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Cancer and Exercise: Warburg Hypothesis, Tumour Metabolism and High-Intensity Anaerobic Exercise.

There is ample evidence that regular moderate to vigorous aerobic physical activity is related to a reduced risk for various forms of cancer to suggest a causal relationship. Exercise is associated with positive changes in fitness, body composition, and physical functioning as well as in patient-reported outcomes such as fatigue, sleep quality, or health-related quality of life. Emerging evidence indicates that exercise may also be directly linked to the control of tumour biology through direct effects on tumour-intrinsic factors. Beside a multitude of effects of exercise on the human body, on

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… Quail D.F. Zhang X. White R.M. Jones L.W. Exercise-dependent regulation of the tumour microenvironment Nat. Rev. Cancer 2017 17 545 549 10.1038/nrc.2017.78 28943640 17. Dethlefsen C. Lillelund C. Midtgaard J. Andersen C. Pedersen B.K. Christensen J.F. Hojman P. …

CAR-T-Cell Therapy in Multiple Myeloma: B-Cell Maturation Antigen (BCMA) and Beyond.

Significant progress has been achieved in the realm of therapeutic interventions for multiple myeloma (MM), leading to transformative shifts in its clinical management. While conventional modalities such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy have improved the clinical outcomes, the overarching challenge of effecting a comprehensive cure for patients afflicted with relapsed and refractory MM (RRMM) endures. Notably, adoptive cellular therapy, especially chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, has exhibited efficacy in patients with refractory or resistant B-cell malignancies and

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… Quail D.F. Joyce J.A. Microenvironmental Regulation of Tumor Progression and Metastasis Nat. Med. 2013 19 1423 1437 10.1038/nm.3394 24202395 PMC3954707 96. Czajka-Francuz P. Prendes M.J. Mankan A. Quintana Á. Pabla S. Ramkissoon S. Jensen T.J. Peiró S. Severson E.A. Achyut B.R. …

Tumor microenvironment and exosomes in brain metastasis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical application.

Metastasis is one of the important biological features of malignant tumors and one of the main factors responsible for poor prognosis. Although the widespread application of newer clinical technologies and their continuous development have significantly improved survival in patients with brain metastases, there is no uniform standard of care. More effective therapeutic measures are therefore needed to improve prognosis. Understanding the mechanisms of tumor cell colonization, growth, and invasion in the central nervous system is of particular importance for the prevention and treatment of brai

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… Immunity ( 2019 ) 51 ( 1 ): 27 – 41 . doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2019.06.025 31315034 PMC6831096 18 Quail DF Joyce JA . Molecular pathways: Deciphering mechanisms of resistance to macrophage-targeted therapies . …

Glycoprotein Non-Metastatic Protein B: An Emerging Biomarker for Lysosomal Dysfunction in Macrophages.

Several diseases are caused by inherited defects in lysosomes, the so-called lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs). In some of these LSDs, tissue macrophages transform into prominent storage cells, as is the case in Gaucher disease. Here, macrophages become the characteristic Gaucher cells filled with lysosomes laden with glucosylceramide, because of their impaired enzymatic degradation. Biomarkers of Gaucher cells were actively searched, particularly after the development of costly therapies based on enzyme supplementation and substrate reduction. Proteins selectively expressed by storage macrop

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… Characterization of a new melanocyte-specific gene (QNR-71) expressed in v-myc-transformed quail neuroretina. EMBO J. 1996;15:3338–3350. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1996.tb00699.x. 129. Aksan I., Goding C.R. …

Mechanical suppression of osteolytic bone metastases in advanced breast cancer patients: a randomised controlled study protocol evaluating safety, feasibility and preliminary efficacy of exercise as a targeted medicine.

BACKGROUND: Skeletal metastases present a major challenge for clinicians, representing an advanced and typically incurable stage of cancer. Bone is also the most common location for metastatic breast carcinoma, with skeletal lesions identified in over 80% of patients with advanced breast cancer. Preclinical models have demonstrated the ability of mechanical stimulation to suppress tumour formation and promote skeletal preservation at bone sites with osteolytic lesions, generating modulatory interference of tumour-driven bone remodelling. Preclinical studies have also demonstrated anti-cancer e

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… Koelwyn GJ Quail DF Zhang X White RM Jones LW Exercise-dependent regulation of the tumour microenvironment Nat Rev Cancer 2017 17 10 620 632 10.1038/nrc.2017.78 28943640 114. …

Metabolic reprogramming and therapeutic resistance in primary and metastatic breast cancer.

Metabolic alterations, a hallmark of cancer, enable tumor cells to adapt to their environment by modulating glucose, lipid, and amino acid metabolism, which fuels rapid growth and contributes to treatment resistance. In primary breast cancer, metabolic shifts such as the Warburg effect and enhanced lipid synthesis are closely linked to chemotherapy failure. Similarly, metastatic lesions often display distinct metabolic profiles that not only sustain tumor growth but also confer resistance to targeted therapies and immunotherapies. The review emphasizes two major aspects: the mechanisms driving

Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cells: An Overview of Concepts, Applications, Limitations, and Proposed Solutions.

Adaptive immunity, orchestrated by B-cells and T-cells, plays a crucial role in protecting the body from pathogenic invaders and can be used as tools to enhance the body's defense mechanisms against cancer by genetically engineering these immune cells. Several strategies have been identified for cancer treatment and evaluated for their efficacy against other diseases such as autoimmune and infectious diseases. One of the most advanced technologies is chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy, a pioneering therapy in the oncology field. Successful clinical trials have resulted in the appro

Modulating CD8⁺ T cell immunity through exercise: mechanistic insights and implications for precision immunotherapy.

CD8⁺ T lymphocytes are pivotal effectors of adaptive immunity, executing cytotoxic mechanisms essential for pathogen clearance, tumor surveillance and tissue protection. Their activity is shaped by antigenic stimulation, cytokine networks and the metabolic and structural architecture of the tissue microenvironment. Physical exercise has emerged as a potent, non-pharmacological modulator of CD8⁺ T cell biology, capable of influencing recruitment, activation, differentiation and functional persistence. Acute exercise mobilizes effector and memory subsets, enhances trafficking to peripheral tissu

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… Koelwyn GJ, Quail DF, Zhang X, White RM, Jones LW. Exercise-dependent regulation of the tumour microenvironment. Nat Rev Cancer. 2017;17:620–32. doi: 10.1038/nrc.2017.78. 22. Schumacher O, Galvão DA, Taaffe DR, Chee R, Spry N, Newton RU. …

Recent Advances in CAR-Based Solid Tumor Immunotherapy.

Adoptive cell therapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology is one of the most advanced engineering platforms for cancer immunotherapy. CAR-T cells have shown remarkable efficacy in the treatment of hematological malignancies. However, their limitations in solid tumors include an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), insufficient tumor infiltration, toxicity, and the absence of tumor-specific antigens. Although recent advances in CAR-T cell design-such as the incorporation of co-stimulatory domains and the development of armored CAR-T cells-have shown promising results in

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… Quail D.F., Joyce J.A. Microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. Nat. Med. 2013;19:1423–1437. doi: 10.1038/nm.3394. 56. Nagarsheth N., Wicha M.S., Zou W. Chemokines in the cancer microenvironment and their relevance in cancer immunotherapy. Nat. Rev. …

Curcumin Nanoparticles as Promising Therapeutic Agents for Drug Targets.

Curcuma longa is very well-known medicinal plant not only in the Asian hemisphere but also known across the globe for its therapeutic and medicinal benefits. The active moiety of Curcuma longa is curcumin and has gained importance in various treatments of various disorders such as antibacterial, antiprotozoal, cancer, obesity, diabetics and wound healing applications. Several techniques had been exploited as reported by researchers for increasing the therapeutic potential and its pharmacological activity. Here, the dictum is the new room for the development of physicochemical, as well as biolo

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… Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Biological Curcumin Nanoparticles on Growth and Carcass Traits, Antioxidant Status, Immunity and Caecal Microbiota of Japanese Quails Animals 2020 10 754 10.3390/ani10050754 PMC7277682 32357410 94. Adahoun M.A. Al-Akhras M.-A. Jaafar M.S. Bououdina M. …

[Immunotherapy - The New Era of Oncology].

In the field of immunotherapy, essential progress was achieved over the past years partially demonstrating long lasting therapeutic responses in different tumor entities. A better understanding of the interactions between the tumor and the immune system as well as the integration of immunotherapeutic approaches into clinical routine were the foundations for this development. The different approaches intervene on multiple levels of the immune response and directly or indirectly mount the patient's own immune defense against tumor cells. Immunotherapeutic approaches are represented by cytokine t

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… regulatory cells in cancer and autoimmune disorders Experimental and therapeutic medicine 2017 13 378 388 28352304 10.3892/etm.2016.4018 PMC5348694 46 Wynn T A Chawla A Pollard J W Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease Nature 2013 496 445 455 23619691 10.1038/nature12034 PMC3725458 47 Quail …

Translational horizons in the tumor microenvironment: harnessing breakthroughs and targeting cures.

Chemotherapy and targeted therapy have opened new avenues in clinical oncology. However, there is a lack of response in a substantial percentage of cancer patients and diseases frequently relapse in those who even initially respond. Resistance is, at present, the major barrier to conquering cancer, the most lethal age-related pathology. Identification of mechanisms underlying resistance and development of effective strategies to circumvent treatment pitfalls thereby improving clinical outcomes remain overarching tasks for scientists and clinicians. Growing bodies of data indicate that stromal

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… Quail DF, Joyce JA. Microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. Nat Med. 2013;19(11):1423–1437. doi: 10.1038/nm.3394. 26. Polanska UM, Orimo A. Carcinoma-associated fibroblasts: Non-neoplastic tumour-promoting mesenchymal cells. …

Galectin-9 - ligand axis: an emerging therapeutic target for multiple myeloma.

Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is a tandem-repeat galectin with diverse roles in immune homeostasis, inflammation, malignancy, and autoimmune diseases. In cancer, Gal-9 displays variable expression patterns across different tumor types. Its interactions with multiple binding partners, both intracellularly and extracellularly, influence key cellular processes, including immune cell modulation and tumor microenvironment dynamics. Notably, Gal-9 binding to cell-specific glycoconjugate ligands has been implicated in both promoting and suppressing tumor progression. Here, we provide insights into Gal-9 and its

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… Nat Commun . ( 2018 ) 9 : 3287 . doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-05770-9 30120234 PMC6098069 16 Cao A Alluqmani N Buhari FHM Wasim L Smith LK Quaile AT . Galectin-9 binds IgM-BCR to regulate B cell signaling . …

Harnessing the tumor microenvironment: targeted cancer therapies through modulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is integral to cancer progression, impacting metastasis and treatment response. It consists of diverse cell types, extracellular matrix components, and signaling molecules that interact to promote tumor growth and therapeutic resistance. Elucidating the intricate interactions between cancer cells and the TME is crucial in understanding cancer progression and therapeutic challenges. A critical process induced by TME signaling is the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), wherein epithelial cells acquire mesenchymal traits, which enhance their motility and inva

Unlocking the Microbial Symphony: The Interplay of Human Microbiota in Cancer Immunotherapy Response.

IntroductionThe emergence of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment, offering remarkable outcomes for patients across various malignancies. However, the heterogeneous response to immunotherapy underscores the necessity of understanding additional factors influencing treatment efficacy. Among these factors, the human microbiota has garnered significant attention for its potential role in modulating immune response. Body: This review explores the intricate relationship between the human microbiota and cancer immunotherapy, highlighting recent advances and potential mechanisms u

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… Quail D.F., Joyce J.A. Microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis. Nat. Med. 2013;19:1423–1437. doi: 10.1038/nm.3394. 56. Yuan Z., Li Y., Zhang S., Wang X., Dou H., Yu X., Zhang Z., Yang S., Xiao M. …

Advances and Hurdles in CAR T Cell Immune Therapy for Solid Tumors.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in solid tumors have so far yielded limited results, in terms of therapeutic effects, as compared to the dramatic results observed for hematological malignancies. Many factors involve both the tumor cells and the microenvironment. The lack of specific target antigens and severe, potentially fatal, toxicities caused by on-target off-tumor toxicities constitute major hurdles. Furthermore, the tumor microenvironment is usually characterized by chronic inflammation, the presence of immunosuppressive molecules, and immune cells that can reduce CAR T cell effi

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… Quail D.F. Joyce J.A. Microenvironmental regulation of tumor progression and metastasis Nat. Med. 2013 19 1423 1437 10.1038/nm.3394 24202395 PMC3954707 38. Gabrilovich D.I. Ostrand-Rosenberg S. Bronte V. Coordinated regulation of myeloid cells by tumours Nat. Rev. …

Protective Effects of Flavonoids Against Mitochondriopathies and Associated Pathologies: Focus on the Predictive Approach and Personalized Prevention.

Multi-factorial mitochondrial damage exhibits a "vicious circle" that leads to a progression of mitochondrial dysfunction and multi-organ adverse effects. Mitochondrial impairments (mitochondriopathies) are associated with severe pathologies including but not restricted to cancers, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. However, the type and level of cascading pathologies are highly individual. Consequently, patient stratification, risk assessment, and mitigating measures are instrumental for cost-effective individualized protection. Therefore, the paradigm shift from reactive to pred

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… Quail D.F. Dannenberg A.J. The obese adipose tissue microenvironment in cancer development and progression Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2019 15 139 154 10.1038/s41574-018-0126-x 30459447 PMC6374176 160. Yang T. Qiao Y. Xiang S. Li W. Gan Y. Chen Y. …

Gut-Bone Axis: A Non-Negligible Contributor to Periodontitis.

Periodontitis is a polymicrobial infectious disease characterized by alveolar bone loss. Systemic diseases or local infections, such as diabetes, postmenopausal osteoporosis, obesity, and inflammatory bowel disease, promote the development and progression of periodontitis. Accumulating evidences have revealed the pivotal effects of gut microbiota on bone health via gut-alveolar-bone axis. Gut pathogens or metabolites may translocate to distant alveolar bone via circulation and regulate bone homeostasis. In addition, gut pathogens can induce aberrant gut immune responses and subsequent homing o

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… Chicory Ameliorates Hyperuricemia via Modulating Gut Microbiota and Alleviating LPS/TLR4 Axis in Quail. BioMed. Pharmacother. 131, 110719. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110719 Blanton L. V., Charbonneau M. R., Salih T., Barratt M. J., Venkatesh S., Ilkaveya O., et al. (2016). …

Obesity, the Adipose Organ and Cancer in Humans: Association or Causation?

Epidemiological observations, experimental studies and clinical data show that obesity is associated with a higher risk of developing different types of cancer; however, proof of a cause-effect relationship that meets the causality criteria is still lacking. Several data suggest that the adipose organ could be the protagonist in this crosstalk. In particular, the adipose tissue (AT) alterations occurring in obesity parallel some tumour behaviours, such as their theoretically unlimited expandability, infiltration capacity, angiogenesis regulation, local and systemic inflammation and changes to

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… Quail D.F., Dannenberg A.J. The obese adipose tissue microenvironment in cancer development and progression. Nat. Rev. Endocrinol. 2018;15:139–154. doi: 10.1038/s41574-018-0126-x. 88. Bays H. Adiposopathy, “Sick Fat,” Ockham’s Razor, and Resolution of the Obesity Paradox. Curr. Atheroscler. …

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