally, on the popliteal surface of the femur and the knee joint capsule, and then inserts to the calcaneal tuberosity. It has been suggested that mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy may be caused by certain plan

Relevance of Dermabacter hominis isolated from clinical samples, 2012-2016: a retrospective case series.

We investigated the clinical relevance of Dermabacter hominis isolated from samples of 108 patients. Polymicrobial growth was evident in 88% of specimens. Isolation of D. hominis was of definitive or possible significance in only 14% of patients. Vancomycin remains the drug of choice given a penicillin resistance rate of 84%.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea before Ischemic Stroke: Clinical Relevance to Infarction Volume and Neurological Recovery.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a probable risk factor with speculative roles in the induction or aggravation of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). METHODS: The association between OSA and AIS severity was retrospectively analyzed using clinical data of first-onset AIS patients, admitted to our hospital between January 2013 and September 2016. Eligible patients were categorized based on the presence of OSA prior to stroke. Stroke severity and functional outcomes were evaluated using the National Institute of Health Stroke Severity Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRS), resp

Frequency and clinical relevance of anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody in idiopathic interstitial pneumonias.

RATIONALE: Although anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) is highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis (RA), some patients with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia (IIP) are ACPA-positive, but do not fulfill the diagnostic criteria for RA. The clinical significance of ACPA in such patients is as yet unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the frequency of ACPA positivity and its clinical significance in patients initially diagnosed with IIP. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 370 consecutive patients who were diagnosed with IIP and for whom serum ACPA results were available. T

Clinical relevance and treatment outcomes of vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) after obstetric and gynecologic surgery.

OBJECTIVE: Vesicovaginal fistulas (VVF) are consequences from obstetric and gynecologic surgery. Treatment approach from either abdominal or vaginal route have its own pros and cons. The study aims to present the anatomical, clinical and lower urinary tract symptom outcomes of women with VVF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective case series conducted patients with VVF. Data regarding pre-operative evaluation, surgical treatment, and post-operative follow-ups were collected. Surgical approach depended on the cause, type, number, size, location, and time of onset of the fistula. Post-operativ

Clinical relevance of PD-L1 expression in gallbladder cancer: a potential target for therapy.

AIMS: Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a potential target for immune checkpoint inhibitors in various solid neoplasms, has been studied in very few cases of Gall Bladder Carcinoma (GBC). The current study aimed to evaluate PD-L1 expression at primary and metastatic sites of GBC, and its associations with standard prognostic clinicopathological parameters, as well as with overall survival. METHODS AND RESULTS: One hundred and seventy-four cases of GBC were evaluated for PD-L1 expression by the use of the SP263 clone in tissue microarrays. Clinicopathological characteristics and survival data

Genetic screening in early-onset dementia patients with unclear phenotype: relevance for clinical diagnosis.

In a prospective study of dementia in Flanders (Belgium), we observed a substantial fraction of early-onset dementia patients who did not fulfill the criteria for a specific dementia subtype, leaving the patients without a precise clinical diagnosis. We selected 211 of these patients for genetic testing of causal genes linked to neurodegenerative brain diseases. In this group, the onset or inclusion age was 59.9 ± 8.2 years and 27.4% had a positive family history. We used a panel of 16 major genes linked to Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson'

Ultrasound-guided percutaneous compartment release: a novel technique, proof of concept, and clinical relevance.

OBJECTIVE: Ultrasound-guided thread release (USGTR) is a minimally invasive technique with excellent clinical outcomes currently used in clinical practice to divide the transverse carpal ligament in carpal tunnel syndrome. The purpose of this study is to determine whether this technique can be modified for use in large anatomical compartments in soft embalmed cadaveric models. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two operators adapted the USGTR technique for use in muscular compartments of the forearms and legs in a single soft embalmed cadaver. An iterative approach was used to adapt and improve the techn

Executive function impairments in fibromyalgia syndrome: Relevance of clinical variables and body mass index.

BACKGROUND: Several investigations suggest the presence of deterioration of executive function in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS). The study quantified executive functions in patients with FMS. A wide array of functions was assessed, including updating, shifting and inhibition, as well as decision making and mental planning. Moreover, clinical variables were investigated as possible mediators of executive dysfunction, including pain severity, psychiatric comorbidity, medication and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: Fifty-two FMS patients and 32 healthy controls completed a battery of 14 neuropsycho