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Doubly blind: a systematic review of gender in randomised controlled trials.

BackgroundAlthough observational data show social characteristics such as gender or socio-economic status to be strong predictors of health, their impact is seldom investigated in randomised controlled studies (RCTs).Objective & designUsing a random sample of recent RCTs from high-impact journals, we examined how the most often recorded social characteristic, sex/gender, is considered in design, analysis, and interpretation. Of 712 RCTs published from September 2008 to 31 December 2013 in the Annals of Internal Medicine, British Medical Journal, Lancet, Canadian Medical Association Journal, or

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… Ritonavir-boosted lopinavir plus nucleoside or nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors versus ritonavir-boosted lopinavir plus raltegravir for treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults with virological failure of a standard first-line ART regimen (SECOND-LINE): a randomised, open-label, non-inferiority …

The direct and indirect effects of COVID-19 pandemic in a real-life hematological setting.

BackgroundClinical outcomes of novel coronavirus 2019 disease (COVID-19) in onco-hematological patients are unknown. When compared to non-immunocompromised patients, onco-hematological patients seem to have higher mortality rates.AimsWe describe the characteristics and outcomes of a consecutive cohort of 24 onco-hematological patients with COVID-19 during the first month of the pandemic. We also describe variations in healthcare resource utilization within our hematology department.Methods and resultsData from patients between the first month of the pandemic were retrospectively collected. Cli

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… , Darunavir/Ritonavir; DLBCL, diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma; EI, endotracheal intubation; FL, follicular lymphoma; HCQ, hydroxychloroquine; HCT, hematopoietic cell transplantation; HFNC, high flow nasal cannula; HL, Hodgkin lymphoma; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; LGL, large granular lymphocytes; L/R, Lopinavir …

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating HIV infection in ART-eligible pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: This systematic review focuses on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in ART- … rs and gestational age at which to start therapy. The use of zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC) and lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV-r) starting at 28-36 weeks gestation in a breastfeeding population reduced infant HIV-transmission or death at 12 months compared to a short-course regimen (RR 0.64, 95% CI: 0.44-0.92) (deVincenzi, 2009). Starting AZT, 3TC, and nevira …

High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulins in the Treatment of Severe Acute Viral Pneumonia: The Known Mechanisms and Clinical Effects.

The current outbreak of viral pneumonia, caused by novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, is the focus of worldwide attention. The WHO declared the COVID-19 outbreak a pandemic event on Mar 12, 2020, and the number of confirmed cases is still on the rise worldwide. While most infected individuals only experience mild symptoms or may even be asymptomatic, some patients rapidly progress to severe acute respiratory failure with substantial mortality, making it imperative to develop an efficient treatment for severe SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia alongside supportive care. So far, the optimal treatment strategy for

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… . ‡ 80% patients were treated with Lopinavir/ritonavir, 60% with interferon, and 30% with Arbidol . § Patients 1 were treated with Oseltamivir, and Patients 3 with steroids and Lopinavir/ritonavir . ¶ Patients received IVIg at 2.5–10 g/d for 2-13 d, average to 5 g/d for 5 d . ‖ These patients were treated … A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. (2020) 382:1787–99. 10.1056/NEJMc2008043 12. Newton AH, Cardani A, Braciale TJ. The host immune response in respiratory virus infection: balancing virus clearance and immunopathology. …

Managing patients with multiple myeloma during the COVID-19 pandemic: recommendations from an expert panel - ABHH monoclonal gammopathies committe.

Since the World has been facing the COVID-19 pandemic, special attention has been taken concerning cancer patients; related to their immunosuppression status, adding risk for more aggressive COVID-19 and mortality, but also concerns about the access and the quality of care in cancer therapy. The COVID-19 pandemic impacts the number of infected, its related mortality, as well as the care of cancer patients. Multiple myeloma patients are a particular group with several important aspects to be considered during pandemic times. In essence, they are immunosuppressed in different intensities during

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… There are many ongoing trials, including agents with different targets, namely the blocking of the SARS-CoV 2 from the entry host cell (arbidol, chloroquine, hydroxichloroquine), the production of ribonucleic acid (RNA) and virus replication (lopinavir, ribavirin, remdesivir, favipiravir), as well as …

Распространение и идентификация типа 1 диабет у взрослых китайцев с недавно диагностированным диабетом.

АИМ: Цель этого исследования заключалась в оценке распространенности скрытого аутоиммунного диабета среди взрослых (ЛАДА) и классического типа 1 Диагноз сахарного диабета (T1DM) у недавно диагностировавшегося взрослого диабета в Китае. МЕТОД: Это перекрестное исследование 17,349 вновь диагностированный диабет у взрослых ≥30 лет с 46 Больницы 31 месяцев. Демографические характеристики, клинические особенности и медицинская история были собраны квалифицированными исследователями. T1DM в целом состояли из классических T1DM и ЛАДА. Классический T1DM был определен на основе клинического фенотипа ин

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… The antiviral regimen mainly included interferon-alpha (5 million U atomized twice daily), arbidol (200mg three times a day orally, for no more than 10 days), lopinavir/ritonavir (400mg/100mg twice daily, for no more than 10 days), and the traditional Chinese medicine such as Lianhuaqingwen capsule was …

Implementation of a hospital-at-home (HAH) unit for hematological patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: safety and feasibility.

Background"Hospital-at-home" (HAH) programs have been shown to optimize resource utilization, shorten hospitalization and prevent nosocomial infection.MethodsWe retrospectively analysed data regarding implementation of an HAH unit for caring patients with hematological malignancies in our center, during the COVID-19 pandemic.ResultsBetween January and November 2020, 105 patients were treated in the HAH unit for a total of 204 episodes. Nine patients with multiple myeloma (MM) received autologous HSCT (auto-HSCT). Three patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) received consolidation therapy,

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… | 10 | 18 | 18 Number of visits from HAH unit | 1 | 6 | 6 | 4 COVID-19 diagnosis (date) | 29-03-2020 | 03-04-2020 | 07-04-2020 | 25-09-2020 Symptoms and signs | Fever, cough and rhinorrhoea | Fever and cough | Fever and cough | Fever, cough and dyspnea Pneumonia | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes Treatment | Lopinavir …

Outlook of IL-6 signaling blockade for COVID-19 pneumonia.

In this review article, it is highlighted the implications of pleiotropic functions of interleukin-6 (IL-6) for one of the therapeutic options targeting for COVID-19. Moreover, it is discussed how real-world data and trials with IL-6 signaling blockade will be crucial in informing the development of new treatment for COVID-19 pneumonia. Given physiological roles of IL-6 in inflammatory conditions and the data from real world, IL-6 signal inhibitors, along with standard of care (SOC) treatment, might provide efficacy, offering the potential to treat COVID-19 in hospitalized populations more eff

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… SOC is consisted of lopinavir, methylprednisolone, other symptom relievers, and oxygen therapy as recommended by the Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia (Trial Version 6) (China National Health Commission 2020) [ 36 ]. …

H727 cells are inherently resistant to the proteasome inhibitor carfilzomib, yet require proteasome activity for cell survival and growth.

The second-in-class proteasome inhibitor (PI) carfilzomib (Kyprolis, Cfz) has contributed to a substantial advancement in multiple myeloma treatment by improving patient survival and quality of life. A considerable portion of patients however display intrinsic resistance to Cfz. Our mechanistic understanding of intrinsic Cfz resistance is limited due to a lack of suitable cell-based models. We report that H727 human bronchial carcinoid cells are inherently resistant to Cfz, yet susceptible to other PIs and inhibitors targeting upstream components of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS). These

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… Carfilzomib resistance due to ABCB1/MDR1 overexpression is overcome by nelfinavir and lopinavir in multiple myeloma. Leukemia, 10.1038/leu.2017.212 (2017). 27. Verbrugge SE, et al. …

Decoy cells detected in the urine of a patient with complex karyotype Myelodysplastic neoplasms who underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation: a case report.

BACKGROUND: Currently, few literature reports document cases of decoy cells in the urine of umbilical cord blood transplant patients. The majority of the literature indicates that decoy cells are frequently identified in the urine of kidney transplant recipients. CASE PRESENTATION: This case report describes a patient with Myelodysplastic Neoplasms featuring a complex karyotype who underwent umbilical cord blood transplantation. Postoperative urinary cytology revealed decoy cells, and subsequent BK virus nucleic acid testing was positive. However, the routine use of antiviral drugs by the phy

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… On day 41 post-transplant, recurrent positive tests for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) indicated a need for Ribavirin, prompting a switch to oral Lopinavir 1.5 tid. …

Comparison of characteristics and laboratory tests of COVID-19 hematological patients from France and Brazil during the pre-vaccination period: identification of prognostic profiles for survival.

IntroductionCOVID-19 disease presentation is heterogeneous, from asymptomatic up to severe life-threatening forms. Getting further insights into patients with specific diseases is of particular interest. We aimed to identify profiles of hematology patients hospitalized with COVID-19 that would be associated with survival and to assess the differences between cohorts METHODS: A binational cohort of 263 patients with COVID-19 and hematological disease was studied in Paris, France and São Paulo, Brazil. Patient profiles were based on age, comorbidities, biological measurements, COVID-19 symptoms

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… heterogeneous, then higher doses were used from April 4 onward, following the Groupe d'intérêt en Hémostase Périopératoire (GIHP) and Groupe Français d’études sur l'Hémostase et la Thrombose (GFHT) recommendations. 14 Specific COVID-19 treatments were rarely administered, totaling approximately 10% using lopinavir …

Fighting the Host Reaction to SARS-COv-2 in Critically Ill Patients: The Possible Contribution of Off-Label Drugs.

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COv-2) is the etiologic agent of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID19). The majority of infected people presents flu like symptoms and among them 15-20% develops a severe interstitial pneumonitis (IP) that may eventually evolve in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). IP is caused by the viral glycoprotein spike (S) binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expressed on the surface of alveolar pneumocytes. The virus is recognized by the "pattern recognition receptors" (PRR) of the immune cells that release cytokines a

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… A trial of lopinavir-ritonavir in adults hospitalized with severe Covid-19. N Engl J Med. (2020) 382:1787–99. 10.1056/NEJMoa2001282 30. Wang M, Cao R, Zhang L, Yang X, Liu J, Xu M, et al. Remdesivir and chloroquine effectively inhibit the recently emerged novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in vitro . …

COVID-19 in Adult Patients with Hematological Malignancies-Lessons Learned after Three Years of Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic is undoubtedly the most difficult health challenge of the 21st century with more than 600 million laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections and over 6.5 million deaths worldwide. The coronavirus pandemic contributed to rapid development of mRNA vaccines, which, along with new antiviral drugs, have been the subject of extensive research for many decades. Nevertheless, elderly, multi-morbid and immunocompromised patients continue to face a more severe clinical course and a higher risk of death from COVID-19, even now that the risk of COVID-19 in the general population is s

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… During the COVID-19 pandemic, the effectiveness of many drugs was assessed, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin, doxycycline, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, oseltamivir, amantadine, rimantadine, zanamivir, acyclovir, ivermectin, colchicine and intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg … The World Health Organization initiated the SOLIDARITY study, evaluating the effectiveness of other therapies such as hydroxychloroquine, interferon-β-1a and lopinavir/ritonavir. …

Replacement of miR-155 Elicits Tumor Suppressive Activity and Antagonizes Bortezomib Resistance in Multiple Myeloma.

Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been associated to the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM). While miR-155 is considered a therapeutic target in several malignancies, its role in MM is still unclear. The analysis of miR-155 expression indicates its down-regulation in MM patient-derived as compared to healthy plasma cells, thus pointing to a tumor suppressor role in this malignancy. On this finding, we investigated miR-155 replacement as a potential anti-tumor strategy in MM. The miR-155 enforced expression triggered anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects in vitro. Given th

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… Carfilzomib resistance due to ABCB1/MDR1 overexpression is overcome by nelfinavir and lopinavir in multiple myeloma Leukemia 2018 32 391 401 10.1038/leu.2017.212 28676669 PMC5808083 55. Chauhan D. Li G. Shringarpure R. Podar K. Ohtake Y. Hideshima T. Anderson K.C. …

Indian Society of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (ISHBT) Consensus Document on Hematological Practice During COVID-19 Pandemic.

The SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic is a worldwide public health emergency with widespread impact on health care delivery. Unforeseen challenges have been noted during administration of usual haematology care in these unusual COVID-19 times. Medical services have been overstretched and frontline health workers have borne the brunt of COVID-19 pandemic. Movement restrictions during lockdown prevented large sections of population from accessing health care, blood banks from holding blood drives, and disrupted delivery of diagnostic hematology services. The disruption in hematology care due to COV

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… Lopinavir/Ritonavir may increase the vincristine and methotrexate toxicity. Tocilizumab reduces dasatinib, venetoclax concentration by inducing CYP3A4 [ 16 ]. Colchicine causes increased toxicity of vinca alkaloids. …

Potential Adverse Effects of Dexamethasone Therapy on COVID-19 Patients: Review and Recommendations.

In the context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global healthcare community has raced to find effective therapeutic agents against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To date, dexamethasone is the first and an important therapeutic to significantly reduce the risk of death in COVID-19 patients with severe disease. Due to powerful anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects, dexamethasone could attenuate SARS-CoV-2-induced uncontrolled cytokine storm, severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and lung injury. Nevertheless, dexamethasone tre

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… An array of drugs and therapeutic agents used to be considered as having potential efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, encompassing antiviral agents (remdesivir, chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, azithromycin and lopinavir), blood-derived products (convalescent plasma and immunoglobulin products), anticoagulants … Disappointingly, on 15 October 2020, the interim results from the Solidarity trial coordinated by WHO indicated that remdesivir, hydroxychloroquine, lopinavir and interferon regimens appeared to have little or no effect on hospitalized COVID-19 patients [ 15 ], while dexamethasone, declared as the world …

Clinical characteristics, outcomes, and risk factors for mortality in patients with cancer and COVID-19 in Hubei, China: a multicentre, retrospective, cohort study.

BackgroundPatients with cancer are a high-risk population in the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to describe clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cancer and COVID-19, and examined risk factors for mortality in this population.MethodsWe did a retrospective, multicentre, cohort study of 205 patients with laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and with a pathological diagnosis of a malignant tumour in nine hospitals within Hubei, China, from Jan 13 to March 18, 2020. All patients were either discharged from hospitals or had died b

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… Antiviral medication | 192 (94%) | 153 (93%) | 39 (98%) | 0·45 | | Interferon | 71 (35%) | 48 (29%) | 23 (58%) | 0·0014 | | Oseltamivir | 44 (21%) | 34 (21%) | 10 (25%) | 0·69 | | Umifenovir | 145 (71%) | 116 (70%) | 29 (73%) | 0·94 | | Ribavirin | 52 (25%) | 39 (24%) | 13 (33%) | 0·34 | | Lopinavir …

Pediatric Drug Development: Reviewing Challenges and Opportunities by Tracking Innovative Therapies.

The paradigm of pediatric drug development has been evolving in a "carrot-and-stick"-based tactic to address population-specific issues. However, the off-label prescription of adult medicines to pediatric patients remains a feature of clinical practice, which may compromise the age-appropriate evaluation of treatments. Therefore, the United States and the European Pediatric Formulation Initiative have recommended applying nanotechnology-based delivery systems to tackle some of these challenges, particularly applying inorganic, polymeric, and lipid-based nanoparticles. Connected with these, adv

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… For example, child-friendly Lopinavir/Ritonavir pediatric granules utilizing ISNPs were developed. … In vivo pre-clinical data demonstrated that the orally administered formulation improved lopinavir bioavailability and concentration in the brain and lymphoid tissues, the target sites of the HIV [ 163 ]. …

Treatment outcomes in HIV infected patients older than 50 years attending an HIV clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe: A cohort study.

There is a growing number of older people living with HIV (OPLHIV). While a significant proportion of this population are adults growing into old age with HIV, there are also new infections among OPLHIV. There is a lack of data describing the outcomes of OPLHIV who commenced antiretroviral therapy (ART) after the age of 50 years in sub-Saharan Africa. We conducted a cohort study of patients who enrolled in care at Newlands Clinic in Harare, Zimbabwe, at ages ≥50 years between February 2004 and March 2020. We examined demographic characteristics, attrition, viral suppression, immunological and

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… Overall, seven patients experienced treatment failure and were switched to second-line ART comprising of a ritonavir boosted protease inhibitor (atazanavir or lopinavir) and two NRTIs. None of the patients failed second line ART. …

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Cancer Patients Affected by a Novel Coronavirus.

BackgroundCancer patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported to have double the case fatality rate of the general population.MethodsA systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Central was done for studies on cancer patients with COVID-19. Pooled proportions were calculated for categorical variables. Odds ratio (OR) and forest plots (random-effects model) were constructed for both primary and secondary outcomes.ResultsThis systematic review of 38 studies and meta-analysis of 181 323 patients from 26 studies included 23 736 cancer patients. Our meta-analysis show

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… The interventions being assessed include the chloroquine analog (GNS561), an anti PD-1 antibody (nivolumab); an anti-interleukin-6 receptor (tocilizumab); an anti-interleukin-8 (BMS-986253), a SUMOylation inhibitor (TAK-981), ivermectin with losartan, lopinavir/ritonavir, rintatolimod and IFN alpha-2b …