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Disrupted grey matter network morphology in pediatric posttraumatic stress disorder.

INTRODUCTION: Disrupted topological organization of brain functional networks has been widely observed in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, the topological organization of the brain grey matter (GM) network has not yet been investigated in pediatric PTSD who was more vulnerable to develop PTSD when exposed to stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty two pediatric PTSD patients and 22 matched trauma-exposed controls who survived a massive earthquake (8.0 magnitude on Richter scale) in Sichuan Province of western China in 2008 underwent structural brain imaging with MRI 8-15 months af

Fast and destructive density currents created by ocean-entering volcanic eruptions.

Volcanic eruptions on land create hot and fast pyroclastic density currents, triggering tsunamis or surges that travel over water where they reach the ocean. However, no field study has documented what happens when large volumes of erupted volcanic material are instead delivered directly into the ocean. We show how the rapid emplacement of large volumes of erupted material onto steep submerged slopes triggered extremely fast (122 kilometers per hour) and long-runout (>100 kilometers) seafloor currents. These density currents were faster than those triggered by earthquakes, floods, or storms, a…

Moderating Effect of Personal and Community Resilience on the Relationship Between Disaster Trauma, Disaster Conflict, Economic Loss, and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the effects of disaster trauma, disaster conflict, and economic loss on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and to verify the moderating effect of personal and community resilience in these relationships. The data of 1914 people, aged 20 or above, who had experienced natural disasters (earthquake, typhoon, flooding) were used. METHODS: Hayes's (2013) PROCESS macro (Model 1) was conducted to verify the moderation effect of personal and community resilience between PTSD and disaster trauma, disaster conflict, and economic loss. RESULTS: Disaster tra

Acute-Stage Mental Health Symptoms by Natural Disaster Type: Consultations of Disaster Psychiatric Assistance Teams (DPATs) in Japan.

This study analyzed the support activities that the Disaster Psychiatric Assistance Team (DPAT) in Japan provided following four previous disasters (a volcanic eruption, a mudslide, a flood, and an earthquake) to identify links between the disaster type and the characteristics of acute stage mental disorders observed. Using Disaster Mental Health Information Support System database records of consultations with patients supported by the DPAT during the survey period from 2013 (when DPAT was launched) to 2016, we performed cross-tabulations and investigated significant differences using chi-squ

A preliminary model to evaluate disaster management efforts.

Disasters are diversified in all aspects: they range from storms and tornadoes to earthquakes, tsunamis and cyclones etc. They affect a range of countries. Most disasters are caused by geographical factors. The overall response depends on the wealth of a country. For example, Japan is better prepared than Nepal or Haiti. Disaster responses are multidimensional and are assumed to be effective. From a service quality perspective, groups of responders provide services to victims. Effectiveness and efficiency of victim services are perhaps two outcome measures. Unfortunately, published studies on …

Collegiate Neurosurgery in Disaster and Mass Medical Emergencies: Lessons Learned from Mexico.

Every year, natural or people-generated disasters disrupt the functioning of society, causing human, and material loses, which lead to an increase in the demand for medical attention. In the morning of September 19, 2017, a 7.1-magnitude earthquake struck Mexico City and four other cities, leaving around 19 million people affected and 331 dead. Although the medical response was timely, most of the efforts fell short because demand exceeded responsiveness. This incident evidenced the challenges that we have as caregivers with mass medical emergency, and the need for direct and well-structured i

Pandemics, regional outbreaks, and sudden-onset disasters.

Pandemics of influenza, cholera, and plague are part of global history. Regional epidemics and pandemics of infectious diseases, primarily influenza A, continue to cause significant morbidity and mortality while remaining unpredictable in nature. Sudden-onset disasters such as earthquakes and floods occur with little warning. The consequences of climate change and environmental degradation can only be expected to increase the incidence of some infectious diseases and weather-related crises, adding to the unpredictability of such events. Health leaders, both in public health and healthcare, nee…

[Muscle crush injury and crush syndrome].

Crush injury is defined as compression of extremities or other parts of the body that causes muscle breakdown (traumatic rhabdomyolysis). Systemic consequences of crush injuries are as follows: rhabdomyolysis, electrolyte and acid-base abnormalities, hypovolemia, and acute renal failure. Crush injuries are important injuries in disaster situations: earthquakes, hurricanes, mining and road traffic accidents, war, collapse of buildings, etc. In this review article, there are discussed about epidemiology of crush syndrome, risk factors, pathophysiology (mechanisms of muscle cell injury, release o…

What we can learn about recovery: lessons from the Fukushima survivors.

Recovery from disaster can take a lifetime, and people looking in from outside might not appreciate the stages of recovery. Little talked about is the stigma, which might attach to the survivors of a disaster, especially if it is a man-made disaster. This paper documents the account of a Japanese nursing student who visited the area 18 months after the Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami, talked to the people there, and shared her reflections. The experiences of the Fukushima survivors are linked to those of victims of other disasters, whose recovery was impeded by being discriminated agai

Does time matter? The temporal relationship between peritraumatic reactions and post-traumatic stress disorder: parallel-process latent growth curve model.

BACKGROUND: Peritraumatic dissociation and distress are among the most frequently studied early correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), yet their temporal role following large-scale disasters remains insufficiently understood. AIMS: This study examined the temporal relationship between peritraumatic dissociation, peritraumatic distress and PTSD symptoms across 3 waves spanning 2 years following the February 2023 Turkey earthquakes. METHOD: Data were collected approximately 2 months (Time 1; N = 261), 1 year (Time 2; n = 182) and 2 years post-earthquake (Time 3; n = 131). PTSD sy…

Neurofilation Light Chain and Multical Sclerosis: Создание нейрофундационной модели биомаркеров и диагностики.

Нейрофильтральная световая цепочка (NfL) — изобилие цитоскелетного белка в нейронах — стала перспективным биомаркером сыворотки, указывающим на то, что неконкретные нейронные повреждения являются вторичными по отношению к различным неврологическим заболеваниям, включая множественный склероз (MS). Появляющиеся данные свидетельствуют о том, что уровни сыворотки NfL соотносятся с будущей инвалидностью, атрофией головного мозга, прогнозированием новых заболеваний и снижением в ответ на различные методы лечения, корректирующие заболевания. По мере того как исследования продолжают подтверждать потен

Совпадение в полном тексте источника
… Scenario 2 Imagine a second home hit by a large earthquake. In this scenario, there would be damage to the entire property: roof, home, and foundation. In our model, this would be represented by both abnormal imaging as well as a substantial and sustained elevation of serum NfL. … We realize that in many cases of MS, patients have evidence of both occult “flooding”, as well as superimposed “fires” and/or “earthquakes” indicating ongoing insidious progression with superimposed inflammation. …

Fifty years of struggle to control cutaneous leishmaniasis in the highest endemic county in Iran: A longitudinal observation inferred with interrupted time series model.

Negligible data are available following major social activities and environmental changes on leishmaniasis. Therefore, how interactions between these events influence cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) risk is not well-known. This longitudinal study was undertaken to explore the impact of interventions conducted between 1971 and 2020 in Bam county, which has had the highest disease burden in Iran. Only confirmed CL cases during this period were taken into account. Data were analyzed by SPSS 22 using the X2 test to assess the significance of the difference between proportions. Moreover, we used inter

Year in review 2009: Critical Care--cardiac arrest, trauma and disasters.

During 2009, Critical Care published nine papers on various aspects of resuscitation, prehospital medicine, trauma care and disaster response. One article demonstrated that children as young as 9 years of age can learn cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) effectively, although, depending on their size, some may have difficulty performing it. Another paper showed that while there was a trend toward mild therapeutic hypothermia reducing S-100 levels, there was no statistically significant change. Another predictor study also showed a strong link between acute kidney injury and neurologic outcome

Human rights assessment in Parc Jean Marie Vincent, Port-au-Prince, Haiti.

Months after a 7.0 magnitude earthquake hit Port-au-Prince, Haiti, over one million remain homeless and living in spontaneous internally displaced person (IDP) camps. Billions of dollars from aid organizations and government agencies have been pledged toward the relief effort, yet many basic human needs, including food, shelter, and sanitation, continue to be unmet. The Sphere Project, "Humanitarian Charter and Minimum Standards in Disaster Response," identifies the minimum standards to be attained in disaster response. From a human rights perspective and utilizing key indicators from the Sphe

[Epidemiology of addictive disorders and behaviors in Japan].

Nationwide surveys to clarify the characteristics and trends of the addictive disorders and behaviors including alcohol dependence, nicotine dependence, internet addiction and pathological gambling among Japanese adults were carried out in 2003, 2008, and 2013. At the part of the surveys on addictive behaviors in disaster stricken area by the Great East Japan Earthquake, the nationwide survey on benzodiazepine dependence was conducted in 2013. Epidemiological features of prevalent addictive disorders and behaviors were described. We observed large number of estimated patients with addictive di

Modern cholera in the Americas: an opportunistic societal infection.

In the Americas, the only two cholera epidemics of the past century have occurred in the past 25 years. Lessons from the 1991 Peruvian cholera epidemic can help to focus and refine the response to the current Haitian epidemic. After three years of acute epidemic response, we have an opportunity to refocus on the chronic conditions that make societies vulnerable to cholera. More importantly, even as international attention wanes in the aftermath of the earthquake and acute epidemic, we are faced with a need for continued and coordinated investment in improving Haiti's structural defenses agains

["Floating interphalangeal joint". A case report].

We report the case of a combination of closed extra-articular phalangeal fractures of the thumb, creating a floating interphalangeal joint. The lesions described were the result of a direct trauma to the thumb during the earthquake in Haiti in January 2010. It was fixed seven days after the trauma using a percutaneous external fixation with a dorsal frame or Martinique's "Ti'fix" - a modification of the Beaubourg fixator. We describe this simple, economical and improved quality method of fixation. Consolidation permitted the removal of the external fixator a month after surgery, followed by ea

Overview of exposure to and effects from radionuclides in terrestrial and marine environments.

The accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, precipitated by the devastating earthquake and subsequent tsunami that struck the northeastern coast of Japan in March 2011, has raised concerns about potential impacts to terrestrial and marine environments from radionuclides released into the environment. A preliminary understanding of the potential ecological impacts from radionuclides can be ascertained from observations and data developed following previous environmental incidents elsewhere in the world. This article briefly summarizes how biota experience exposure to ionizing rad

Molecular origin of sliding friction and flash heating in rock and heterogeneous materials.

It is generally believed that earthquakes occur when faults weaken with increasing slip rates. An important factor contributing to this phenomenon is the faults' dynamic friction, which may be reduced during earthquakes with high slip rates, a process known as slip-rate weakening. It has been hypothesized that the weakening phenomenon during fault slip may be activated by thermal pressurization of pores' fluid and flash heating, a microscopic phenomenon in which heat is generated at asperity contacts due to high shear slip rates. Due to low thermal conductivity of rock, the heat generated at t…