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Parental Education and Delirium Risk after Surgery in Older Adults.

OBJECTIVES: Efforts to conceptualize risk factors for postoperative delirium in older adults have focused on the time proximate to the episode, but how early-life exposures influence delirium risk is poorly understood. METHODS: An observational cohort of 547 patients aged 70+undergoing major non-cardiac surgery at two academic medical centers in Boston. Demographic characteristics, cognition, parental education, health, and participation in cognitively stimulating activities were assessed prior to surgery. Delirium incidence and severity were measured daily during hospitalization. RESULTS: H

Non-Linear Effects of the Built Environment and Social Environment on Bus Use among Older Adults in China: An Application of the XGBoost Model.

Global aging has raised increasing concerns on the health and well-being of older adults. Public transport is a viable option to improve the mobility and quality of life among older adults. However, policies that promote the public transport use among older adults are rare. This study utilizes the eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) decision tree to explore the non-linear associations of the built and social environment with bus use among older adults in China. The bus use of older adults was obtained from the Zhongshan Household Travel Survey (ZHTS) in 2012. Results show that non-linear relat

Critical Characteristics of Housing and Housing Supports for Individuals with Concurrent Traumatic Brain Injury and Mental Health and/or Substance Use Challenges: A Qualitative Study.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and mental health and/or substance use challenges (MHSU) are commonly co-occurring and prevalent in individuals experiencing homelessness; however, evidence suggests that systems of care are siloed and organized around clinical diagnoses. Research is needed to understand how housing and housing supports are provided to this complex and understudied group in the context of siloed service systems. This study aimed to describe critical characteristics of housing and housing supports for individuals with concurrent TBI and MHSU from the perspectives of service users wi

School environment and individual factors influence oral health related quality of life in Brazilian children.

The aim of this study was to verify the influence of school environment and individual factors on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL) in a representative sample of Brazilian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,134 12-year-old schoolchildren from Santa Maria, Southern Brazil. Clinical variables were obtained from examinations carried out by calibrated individuals. In addition, parents/guardians answered a semi-structured questionnaire about sociodemographic characteristics. Contextual variables were obtained from the city's official database, including the mean

Epidemiologic Investigation of Injuries Associated With the 2013 Fertilizer Plant Explosion in West, Texas.

OBJECTIVE: On April 17, 2013, a fire and subsequent explosion occurred at the West Fertilizer Company plant in West, Texas, and caused extensive damage to the adjacent neighborhood. This investigation described the fatal and nonfatal injuries caused by the explosion. METHODS: Persons injured by the fertilizer plant explosion were identified through death certificates, medical examination reports, medical records, and survivor interviews. Data on patient characteristics, type of injury, and location of injury were collected. RESULTS: Medical record review indicated that 252 individuals sought

Skin characteristics and risk of superficial spreading and nodular melanoma (United States).

OBJECTIVE: To assess the risk for melanoma associated with moles and pigmentary characteristics. METHODS: Representative melanoma cases (773) among non-Hispanic white residents under age 65 occurring between 1 June 1978 and I December 1983 in Los Angeles County were compared to controls (752) matched to cases by age, sex, race and neighborhood of residence. Factors considered include hair, eye, and skin color; numbers of freckles and moles; and propensity to burn and tan obtained during an in-person interview. RESULTS: Five hundred and fifty-one cases were classified as superficial spreading

Structure analysis of breast lesions using neighborhood graphs.

The College of American Pathologists divides proliferative lesions of the breast into three categories, but the diagnostic criteria for classification are not easy to apply. Therefore, many morphologic, immunohistochemical and morphometric features were studied in order to clarify this subdivision; however, the reported results are not very satisfactory. We also attempted to identify and differentiate the architectural features useful for the diagnosis of proliferative breast lesions. The morphologic characteristics of proliferative lesions of the breast were considered amenable to a graph the

Housing Insecurity Among Children of Incarcerated Parents in the United States.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between parental incarceration and housing insecurity among a recent, nationally representative sa … r eviction stress, missed housing payments), adjusting for various child, caregiver, household, and neighborhood characteristics. RESULTS: Findings revealed substantial disparities in housing insecurity among children exposed to parental incarceration. Children with incarcerated parents disproportionately resided in households experiencing housing insecurity relative to peer …

Development intensity and incident stroke risk: a longitudinal study of the REGARDS cohort.

Stroke risk may be affected by the level of development in a neighborhood, which may in turn affect access to health-promoting environmental features, or exposure to noise and air pollution. This study investigated development intensity as a potential influence on stroke risk, using data from the United States Geological Survey National Land Cover Database (NLCD). We tested associations between development intensity and incident stroke among 25,330 adult participants in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke study. We measured development intensity in 8-km network buffers

Addressing social isolation and suicide risk in South Korea's permanent rental housing: An empirical investigation of intervention Strategies.

This study examines social isolation and suicide risk in South Korea's permanent rental housing, which has been in existence since 1989. The … rson households. Significant influences on these outcomes include financial stress, housing tenure, neighborhood characteristics, and housing quality. The study identifies depression as a critical factor, influenced by self-esteem, social support, and environmental satisfaction, with older residents with lower education and employment rates being most at risk. The research un …

Determinants of Outcomes for Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients Treated in a Community-Based Specialized Versus Non-Specialized Hospital Setting.

The treatment setting influences acute myeloid leukemia (AML) outcomes. Most cancer patients receive care in the community, yet few studies have evaluated the effectiveness of clinical programs outside of academic or National Cancer Institute (NCI)-designated cancer centers. This was a multi-level, case-controlled study of real-world outcomes for initial AML treatment in a community-based network for 1,391 patients with AML between 2011 and 2018. We benchmarked survival within our network against the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Coarsened exact matching was perf

Building Flood Resilience Among Older Adults Living in Miami-Dade County, Florida.

OBJECTIVE: This paper explores compounding challenges for older coastal populations due to accelerated sea level rise at the nexus of physical hazard exposure and place-based socioeconomic and health considerations. METHODS: This study applies geospatial analysis to assess the spatial distribution of older adults (age 65+) and their socioeconomic characteristics in Miami-Dade County in Florida. Next, it uses logistic regression to evaluate the socioeconomic determinants of block groups with 20% or more of residents age 65 and older at 3 feet of sea level rise compared to the other block group

The social vulnerability index as a risk stratification tool for health disparity research in cancer patients: a scoping review.

PurposeThe social vulnerability index (SVI), developed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is a novel composite measure encompassing multiple variables that correspond to key social determinants of health. The objective of this review was to investigate innovative applications of the SVI to oncology research and to employ the framework of the cancer care continuum to elucidate further research opportunities.MethodsA systematic search for relevant articles was performed in five databases from inception to 13 May 2022. Included studies applied the SVI to analyze outcomes in cancer

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… Health disparities due to social factors and neighborhood characteristics seem to impact nearly every aspect of this continuum from incidence to end-of-life [ 19 – 22 ]. … Other SDOH measures Eight studies investigated neighborhood characteristics using other SDOH measures in addition to the SVI [ 32 , 37 , 45 , 47 – 49 , 54 , 55 ]. …

Socioeconomic Status and Route Characteristics in Relation to Children's Exposure to Air Pollution from Road Traffic While Walking to School in Auckland, New Zealand.

Pedestrian exposure to traffic-related air pollution depends on many factors; including the nature of the traffic on nearby roads and the route characteristics. In this study, we investigated the effects of differences in vehicle fleet and transport infrastructure on children's exposure to traffic-related air pollution during their morning walk to school in Auckland, New Zealand. Five pairs of routes to schools-each including a low and a high socioeconomic status (SES) school-were selected and traversed over 7-8 days for each pair while measuring particle number concentration (PNC) and GPS coo

Impact of Parental Incarceration on Body Weight Status of Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: Parental incarceration might impact children's body weight through household financial strain, lack of caregiving, social stigma … 17 years and younger, and 2 examined adults 18-34 years. After adjusting for individual, family and neighborhood characteristics, 2 reported a negative association, 2 reported a null relationship, and one reported a positive association between parental incarceration and children's weight. Meta-analysis did not identify an association between parental incarceration and childr …

Masculine Discrepancy Stress and Psychosocial Maladjustment: Implications for Behavioral and Mental Health of Adolescent Boys.

Gender role discrepancy (GRD), or nonconformity to socially prescribed gender roles, has been linked to a multitude of adverse mental and behavioral health outcomes. Masculine discrepancy stress (MDS), stress about being perceived not to conform to one's gender role, may explain the relationship between GRD and deleterious health outcomes. However, research on MDS has primarily been restricted to adult males. This leaves a critical gap pertaining to the potential effect of MDS on adolescent boys, who may be more malleable and susceptible to the influence and pressures of gender socialization.

Neighborhood perceptions and active commuting to school among adolescent boys and girls.

BACKGROUND: Active commuting (AC) to school can increase daily minutes of physical activity yet research is lacking on its determinants. This study examined perceptions of the physical environment as a correlate of AC among adolescents. METHODS: Cross-sectional data were collected from 1143 males and 1016 females (mean age 16.04 +/- 0.66) who lived within 2.5 miles of their school. Participants' self-reported active (walk or cycle) or inactive (car, bus, or train) mode of travel to school and perceptions of their neighborhood environment. Bivariate logistic regression examined perceived envir

Firesetting in adolescence and being aggressive, shy, and rejected by peers: new epidemiologic evidence from a national sample survey.

This population-based case control study examined the hypothesis that the occurrence of firesetting might be greater in youths who exhibit a combination of shyness and aggressiveness and may be complicated by peer rejection. The study's self-report data were from a nationally representative sample survey conducted in 1995. There were 284 cases involving 12- to 17-year-old youths who self-reported recent firesetting, regardless of their intentions. Control subjects were 4,207 youths with no such history. After subjects were matched according to age and neighborhood, conditional logistic regress

Cancer risk and tetrachloroethylene-contaminated drinking water in Massachusetts.

A population-based case-control study was used to evaluate the relationship between cases of bladder cancer (n = 61), kidney cancer (n = 35), and leukemia (n = 34) and exposure to tetrachloroethylene from public drinking water. Subjects were exposed to tetrachloroethylene when it leached from the plastic lining of drinking water distribution pipes. Relative delivered dose of tetrachloroethylene was estimated, using an algorithm that accounted for (1) residential history and duration, (2) whether lined pipe served the neighborhood, (3) distribution system flow characteristics, and (4) pipe age

[Enhancement of radiomics-based machine learning models for predicting efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation of uterine fibroids using undersampling methods].

OBJECTIVES: To improve the accuracy of machine learning models for preoperative prediction of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) ablation efficacy for uterine fibroids by correcting class imbalance in small sample datasets using undersampling methods. METHODS: Clinical and imaging data were collected from 140 patients with uterine fibroids undergoing HIFU treatment at Foshan Women and Children Hospital, including 104 with high ablation rates and 36 with low ablation rates. Radiomic features were extracted from MRI T2-weighted images (T2WI) of the patients, and machine learning models we