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Bleeding manifestations of dengue haemorrhagic fever in Malaysia.

Analysis of the bleeding manifestations of 130 cases of dengue haemorrhagic fever admitted into the Children's ward of the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur from May 1973 to September 1978 has been done. Petechial skin rash, epistaxis and gum bleeding were seen most commonly in mild and moderately severe cases. However, blood stained gastric aspirates, and severe haematemesis were seen in severe or very severe cases. Though with better vector control and preventive measures, a marked reduction in the incidence of the cases has been noted, severe cases were seen with symptoms of shock and gastroin…

Deciphering dengue fever transmission on higher-order networks.

Dengue fever is a viral infection transmitted to humans through the bites of infected mosquitoes. Modeling dengue transmission is crucial for control, given its risk to half the world's population. This paper develops a host-to-host transmission model within hypergraphs constructed from simplicial complexes. Necessary conditions for the emergence of Turing instability in dengue dynamical systems naturally coupled on hypergraphs are derived. Furthermore, a multiplex network framework is constructed on hypergraphs by incorporating the influence of information on dengue transmission, and expressi…

Functional antibody responses and protection against symptomatic dengue.

Exposure to dengue virus (DENV) triggers the development of anti-viral antibodies that may contribute to either protection or disease progression. Antibodies exist in different isotypes and subtypes, with diverse specificities and functions. IgG antibodies are produced during primary and secondary DENV infections, where they play a role central role in mediating protective immunity, and may also contribute to antibody-dependent enhancement in a secondary heterotypic infection. Although IgG antibodies are widely recognised as key mediators of protective immune responses during DENV infection, a…

Dengue Dilemma: Navigating Cross-Reactivity and Immune Challenges.

This chapter examines the immunological mechanisms underlying the cross-reactivity and immune enhancement in dengue and how they influence the clinical outcomes. The four DENV serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4) share high genetic and antigenic similarity, leading to antibodies and T cells that can recognize multiple serotypes. While this cross-reactive immunity can confer partial or transient protection, it can also result in antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE), wherein non-neutralizing antibodies facilitate viral entry into immune cells, increasing the likelihood of severe disease in secondary inf…

Epidemiological characterisation of dengue fever across Saudi Arabia.

BACKGROUND: Dengue fever is an emerging public health threat in Saudi Arabia. To guide evidence-based vector control, this study aimed to characterise the epidemiological and clinical patterns of infections across key regions in the Kingdom between 2022 and 2024. METHODS: A total of 2850 serum samples from suspected dengue patients were collected from hospitals in seven regions in Saudi Arabia. RNA extraction and dengue virus detection were conducted using standardised reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) protocols. Statistical analysis was applied to identify the sociodem…

Spatial representativeness matters for Climate-Driven Dengue Forecasting.

Accurate forecasting of dengue incidence requires statistical models that explicitly accommodate overdispersion, temporal dependence, and delayed environmental forcing. We develop a Bayesian negative binomial dynamic regression model to generate monthly forecasts of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) incidence in Kanchanaburi Province, Thailand. Transmission persistence is captured through lagged dengue incidence, while delayed climatic effects are represented using locally observed maximum temperature and relative humidity. Model adequacy and predictive performance are assessed using posterior pr…

Dengue-Related Ocular Complications: Spectrum, Diagnosis, and Management.

Dengue virus infection frequently involves the eye, manifesting with hemorrhages, uveal inflammation, retinal vascular changes and maculopathy. These ocular manifestations may arise during the acute febrile phase or emerge weeks later. Studies from endemic regions report that up to one-quarter of hospitalized patients develop eye-related symptoms. Furthermore, studies confirm a higher risk of new uveitis cases following dengue infection. Breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier-driven by antibody-mediated enhancement, complement activation and release of inflammatory mediators-leads to vascular l…

Dengue diagnostics: from commercial tests to optical nanosensors.

Dengue virus (DENV) infections are a globally recognised problem, and the development of sensitive, accurate and affordable diagnostic tests is required for better epidemic control and mitigation of mortality and morbidity. With the increasing use of nanoparticles (NPs) in diagnostics, nanoparticle-based optical biosensors emerged as a convenient choice due to their simplicity and potential to satisfy the criteria for an ideal diagnostic test. The optical nanosensors are classified by the colourimetric, surface plasmon resonance (SPR)/localised SPR (LSPR), fluorescence, evanescent wave transmi…

Post dengue Purtsher-like retinopathy: a case report.

Dengue fever is a common infectious disease that is caused by the dengue virus. This report presents the cases of two patients, a 20-year-old male with history of left renal transplant and a 34-year-old female with Acute Myeloid Leukaemia, who presented at Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, with sudden, painless decreased vision following a dengue fever infection. The patients' clinical presentations, visual outcomes, fundus findings, and management approaches were carefully documented over six months. Both the patients were treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory eye drops, with Ca…

Регулируемая реакция иммунных клеток в сильном патогенезе денге.

Угрожающая жизни сильная лихорадка денге (SD) развивается в небольшой подгруппе пациентов, страдающих лихорадкой денге (DF) — фебриллярной болезнью, которая развивается после заражения вирусом денге (DENV). DENV - вирус с положительной рентгеновской трансмиссией. Быстрое распространение переносчиков ДЕНВ, усугубляемое изменением климата и неадекватными мерами контроля, привело к вспышкам заболеваний, которые затронули миллионы людей во всем мире. Специфического лечения ПФ не существует, и недавно введенные вакцины неэффективны в плане сдерживания нынешних вспышек. Как и многие другие вирусные

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Life-threatening severe dengue (SD) develops in a small subset of patients suffering from dengue fever (DF), a febrile disease that develops following infection with dengue virus (DENV). DENV is a mosquito-borne positive -sense RNA virus. The rapid spread of DENV vectors, which was exacerbated by climate change and inadequate control measures, has led to out…

Dengue cerebellitis in middle childhood from South India.

We had a girl in middle childhood, who presented with fever of 7 days duration, vomiting, abdominal pain, headache, myalgia and arthralgia. The child was conscious with signs of shock. With the provisional diagnosis of dengue fever, enteric fever or scrub typhus, the child was given all supportive management. Lab investigations covering the fever panel were sent. Within 24 hours of admission, the child developed horizontal nystagmus, diplopia and intermittent dizziness. Fundus examination showed papilloedema. MRI brain showed hyperintensity of the cerebellum in T2 sections suggestive of cerebe…

Case report: dengue fever associated acute macular neuroretinopathy.

Dengue fever (DF), which is caused by the dengue virus (DENV) and transmitted through Aedes mosquitoes, is well recognized for its systemic manifestations, with its ocular involvement gaining recent attention. We present a case of a 41-year-old Taiwanese female who developed acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN) following a DF diagnosis related to DENV-1, emphasizing the need for awareness of this complication. The patient, with a history of completely resolved optic neuritis (ON) and comorbidities, experienced blurred vision on day 10 after the onset of DF. The ophthalmic examination revealed …

Molecular Mechanisms of Antiviral Agents against Dengue Virus.

Dengue is a major global health threat causing 390 million dengue infections and 25,000 deaths annually. The lack of efficacy of the licensed Dengvaxia vaccine and the absence of a clinically approved antiviral against dengue virus (DENV) drive the urgent demand for the development of novel anti-DENV therapeutics. Various antiviral agents have been developed and investigated for their anti-DENV activities. This review discusses the mechanisms of action employed by various antiviral agents against DENV. The development of host-directed antivirals targeting host receptors and direct-acting antiv…

Cepharanthine inhibits dengue virus production and cytokine secretion.

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a public health problem in tropical and subtropical regions. It can cause a spectrum of clinical manifestations ranging from mild dengue fever (DF) to severe dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) and potentially life-threatening disease including dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Severe DENV infection is caused by high viral load and cytokine storm in dengue-infected patients. Currently, there is no specific antiviral drug for DENV infection. An anti-DENV agent that demonstrates inhibitory effects on both DENV replication and cytokine secretion is urgently needed. In this…

Oligonucleotide-Based Approaches to Inhibit Dengue Virus Replication.

Dengue fever is one of the most common viral infections affecting humans. It is an expanding public health problem, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. No effective vaccine or antiviral therapies against Dengue virus (DENV) infection are available. Therefore, there is a strong need to develop safe and effective therapeutic strategies that can reduce the burden and duration of hospitalizations due to this life-threatening disease. Oligonucleotide-based strategies are considered as an attractive means of inhibiting viral replication since oligonucleotides can be designed to interac…

Detecting dengue outbreaks in Malaysia using geospatial techniques.

Dengue is a complex disease with an increasing number of infections worldwide. This study aimed to analyse spatiotemporal dengue outbreaks using geospatial techniques and examine the effects of the weather on dengue outbreaks in the Klang Valley area, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Daily weather variables including rainfall, temperature (maximum and minimum) and wind speed were acquired together with the daily reported dengue cases data from 2001 to 2011 and converted into geospatial format to identify whether there was a specific pattern of the dengue outbreaks. The association between these variabl…

Antigenic evolution of dengue viruses over 20 years.

Infection with one of dengue viruses 1 to 4 (DENV1-4) induces protective antibodies against homotypic infection. However, a notable feature of dengue viruses is the ability to use preexisting heterotypic antibodies to infect Fcγ receptor–bearing immune cells, leading to higher viral load and immunopathological events that augment disease. We tracked the antigenic dynamics of each DENV serotype by using 1944 sequenced isolates from Bangkok, Thailand, between 1994 and 2014 (348 strains), in comparison with regional and global DENV antigenic diversity (64 strains). Over the course of 20 years, th…