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Framing alcohol harm in the UN context - the importance of language.

BACKGROUND: Alcohol is a global health issue with a high level of controversy. After being absent from World Health Organization (WHO) global governing body discussions for about 20 years, alcohol re-entered the agenda in 2005. The expression 'harmful use of alcohol' became the compromise language after hard negotiations, an example of 'adopted language" that has remained for almost 20 years. This article analyses the background and use of the expression 'harmful use of alcohol' in the context of WHO governing bodies, current challenges and implications for public health. METHODS: The article…

Leftward asymmetry of the planum temporale and its association with language.

Several cortical brain regions show structural left-right asymmetries. One of the most pronounced forms of structural asymmetry in the human brain is the leftward macrostructural asymmetry of the planum temporale, the posterior part of the superior surface of the temporal lobe. The planum temporale overlaps with Wernicke's area, a core structure in the brain network involved in sensory language processing. Therefore, several studies have investigated the association between macrostructural leftward asymmetries of the planum temporale and functional leftward asymmetries in language processing. …

The effects on tACS and tRNS on language function: A literature review.

Transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) techniques are promising noninvasive tools for modulating language-related neural processes. While transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been well studied, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) and transcranial random noise stimulation (tRNS) remain less characterized. This review synthesizes findings from 11 studies (394 participants) investigating the effects of tACS and tRNS on language processing in neurotypical individuals. Both techniques significantly enhance phonological and semantic processing, with a moderate overal…

Measuring the semantic priming effect across many languages.

Semantic priming has been studied for nearly 50 years across various experimental manipulations and theoretical frameworks. Although previous studies provide insight into the cognitive underpinnings of semantic representations, they have suffered from small sample sizes and a lack of linguistic and cultural diversity. In this Registered Report, we measured the size and the variability of the semantic priming effect across 19 languages (n = 25,163 participants analysed) by creating the largest available database of semantic priming values using an adaptive sampling procedure. We found evidence …

Language use and identity in an ethnically heterogeneous deaf community.

Within the Hungarian Deaf minority in Romania, a combination of two distinct types of culturally rooted minority identity occurs, which gene … , Hungarian minority Deaf demonstrate a high capacity and willingness to adapt to the specific sign language communicational mode of the ethnic Romanian Deaf majority in order to gain and preserve full recognition as equal members of the community.

Augmentative and Alternative Communication and Sign Language for Deaf+ Individuals.

With approximately 40-50% of deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) individuals also having a disability, complex communication needs are particularly prevalent in this population. Augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) systems can address these complex communication needs, support language acquisition, and facilitate communicative engagement. This article examines (a) the role of AAC in supporting DHH individuals with disabilities (DHH+), (b) the integration of AAC with sign language, and (c) the relevant considerations when assigning and implementing AAC for this group. The literature revi…

The Relationship Between Community Size and Iconicity in Sign Languages.

Communication is harder in larger communities. Past research shows that this leads larger communities to create languages that are easier to learn and use. In particular, previous research suggests that spoken languages that are used by larger communities are more sound symbolic than spoken languages used by smaller communities, presumably, because sound symbolism facilitates language acquisition and use. This study tests whether the same principle extends to sign languages as the role of iconicity in the acquisition and use of sign languages is debated. Furthermore, sign languages are more ic…

The language use Inventory-Persian: report of the psychometric properties.

BACKGROUND: Pragmatic language assessment is a necessary component of evaluation in language impairments. Some procedures are applied to assess pragmatic abilities in childhood. Parent-report questionnaires are among the most useful instruments for evaluating pragmatics in real situations. This study aimed to translate and adapt the Language Use Inventory (LUI) into Persian and examine its psychometric properties. METHOD: It was a methodological and cross-sectional study. We pursued the steps of translation and adaptation of this questionnaire into Persian according to a standard guideline. T…

Characteristics of Early Language Development in Children With Williams Syndrome.

Williams Syndrome (WS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by dissonance in cognition and language. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of early language development in WS children. Seventeen children, aged 2-5 years, diagnosed with WS in the outpatient department of child healthcare in our hospital from December 2020 to June 2023, were included in this study. In the same period, 39 children with global developmental delay (GDD) diagnosed in the outpatient department of child healthcare in our hospital were included as the control group. All childre…

Характеристика расширенной языковой сети у лиц с множественным склерозом.

СПРАВОЧНАЯ ИНФОРМАЦИЯ: Лингвистическая дисфункция все чаще признается в качестве широко распространенной и ранее затронутой когнитивной области у лиц, имеющих MS. ЦЕЛИ: Разработка сетевой модели лингвистической дисфункции в РС. МЕТОДЫ: Когнитивные данные и 3Т функционального и структурного МРТ мозга были получены от 54 пациентов MS и 54 пациентов, отвечающих требованиям здорового образа жизни (HC). Были рассчитаны функциональные сводные показатели (объективность, сегрегация, взаимозависимость, внутреннюю связь) расширенной языковой сети (ЭЛН) и определены метрики структурной съемки. Была прове

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Language dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a prevalent and early affected cognitive domain in individuals with MS. OBJECTIVES: To establish a network-level model of language dysfunction in MS. METHODS: Cognitive data and 3T functional and structural brain MRI were acquired from 54 MS patients and 54 matched healthy controls (HCs). Funct…

Heschl's gyrus and the temporal pole: The cortical lateralization of language.

The left lateralization of language has been attributed to hemispheric specialization for processing rapidly changing information. While interhemispheric differences in auditory cortex organization support this view, the macrostructure of the entire cerebral cortex has not been thoroughly examined from this perspective. This study investigated hemispheric asymmetries in cortical surface area and thickness and their relationship to pronunciation scores from oral reading using the Human Connectome Project Young Adult dataset (N=1113). Heschl's gyrus had the most left-lateralized surface area, wh…

Evaluation of a Pilot Spanish Language Program for Student Pharmacists.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to present findings from an evaluation of the Spanish Language Track (SLT) for student pharmacists, which assessed student outcomes and feedback. METHODS: A mixed-methods program evaluation was conducted with the first cohort of the SLT members (N = 10). Participants completed pre/post-surveys and focus groups. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive and frequency analysis, while qualitative data were thematically analyzed. RESULTS: With a focus on qualitative themes, quantitative results support themes 1, 2, and 3 on the basis of findings from the self-assess…

The language of marketing hyperbole and consumer perception-The case of Glasgow.

The aim of the study was to explore the potential of a timed word association task to generate detailed insights into the perception of Glasgow city and its people which could inform destination and brand marketing. Destination marketers have a challenge to convey the tourist destination image to attract and satisfy the expectations of its visitors. Yet destination perceptions are often the result of multiple tourist visitor experiences at a location, neglecting the voice of the resident. The extent to which word associations varied by participants' relationship to Glasgow was identified in te

Speech and language markers of neurodegeneration: a call for global equity.

In the field of neurodegeneration, speech and language assessments are useful for diagnosing aphasic syndromes and for characterizing other disorders. As a complement to classic tests, scalable and low-cost digital tools can capture relevant anomalies automatically, potentially supporting the quest for globally equitable markers of brain health. However, this promise remains unfulfilled due to limited linguistic diversity in scientific works and clinical instruments. Here we argue for cross-linguistic research as a core strategy to counter this problem. First, we survey the contributions of li…

The Effects of American Sign Language on English Reading Proficiency.

The authors examine the effects of American Sign Language (ASL) on English reading achievement and English reading comprehension. A systematic review of relevant primary research and research-integrated journal articles was conducted. Based on interpretations of a few salient articles and other sources (e.g., books) selected in a professional review, background on the ASL-English situation is provided. The authors discuss whether the findings reflect a pattern or suggest instructional implications for improving English reading comprehension. Also discussed is whether the findings are confounde…

Audiological and Speech and Language Characteristics of a Case with Hunter's Syndrome.

Ectopic ACTH secretion represents 8-18% of the cases of endogenous hypercortisolism. Pheochromocytomas correspond to 2-25% of the cases and surgery is the indicated treatment. We describe a case of ACTH-secreting pheochromocytoma treated with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) guided by computed tomography (CT). A 71-yr-old man presented with diabetes, severe hypokalemia, weight loss, muscle weakness, and hypertension. Hormonal evaluation revealed elevated levels of urinary cortisol, ACTH, catecholamines, and urinary metanephrines. There was no cortisol or ACTH response to desmopressin stimu

Translation and validation of the Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire in the Urdu language.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The Pelvic Girdle Questionnaire (PGQ) is designed to determine pain and limited activities in pregnant and postpartum women with pelvic girdle pain (PGP). The purpose of this study was to translate the PGQ into the Urdu language and find out the cross-cultural validity and reliability of the Urdu PGQ among pregnant and postpartum women. METHODS: A translation and cultural adaptation study was performed following international guidelines. The PGQ (the Urdu version) was drafted and a pilot study was conducted on 16 pregnant and postpartum women. A total of 125 pregn…

Language considerations for children of parents with substance use disorders.

Parents with substance use disorders are highly stigmatized by multiple systems (e.g., healthcare, education, legal, social). As a result, they are more likely to experience discrimination and health inequities [1, 2]. Children of parents with substance use disorders often do not fare any better, as they frequently experience stigma and poorer outcomes by association [3, 4]. Calls to action for person-centered language for alcohol and other drug problems have led to improved terminology [5-8]. Despite a long history of stigmatizing, offensive labels such as "children of alcoholics" and "crack …

YouTube as a source of information for retinopathy of prematurity in the Arabic language.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of blindness in infants thus it is important to raise awareness about this disease. As online platforms are a popular source of medical information; the purpose of this study is to evaluate the credibility of the content of YouTube videos on ROP in the Arabic language. The first 40 relevant videos were included and were independently reviewed by two ophthalmologists employing six assessment tools: reliability, accuracy, quality, comprehensiveness, overall viewer experience, and usefulness. Out of the 40 videos that were analysed, only 29 were…