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2-Buten-4-olide (2-B4O) inhibits experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats.

Starvation is well known to induce immune suppression. Moreover, the concentration of 2-B4O, an endogenous sugar acid, is elevated in the circulation during starvation. To determine if these events are related, the influence of 2-B4O on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats, a model of human multiple sclerosis (MS), was studied. EAE, characterized by paralysis of hind legs, was induced by immunization with residues 68 to 84 (MB 68-84) of the guinea pig myelin basic protein (MBP) in complete adjuvant H37Ra. Interestingly, the daily administration of 2-B4O intraperitoneally…

Induction of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV)-induced demyelinating disease in genetically resistant mice.

Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus-induced demyelinating disease, a murine model for multiple sclerosis, is the result of persistent infection which leads to a T cell-mediated immunopathology. Susceptible strains develop virus-specific DTH responses while resistant strains do not, and this response has been proposed as the basis for inflammation and demyelination. (C57BL/6 x DBA/2)F1 hybrid animals, normally resistant to TMEV-induced demyelinating disease, become susceptible when treated in vivo prior to infection with low dose cyclophosphamide. Comparable pretreatment of other resistant…

Transmission of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus by Aedes sollicitans and Aedes taeniorhynchus (Diptera: Culicidae).

Experimental studies compared the vector competence of Aedes sollicitans (Skuse) and Ae. taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann) collected on Assateague Island, Va., for an epizootic strain (Trinidad donkey) of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus. Infection rates were significantly higher in Ae. sollicitans (101/107, 94%) than in Ae. taeniorhynchus (103/175, 59%), even though both species fed concurrently on the same infected hamsters. Similarly, dissemination and transmission rates were significantly higher in the Ae. sollicitans population tested. Although both Ae. taeniorhynchus and Ae. soll…

Enzyme immunoassay for detection of antibodies against eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus in sentinel chickens.

We developed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the detection of immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG subclass antibodies directed against eastern equine encephalomyelitis (EEE) virus in chickens. The assays were compared with the serum plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for ability to detect antibodies against EEE virus in laboratory-infected birds. No cross-reactivity was detected in serum from chickens inoculated with St. Louis encephalitis or Highlands J virus. The interval after infection when EEE virus-specific antibodies were first detected …

Platelet-activating factor antagonists do not protect against the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

There is evidence suggesting the involvement of the platelet-activating factor (PAF) in central nervous system (CNS) functions. The possibility exists that PAF may be relevant in eliciting cell-mediated autoimmune phenomena in CNS. To assess the role of PAF in the pathogenesis of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), male Lewis rats were primed with whole spinal cord from guinea pig, emulsified in Freund's adjuvant supplemented with 10 mg/ml of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, H37Ra strain. Treatment with two different PAF antagonists (PCA 4248, WEB 2170) was applied starting from day 1 …

Changes in serum and striatal free amino acids after Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus infection.

The infection with the Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus produced a significant increase in the concentration of alanine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, tyrosine, and valine in the striatum of rats. On the contrary, the concentrations of aspartate, GABA, glutamate, and taurine were reduced. Arginine, aspartate, glycine, methionine, phenylalanine, taurine, and tyrosine concentrations were increased in the serum of infected rats. However, the modifications in the content of free amino acids in the striatum and serum…

Vector competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus for allopatric and epizootic Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viruses.

The vector competence of Culex (Melanoconion) taeniopus was examined in the laboratory for "enzootic" allopatric and "epizootic" strains of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis viruses of hemagglutination inhibition subtypes I, II, III, and IV. Following bloodmeals from viremic hamsters, and extrinsic incubation of 20-22 days, mosquitoes were allowed to refeed for transmission attempts. Infection rates never exceeded 50% with oral doses of less than 10(4) chick embryo cell culture plaque forming units (CECPFU), and approached 100% only after ingestion of greater than or equal to 10(5.5) PFU. Tr…

[Progressive Borrelia encephalomyelitis. Chronic manifestation of erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system].

A 54-year-old housewife became ill with transient diplopia followed by facial paralysis, tremor of the right hand and a progressively worsen … spinal fluid of chronic inflammation and disruption of CSF barriers in particular. This progressive encephalomyelitis differs from the common and spontaneously healing meningo-polyneuritis (Garin-Bujadoux-Bannworth), the usual manifestation of erythema chronicum migrans of the nervous system, in its progressive nature, its invasion of the CNS and the possible long …

Uncoupled relationship between demyelination and primary infection of myelinating cells in Theiler's virus encephalomyelitis.

Theiler's virus infection in mice produces a chronic demyelinating disease which appears to be based on an immune pathogenesis rather than on direct viral destruction of myelin-supporting cells. The purpose of the present study is to ascertain whether viral antigen is present in the cytoplasm of such cells in areas of demyelination. Because of the difficulty of identifying oligodendrocytes in tissues rich in infiltrating mononuclear cells and fixed for immunohistochemistry, I turned to a recently described form of Theiler's virus encephalomyelitis which follows inoculation with the attenuated …

Central origin of fatigability in Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome revealed by multimodal neuroimaging.

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating chronic disease characterized by physical and mental fatigue, post-exertional malaise, muscle pain, headaches, and unrefreshing sleep. Fatigability refers to a reduction of muscular force over time despite willed effort and has a central and a peripheral component. We studied whether fatigability in ME/CFS is related to central or peripheral mechanisms. We recruited fifteen patients with ME/CFS and nineteen age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (with seven females in each group). Participants performed a fatiguing …

1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivative: A Potential Anti-inflammatory and Antioxidant Agent in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

1,3,4-Oxadiazole derivatives have attracted substantial attention as promising therapeutic agents for neurodegenerative disorders due to their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties. This study specifically examined a 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative, i.e.,-{[5-(3-bromophenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl] sulfanyl} ethan-1-ol (abbreviated as OX-1), in the context of multiple sclerosis (MS). Currently, approximately 2.8 million individuals worldwide are living with MS. The study demonstrates the therapeutic potential of OX-1 using the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS.…

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis impairs the immunomodulatory effects of mesenchymal stem cells on splenocyte responses.

BACKGROUND: The effect of disease conditions on the differentiation capability of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been extensively studied. However, the mechanism by which disease-related alterations in MSCs affect the immune response has not been reported. METHODS AND RESULTS: MSCs were isolated from adipose tissue of healthy and EAE-induced mice and cultured with or without preconditioning usinglipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 ng/mL). The immunomodulatory effects of MSC-conditioned media (CM) on the recall responses of splenocytes were evaluated. Cytokine levels, including IL-10, TGF-β, IL-17a

Circulating Levels of SMPDL3B Define Metabolic Endophenotypes and Subclinical Kidney Alterations in Myalgic Encephalomyelitis.

Myalgic Encephalomyelitis (ME) is a complex, multisystem disorder with poorly understood pathophysiological mechanisms. SMPDL3B, a membrane-associated protein expressed in renal podocytes, is essential for lipid raft integrity and glomerular barrier function. We hypothesize that reduced membrane-bound SMPDL3B may contribute to podocyte dysfunction and impaired renal physiology in ME. To investigate this, we quantified soluble SMPDL3B in plasma and urine as a surrogate marker of membrane-bound SMPDL3B status and assessed renal clearance and plasma metabolomic profiles. In a cross-sectional stud…

Predisposing and Precipitating Factors in Epstein-Barr Virus-Caused Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome.

Long COVID following SARS-CoV-2 and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) following infectious mononucleosis (IM) are two examples of post-viral syndromes. The identification of risk factors predisposing patients to developing and maintaining post-infectious syndromes may help uncover their underlying mechanisms. The majority of patients with ME/CFS report infectious illnesses before the onset of ME/CFS, with 30% of cases of ME/CFS due to IM caused by the Epstein-Barr virus. After developing IM, one study found 11% of adults had ME/CFS at 6 months and 9% had ME/CFS at 1 y…

Лечение хлорокина улучшает экспериментальный аутоиммунный энцефаломиэлит, сдерживая дифференциацию клеток Т и аккумуляцию PDC.

ЦЕЛИ: Хлорохин (CQ) использовался для лечения ревматоидного артрита и системного волчанка эритематоса, однако его использование в множестве склероза (MS) ограничивается побочными эффектами и недостаточной эффективностью. Для повышения эффективности лечения решающее значение имеет понимание терапевтических механизмов ОВ в НР. Таким образом, мы ввели CQ в мышей с экспериментальным аутоиммунным энцефаломиэлитом (EAE) и изучили его воздействие на аммиляцию заболеваний и основные клеточные механизмы.МЕТОДЫ: CQ применялся внутриперитонно через шесть дней после введения EAE, иммунной реакции с уделен

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
OBJECTIVES: Chloroquine (CQ) has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, but its use in multiple sclerosis … rapeutic mechanisms in MS is crucial. Thus, we administered CQ to mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) and investigated its disease-ameliorating effects and underlying cellular mechanisms. METHODS: CQ was applied intraperitoneally six days after EAE induction, immune responses, with a focus on inflammatory and regulatory T cells, as well as de …

Адаптация экспериментальной аутоиммунной энцефаломиелитной модели улучшает предклиническую оценку потенциальных множественных склерозных терапевтических препаратов.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим заболеванием центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующимся как воспалением, так и нейродегенерацией, а также ограниченными возможностями лечения. Сложный характер патофизиологии MS и ее изменяющийся прогресс создают серьезные проблемы для разработки эффективных методов лечения. Экспериментальная аутоиммунная энцефаломиелит (EAE) модель MS в ее наиболее распространенной форме является агрессивным заболеванием, которое не является репрезентативным для курса MS и обеспечивает ограниченное время для оценки наркотиков. Цель этого исследования з

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS), exhibiting hallmarks of both inflammation and … sion pose severe challenges for the development of effective therapies. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) MS model, in its most common form, is an aggressive disease, which is not representative of the MS course and offers a limited time window for drug evaluation. This study aimed to generate an attenuated EAE variant, which extends the clinical …