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Ethnic variation in prevalence, self-reported barriers and outcome of cataract surgery in a rural population in southwestern China: the Yunnan minority eye study.

BACKGROUND: As a part of the Yunnan Minority Eye Studies, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, barriers and visual acuity outcomes of cataract surgery in a multiethnic adult population in rural areas of southwestern China. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional survey was conducted with participants of Bai, Yi, and Han ethnicity aged ≥50 years in Yunnan. A detailed eye examination was performed. Information on the date, setting, type, and complications of cataract surgery were recorded in the examination of cataract-operated eyes. RESULTS: Of 6546 subjects (2133 Ba

Assessing the validity and reliability of the Turkish versions of craving beliefs and beliefs about substance use questionnaire in patients with heroin use disorder: demonstrating valid tools to assess cognition-emotion interplay.

BACKGROUND: Cognitions associated with craving and substance use are important contributors for the psychological theories of Substance use disorders (SUD), as they may affect the course and treatment. In this study, we aimed to validate Turkish version of two major scales 'Beliefs About Substance Use'(BSU) and 'Craving Beliefs Questionnaire'(CBQ) in patients with heroin use disorder and define the interaction of these beliefs with patient profile, depression and anxiety symptoms, with an aim to use these thoughts as targets for treatment. METHODS: One hundred seventy-six inpatients diagnosed

Frequency and correlates of malaria over-treatment in areas of differing malaria transmission: a cross-sectional study in rural Western Kenya.

BACKGROUND: In 2010, the World Health Organization shifted its malaria guidelines from recommending the empiric treatment of all febrile children to treating only those with laboratory-confirmed malaria. This study evaluated the frequency and predictors of malaria over-treatment among febrile malaria-negative children in Kenya. METHODS: Between 2012 and 2013, 1,362 children presenting consecutively with temperature ≥37.5°C to Kisii and Homa Bay hospitals were enrolled in a cross-sectional study evaluating causes of fever. Children were screened for malaria using smear microscopy and rapid dia

Staged Ventricular Septation of the Double-Inlet Ventricle: How-I-Do-It.

Ventricular septation of the double-inlet ventricle is a largely abandoned operation due to poor historical outcomes. However, there has been renewed interest in septation as an alternative to Fontan palliation given its long-term sequelae. As one of the few centers to revisit septation in the early 1990s, our institution has long-term data on a series of patients with a double-inlet ventricle who underwent biventricular repair. This manuscript is a summary of our approach to staged septation of the double-inlet ventricle, with a focus on patient selection criteria, surgical techniques, periop

Endotracheal tube, by the venturi effect, reduces the efficacy of increasing inlet pressure in improving pendelluft.

In mechanically ventilated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome patients, spontaneous inspiratory effort generates more negative pressure in the dorsal lung than in the ventral lung. The airflow caused by this pressure difference is called pendelluft, which is a possible mechanisms of patient self-inflicted lung injury. This study aimed to use computer simulation to understand how the endotracheal tube and insufficient ventilatory support contribute to pendelluft. We established two models. In the invasive model, an endotracheal tube was connected to the tracheobronchial tree with 34 out

Comparison of autoclaving and γ-radiation impact on four spices aroma profiles and microbial load using HS-SPME GC-MS and chemometric tools.

Herbal spices are widely consumed as food additives owing to their distinct aroma and taste as well as a myriad of economic and health value. The aroma profile of four major spices including bay leaf, black pepper, capsicum, and fennel was tested using HS-SPME/GC-MS and in response to the most widely used spices´ processing methods including autoclaving and γ-radiation at low and high doses. Additionally, the impact of processing on microbial contamination of spices was tested using total aerobic count. GC-MS analysis led to the identification of 22 volatiles in bay leaf, 34 in black pepper, 2

The relationship between nocturnal blood pressure drop and body composition indices among hypertensive patients.

Among hypertensive subjects, the lack of physiological blood pressure drop as part of diurnal blood pressure variations is termed as non-dipper blood pressure. Herein, we investigated the relationship between hypertension character and body composition indices. This study included a total of 104 patients (54 M, mean age: 47.6 ± 12.1 years). Patients' heights, weights, and waist and hip circumferences were measured, and body composition indices were calculated. All patients' office blood pressure measurements and 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure readings were recorded. A blood pressure drop of

Effects of the Disease Characteristics and the Treatment on Psychological Status in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis.

INTRODUCTION: Various psychiatric disorders, especially depression and anxiety, are seen in 2/3 of the chronic rheumatic diseases with chronic pain. In this study, we aimed to define anxiety and depression rates in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) and Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS) patients (under treatment) with similar age and gender; to compare the obtained data with each other and healthy control group; and also we aimed to investigate the relationship between human leukocyte antigen B27(HLA-B27) in AS, Rheumatoid Factor (RF) and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies (anti-CCP) in RA with anx

Successful Laparoscopic Removal of a Self-Inflicted Thermometer that Spontaneously Migrated into the Peritoneal Cavity.

BACKGROUND: Epilepsy is one of the most important central nervous system disorder and 1% of the total world population suffers from this disorder which require a chronic drug treatment. Most of the researchers suggested that excessive calcium entry into neurons is the main triggering event in the initiation of epileptic discharges but the role of L type calcium channels has not been clarified in absence epilepsy. AIM: In this study, it is aimed to investigate the antiepileptic effects of nifedipine, an L type calcium channel blocker and BAY K8644, an L type calcium channel opener in a genetic

[Baicalein attenuates acute lung injury induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion via inhibition of nuclear factor-κB pathway in mice].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of baicalein (Bai) on acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intestinal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and its mechanism in mice. METHODS: Twenty-four male C57BL/6J mice were divided into three groups by random number table: namely sham group, I/R group and Bai+I/R group, with 8 mice in each group. Intestinal I/R induced lung injury model was reproduced by clamping superior mesenteric artery for 90 minutes, followed by reperfusion. Bai (100 mg/kg) was intraperitoneally injected 1 hour before ischemic challenge in the Bai+I/R group. The mice in sham group underwen

An investigation on the effects of ship sourced emissions in Izmir Port, Turkey.

Maritime transportation is a major source of climate change and air pollution. Shipping emissions cause severe impacts on health and environment. These effects of emissions are emerged especially in territorial waters, inland seas, canals, straits, bays, and port regions. In this paper, exhaust gas emissions from ships in Izmir Port, which is one of the main ports in Turkey, are calculated by the ship activity-based methodology. Total emissions from ships in the port is estimated as 1923 ton y⁻¹ for NO(x), 1405 ton y⁻¹ for SO₂, 82753 ton y⁻¹ for CO₂, ton y⁻¹ for HC, and 165 ton y⁻¹ for PM in t…

Филогеография эдеса аегипти (желтая лихорадка комаров) в Южной Флориде: данные mtDNA для дисперсии с помощью человека.

Инвазивный вектор денге Aedes aegypti сохраняется на протяжении более 200 лет в Южной Флориде в Соединенных Штатах. Мы проверили гипотезы о том, что ландшафт Флориды создает дисперсионные барьеры и коридоры, а также осаждённые человеком структуры рассеивания на большие расстояния. Мы оценили филогеографию 362 человек с восточного и западного побережья Флориды с 760-бр (418- и 342-бп фрагментов ND5 и ND4 соответственно) митохондриальной последовательности. Население этих двух берегов существенно не различалось, что свидетельствует о том, что ограниченная урбанизация в центральной части Флориды

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The invasive dengue vector Aedes aegypti has persisted for > 200 years in South Florida in the United States. We tested the hypotheses that … al. West Coast populations showed no genetic differentiation, indicating that West Coast rivers and bays did not significantly impede gene flow. Phylogeographic analysis of haplotypes showed two distinct matrilines with no geographic patterns, suggesting multiple introductions or balancing selection.

Developmental toxicity of two common corn pesticides to the endangered southern bell frog (Litoria raniformis).

To examine the link between corn agriculture and the observed decline of the endangered southern bell frog (SBF), the effects of two corn cr … by this persistent degradation product to the endangered SBF, which breeds and develops in the rice bays adjacent to corn fields treated with pesticides.

Brominated flame retardants and organochlorine contaminants in winter flounder, harp and hooded seals, and North Atlantic right whales from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean.

Various brominated flame retardants (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and current-use, non-PBDE BFRs, as well as orga … , non-PBDE BFRs, and MeO-BDEs of natural origin in marine organisms from Massachusetts and Cape Cod Bays.

Arbitrarily primed PCR to type Vibrio spp. pathogenic for shrimp.

A molecular typing study on Vibrio strains implicated in shrimp disease outbreaks in New Caledonia and Japan was conducted by using AP-PCR (arbitrarily primed PCR). It allowed rapid identification of isolates at the genospecies level and studies of infraspecific population structures of epidemiological interest. Clusters identified within the species Vibrio penaeicida were related to their area of origin, allowing discrimination between Japanese and New Caledonian isolates, as well as between those from two different bays in New Caledonia separated by only 50 km. Other subclusters of New Caled…

Esophageal Stricture: An Uncommon Complication of Cervical Inlet Patch.

Esophageal heterotopic gastric mucosal patches (HGMP), also known as cervical inlet patches (CIP), is a rare but underdiagnosed condition characterized by the presence of salmon-colored, velvety mucosa located in the proximal esophagus, distal to the upper esophageal sphincter. The incidence of CIP ranges from 3% to 10% in adults, and its endoscopic appearance is characterized by a flat or slightly raised salmon-colored patch. In this case, we report a 78-year-old man who presented with symptoms of laryngopharyngeal reflux and dysphagia. An esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a flat area of salm

Bidirectional regulation of heterocyclic amines by flavonoids: insights from flavonoid amination using dihydromyricetin and baicalein.

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are carcinogenic contaminants formed during meat thermal processing, and the traditionally recognized inhibitory effects of flavonoids on HCA formation remain controversial. Dihydromyricetin (DMY) and baicalein (BAI) both exhibited dose-dependent bidirectional effects on PhIP formation in a PhIP chemical model. At low concentrations (DMY 125-250 μM, BAI 125-1000 μM), PhIP levels gradually increased to nearly 210% and 300% of control, respectively, mainly driven by amination-related reactions of flavonoid thermal degradation products that promoted phenylacetaldehyde a

Beck Anxiety Inventory: psychometric characteristics in a sample from the clinical Spanish population.

Even though the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) is one of the most popular instruments to assess anxiety today, only limited data is available about its psychometric characteristics and normative values in clinical Spanish populations. A study was conducted to test the psychometric characteristics of a Spanish adaptation of the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) in a sample of 918 outpatients being treated at a community mental health center in Spain. Results confirmed the adaptation's high internal consistency (∝ = .91), substantial test-retest reliability at 8-10 weeks (r = .84, p < .01), and satisfa

Synergistic action of a cyclic depsipeptide and piperazine on nematodes.

The present study describes the synergistic effects of the cyclic depsipeptide BAY 44-4400 and piperazine in the treatment against the nematodes Trichinella spiralis, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, and Heterakis spumosa. The in vitro anthelmintic activity of a combination of the two compounds (1.7 motility units) against T. spiralis larvae was significantly higher than the sum of the individual drug effects (1.3 motility units). With regard to the rate of expulsion of H. polygyrus worms from the intestine of infected mice, an additive effect was observed; piperazine alone exerted an efficacy of 54

Monitoring of fish and human exposure to mercury due to gold mining in the Lake Victoria goldfields, Tanzania.

Monitoring of environmental and human exposure to mercury in the Nungwe Bay area of the Lake Victoria goldfields, Tanzania, has revealed low mercury concentrations in fish (range: 1.8-16.9 ppb, mean: 7.0 ppb) and human hair (range: 156-5433 ppb, mean: 947 ppb) that represent background levels. Gold mining has not produced a significant increase in environmental methylmercury that is available for bioaccummulation in aquatic food chains. Urinary mercury levels in gold mine workers frequently exposed to Hg vapour in amalgamation and burning of amalgam were significantly higher (mean: 241 ng/ml)