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Telenursing and Telehealth. Navigating the Digital Transformation in Healthcare and Ethical Challenges: A Narrative Review.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic has reinforced the need for digital transformation in health, bringing about the development of national strategies, new possibilities, but also challenges. The use of digital technologies and artificial intelligence enables accurate and personalized healthcare, while telenursing can provide groundbreaking services that enable the improvement of the quality of healthcare and the efficient resource management remotely. THE AIM: Of this literature review is to present how telenursing can transform the delivery of healthcare and what the ethical challenges by

Facilitators of Peer Support Among Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Qualitative Meta-Synthesis.

BACKGROUND: Patient-to-patient peer support has been identified as a promising approach for the management of chronic kidney disease and has been associated with improved clinical and psychosocial outcomes. Multiple factors may influence the implementation and effectiveness of peer support programs across different healthcare settings. OBJECTIVES: This qualitative meta-synthesis aimed to identify the key facilitators influencing peer support among patients with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: A systematic review and qualitative meta-synthesis were conducted. The electronic databases Web of

RE-AIM Guided Evaluation of a Comprehensive Tobacco Treatment and Education Program at a Cancer Center.

Approximately 60% of patients with cancer have a history of smoking, and 20% continue to smoke after diagnosis. Despite the importance of smoking cessation for patients with cancer, it has been estimated that half of these patients are not offered smoking cessation treatment. Smoking cessation is an important element of comprehensive cancer care, and as such, the NCI developed the Cancer Center Cessation Initiative (C3I) with the goal of implementing sustainable tobacco cessation care. This paper addresses the design, implementation and sustainability of an evidence-based tobacco treatment pro

A Beginner's Guide to Applying Large Language Models in Behavioral Interventions.

Digital behavioral interventions are increasingly used to support chronic disease self-management, yet many systems rely on predetermined content that limits personalization and sustained engagement. Large language models (LLMs) offer new opportunities to deliver conversational behavioral support. However, integrating LLMs into behavioral interventions requires careful architectural, methodological, and ethical planning, which may be challenging for researchers without formal training in artificial intelligence. This viewpoint provides a structured introduction to LLMs tailored to behavioral s

Exploring the Role of and Factors Affecting Public-Private Partnership in Health Care Systems: A Scoping Review.

BACKGROUND: Public-private partnerships (PPPs) address issues of access, quality, and innovation in health care. This paper assesses the impact of various PPP models on health care delivery and explores factors influencing their success. We aimed to deepen policymakers' and practitioners' understanding of PPP dynamics, challenges, and opportunities. METHODS: A scoping review was conducted using a systematic approach to identify relevant literature on PPPs in health care from 2000 to 2024. Searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using specific search terms and inclusion c

Application of Artificial Intelligence to Deliver Healthcare From the Eye.

IMPORTANCE: Oculomics is the science of analyzing ocular data to identify, diagnose, and manage systemic disease. This article focuses on prescreening, its use with retinal images analyzed by artificial intelligence (AI), to identify ocular or systemic disease or potential disease in asymptomatic individuals. The implementation of prescreening in a coordinated care system, defined as Healthcare From the Eye prescreening, has the potential to improve access, affordability, equity, quality, and safety of health care on a global level. Stakeholders include physicians, payers, policymakers, regula

Design and implementation of mHealth applications for older people with cancer: A scoping review.

ObjectiveThis scoping review aimed to systematically synthesize the evidence on the functions, design, implementation strategies, and evaluation approaches of mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) developed for older adults with cancer, to inform future research and practice.MethodsA scoping review was conducted using Arksey and O'Malley's methodological framework, with an updated systematic search of five databases (Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library) from January 1, 2008, to February 28, 2025. The review adhered to the PRISMA-ScR guidelines for scoping re

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… Adolescent girls and young women's PrEP-user journey during an implementation science study in South Africa and Kenya. PLoS One. 2021;16(10) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0258542. 67. Yao W., Hou Q., Wang J., et al. …

Applying Best Practices from CAPs to a Community-Academic-Corrections Partnership: Academic Partner Perspectives.

BACKGROUND: While correctional systems often function separately from academic and community-based organizations, there is opportunity for mutually beneficial collaborative partnerships to strengthen services and relationships. Community-academic partnerships (CAPs) are a well-established model in implementation science and in scientific literature. Applying best practices for CAPs to a partnership that includes community, academic, and correctional partners could contribute to a stronger partnership with more capacity to improve population health of people who experience incarceration. OBJEC…

Nurse training to enhance adherence counselling for HIV-tuberculosis coinfection in South Africa: Integrative review.

BACKGROUND: South Africa has seen strides in reducing HIV and tuberculosis (TB); however, adherence counselling for people living with HIV (PLHIV) coinfected with TB remains a challenge, particularly in specific sub-districts like Cape Town. Understanding the attributes of existing training programmes is crucial. OBJECTIVES: This study explored attributes of training programme development for nurses and other health professionals to enhance adherence counselling for PLHIV coinfected with TB in Cape Town. METHOD: An integrative literature review was conducted in five steps following PRISMA gu

Brief alcohol interventions for young adults: Strengthening effects, disentangling mechanisms, and scaling up for impact.

OBJECTIVE: Young adulthood is a developmentally risky period for hazardous or high-intensity alcohol consumption that can progress to an alc … ef intervention effects; considerations of intervention components and technology enhancements; and implementation science considerations for producing population-level changes in alcohol use to reduce AUD among young adults. CONCLUSIONS: In this editorial introduction, we discuss several common themes from the articles included in the special issue and highlight impor …

Recurrent Ebola outbreaks in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo: A wake-up call to scale up the integrated disease surveillance and response strategy.

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a dangerous viral zoonotic hemorrhagic fever caused by a deadly pathogenic filovirus. Frugivorous bats are reco … the obstacles hindering its operationalization and adapting the approach to the local context using implementation science.

First-trimester screening-biomarkers and cell-free DNA.

BACKGROUND: The introduction of cell-free DNA into clinical practice has changed the screening approach. Healthcare professionals and future parents tend to overestimate NIPT (noninvasive prenatal testing) capabilities despite its relatively high cost and limited information. OBJECTIVE: In this review, our aim was to survey how various countries have introduced contingent screening models and to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the combined screening test and the use of NIPT. DATA SOURCE: The Web of Science, PubMed database and institutional websites were searched for information

A Precision Medicine Initiative for Alzheimer's disease: the road ahead to biomarker-guided integrative disease modeling.

After intense scientific exploration and more than a decade of failed trials, Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a fatal global epidemic. A traditional research and drug development paradigm continues to target heterogeneous late-stage clinically phenotyped patients with single 'magic bullet' drugs. Here, we propose that it is time for a paradigm shift towards the implementation of precision medicine (PM) for enhanced risk screening, detection, treatment, and prevention of AD. The overarching structure of how PM for AD can be achieved will be provided through the convergence of breakthrough tech

Airway clearance management for bronchiectasis in China: a multicentre cross-sectional study from the Chinese bronchiectasis registry (BE-China).

BACKGROUND: Airway clearance techniques (ACTs) are guideline-recommended in bronchiectasis, while contemporary patterns and determinants of ACTs adoption remain unclear in China. METHODS: A multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the BE-China cohort between 10 Jan 2020 and 31 Mar 2024. Clinical characteristics and prespecified ACT modalities were collected across 92 hospitals. Multivariable logistic regression identified important associations of ACTs utilization. FINDINGS: Among 9647 patients, 12.2% (1177) used regular ACTs at baseline, and regional heterogeneity in

A scoping review on emerging biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease: Towards precision medicine in diagnosis and therapeutic management.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) are chronic conditions presenting significant diagnostic and management challenges. Current invasive methods and traditional biomarkers often lack sufficient accuracy and fail to address the disease's heterogeneity and unpredictable therapeutic responses. This necessitates more precise, personalized clinical tools. METHODS: This scoping review synthesized recent findings on emerging biomarkers for IBD. We focused on technological advances in omics platforms (genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics), artificial intelligenc

Closing the Surveillance-to-Stewardship Gap in antimicrobial resistance: a narrative review of global lessons from WHO GLASS, UK ESPAUR, and low- and middle-income countries.

BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance has expanded faster than any other component of the global response, yet resistance continues to rise. In a growing number of settings, the principal constraint is the failure to translate available data into action, a disconnect we describe as the Surveillance-to-Stewardship (S2S) Gap. OBJECTIVES: To define the S2S Gap and its component gaps, examine where it binds across health systems of different maturity, analyse why it persists, and propose an operationalisable, testable framework for closing it. SOURCES: A cross-sectional analysi

Twenty-five years of the NIDA clinical trials network and the future of addiction research.

The National Institute on Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network (CTN) was established in 1999 to bridge the persistent divide between addiction research and clinical practice through partnerships between researchers and community treatment providers. This editorial examines the evolution of the CTN over its first 25 years and considers priorities for its future. Drawing on the historical development of the Network and articles in this 25-year special collection, we examine changes in the populations and settings represented in CTN research, the incorporation of implementation science, the evoluti…

Effectiveness of Sensor-Based Fall Prevention Systems in Hospitals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of hospital sensor-based fall prevention systems and examine whether technology type, patient risk, and implementation strategy modify their impact. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, Web of Science, and trial registries through April 30, 2025. Interventional studies evaluating hospital sensor-based fall prevention systems were eligible, including randomized controlled trials and quasi-experimental designs. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tools. Rando

Community-Based Models for Type 2 Diabetes Care: A Review of Effectiveness, Implementation, and Health System Integration.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a major challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) due to workforce shortages, limited primary-care capacity, and fragmented chronic-care delivery. Community-based diabetes care models have emerged as scalable approaches to strengthen self-management and extend service reach. With this background, we aimed to synthesize global evidence on community-based diabetes care models, classify major intervention typologies, examine their alignment with the diabetes care continuum, and assess their effectiveness and implementation charact

The Implementation of Current UK Guidance for the Treatment of Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Use Conditions: A Mixed Methods Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis.

Background: Clinical guidance exists on the provision of care for co-occurring mental health and substance use conditions in the UK. This systematic review aimed to identify the extent to which the guidance has been applied, including barriers and facilitators to delivery, and to examine use of strategies to support implementation of the guidance. Methods: We searched PsychINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published between 1st January 2017 (when the guidance was published) to 28th January 2025. Studies were eligible if they focused on service use and/or treatment