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High virulence gene diversity in Streptococcus pyogenes isolated in Central Italy.

Globally, Streptococcus pyogenes poses a continuous burden on human health, causing both self-limiting and life-threatening diseases. Therefore, studying the profile of virulence genes and their combinations is essential to monitor the epidemiology and pathogenic potential of this important species. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze related genetic features of clinical strains collected in Italy in 2012 in order to obtain a valid picture of their virulence profile that could be compared to similar studies made in other countries approximately in the same period. We conducted emm typin…

Genomic Characterization of Gonococci from Different Anatomic Sites, Italy, 2007-2014.

In recent decades, Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to several antimicrobial classes. Molecular epidemiology approaches are useful for detecting emerging, often resistant, gonococcal clones. In this study, 67 N. gonorrhoeae isolates from different anatomic sites, collected over 8 years in Italy, were analyzed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). WGS was performed using the Illumina NextSeq 500 platform. Phylogenetic analysis was based on core single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST). N. gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing (NG-MAS…

Food-borne botulism in Apulia region, Italy: an expert witness testimony.

We report the epidemiology of food-borne botulism in Puglia, Italy, between 1977-2017, using surveillance data and Experts' personal observations. As the disease is rare, the diagnosis is often missed or delayed, and cases are initially misdiagnosed. This was the case of a family outbreak of botulism in the 1970s.

Psoriatic arthritis onset in psoriatic patients receiving UV phototherapy in Italy.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, and immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects 2-3% of the world population. A substan … ective epidemiological study was performed in 8 dermatological reference center, located throughout Italy (2 from Northern, 3 from Center, 3 from Southern); a period of 1 year was considered. Data from the overall study population including 326 patients with a diagnosis of psoriasis were analyzed. Furthermore, data coming from follow-up visits, includin …

Epidemiological survey on cystic echinococcosis in wild boar from Central Italy.

Despite the wide distribution of wild boar populations in Italy and the increase of its diffusion in urbanized areas, only one case report has described the occurrence of Echinococcus granulosus s.l. in a wild boar from Marche (Central Italy). The present study investigated the presence of E. granulosus sensu lato with an epidemiological survey on wild boars from central Italy that had been killed during hunting season. Seven hundred sixty-five (765) adult wild boars were examined during the 2016-2017 hunting season. Of these animals, 1.0% (8/765) were positive to E. granulosus s.l. with a fer…

Human anisakiasis in Italy: a retrospective epidemiological study over two decades.

A retrospective analysis on human anisakiasis in Italy since its first description in 1996 was performed by conducting a literature search. Inclusion criteria based on the presence of a larva and on parasite identification were applied. Epidemiological data and clinical features were analysed. Particular attention was paid to the source of infection. In total, 73 cases were included in the analysis, while 34 were excluded. Cases were reported from eight Italian regions, most frequently Abruzzo, Apulia and Latium. The parasite was detected by endoscopy (51.4%) or laparotomy (48.6%). The site of…

Fulminant septic shock caused by Capnocytophaga canimorsus in Italy: Case report.

Capnocytophaga canimorsus infection was recently recognized as a zoonosis. We report the first case of fulminant septic shock in Italy caused by this pathogen. The patient, with a history of splenectomy, died at the main hospital in Brescia with a presumptive diagnosis of sepsis. PCR and sequencing on post mortem samples confirmed C. canimorsus as a causative organism. Our purpose is to alert medical professionals to the virulence of C. canimorsus in asplenic and immunocompromised patients.

Parents' insights after pediatric hospitalization due to rotavirus gastroenteritis in Italy.

Most of the severe cases of acute gastroenteritis in infants and children under 5 globally are caused by rotavirus infection. There are nearly 15,000 rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) hospitalizations in Italy each year, which could be reduced by available rotavirus vaccines. In addition to the economic and societal burden, RVGE hospitalization could impact families negatively. The aim of this survey was to obtain parents' insights after hospitalization of their child for RVGE. Parents, of 500 children aged 0-5 years, were interviewed about their experience of RVGE hospitalization and asked to …

Meningococcal serogroup B vaccine: Knowledge and acceptability among parents in Italy.

This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes about Meningococcal meningitis B and the relative vaccine for children among a sample of parents in Italy. A cross-sectional investigation was conducted from October to December 2015 among a sample of 910 parents in the geographic area of Naples and Salerno (Italy). In total, 543 of 910 parents returned a completed questionnaire for a response rate of 59.7%. Almost all parents had heard about meningitis (95.8%), 79.8% of these knew the mode of transmission (through respiratory droplets) and 62.5% knew the susceptible population (infants,…

ESICM LIVES 2016: part two : Milan, Italy. 1–5 October 2016

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Melanoma and immunotherapy bridge 2015 : Naples, Italy. 1-5 December 2015.

MELANOMA BRIDGE 2015 KEYNOTE SPEAKER PRESENTATIONS Molecular and immuno-advances K1 Immunologic and metabolic consequences of PI3K/AKT/mTOR activation in melanoma Vashisht G. Y. Nanda, Weiyi Peng, Patrick Hwu, Michael A. Davies K2 Non-mutational adaptive changes in melanoma cells exposed to BRAF and MEK inhibitors help the establishment of drug resistance Gennaro Ciliberto, Luigi Fattore, Debora Malpicci, Luigi Aurisicchio, Paolo Antonio Ascierto, Carlo M. Croce, Rita Mancini K3 Tumor-intrinsic beta-catenin signaling mediates tumor-immune avoidance Stefani Spranger, Thomas F. Gajewski K4 Intra

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… Pascale”, Naples, Italy; 2 Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale e Clinica, Università degli Studi di Catanzaro “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro, Italy; 3 Takis s.r.l., Rome, Italy; 4 Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus … Oncology and Immunotherapy, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy; 6 Division of Medical Oncology, Papa Giovanni XXIII Hospital, Bergamo, Italy; 7 Department of Biotherapy, N. …

Angiostrongylus vasorum infection in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in southern Italy.

Angiostrongylus vasorum (Nematoda: Angiostrongylidae) infection was detected at post-mortem examination in the pulmonary arteries and hearts of 34/102 (33,3%) of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) from the Campania Region in southern Italy. Pathological changes consisted of granulomatous interstitial pneumonia caused by larvae and intravascular pulmonary adult nematodes. These changes confirm that angiostrongylosis infection in red foxes has a mainly chronic course, in which the infected host may disperse parasite larvae in the environment over its lifetime. Results suggest that the life cycle of A. va…

Evidence of West Nile virus lineage 2 circulation in Northern Italy.

A West Nile virus (WNV) strain belonging to lineage 2 was for the first time detected in two pools of Culex pipiens collected in the province of Udine and in tissues of a wild collared dove (Streptopelia decaocto) found dead in the province of Treviso, in North East of Italy. It was molecularly identified by group and WNV lineage specific RT-PCRs and characterized by partial sequencing of the NS3 and NS5 genes. When compared with the sequences of same fragments of NS3 and NS5 of the WNV lineage 2 strain isolated from birds of prey in Hungary (2004), the phylogenetic analysis of these sequences…

Molecular subtyping of Blastocystis sp. isolates from symptomatic patients in Italy.

Blastocystis sp. is the most common eukaryotic parasite in the intestinal tract of humans. Due to its potential impact in public health, we determined the Blastocystis sp. subtypes (STs) and their relative frequency in symptomatic patients living in or in the vicinity of two Italian cities (Rome and Sassari). A total of 34 Blastocystis sp. isolates corresponding to 26 single and 4 mixed infections were subtyped using partial small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. From this molecular approach, the ST distribution in the present Italian population was as follows: ST3 (47.1%), ST2 (20.6%),

Widespread microbiological groundwater contamination in the South-eastern Salento (Puglia-Italy).

In the Salento peninsula (Puglia Region, South-East Italy), underground waters are a fundamental resource for the population because they constitute the principal reservoir for drinking water and irrigation. They are, however, affected by overexploitation. The risk factors in the Salento arise mainly from anthropic activities, especially tourism and agriculture (leaking wells, sewage and inadequate waste disposal procedures). The Southern Salento is recognized to be at high risk of pathologies characterised by oral-faecal transmission. From 2001 to 2009 the incidence of typhoid fever in the Sa…

Healthcare-associated infection in Italy: annual point-prevalence surveys, 2002-2004.

OBJECTIVE: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. During the period from 2002 through 2004, a group of Italian hospitals was recruited to conduct HAI point-prevalence surveys. DESIGN: Three point-prevalence surveys. METHODS: A total of 9,609 patients were surveyed. RESULTS: The overall frequency of HAI was 6.7% (645 infections among the 9,609 surveyed patients). The most frequent HAIs were lower respiratory tract infections, which accounted for 35.8% (231 of 645 HAIs) of all HAIs, followed by urinary tract infections (152 [23.6%]

Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes isolates from human listeriosis cases in Italy.

The objective of this study was to characterize by serotyping, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and PCR amplification of virulence genes and markers of epidemic clones I, II, and III (ECI, ECII, and ECIII) 54 human isolates from apparently sporadic cases of infection occurring in the Lombardy region and in the province of Florence, Tuscany, Italy, in the years 1996 to 2007. Listeria monocytogenes isolates were provided by the clinical microbiology laboratories of the Lombardy region and the "Careggi" Hospital of Florence, Tuscany, Italy. Serotyping, PFGE after digestion with the AscI a…