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Thirty-Nine Years Later: A Case Report and Literature Review of Delayed Pleural and Pericardial Effusions After Chest Radiotherapy for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma.

Radiation therapy (RT) is a common treatment for non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) but can lead to long-term pulmonary and cardiovascular complications. Delayed radiotherapy-related pleural effusion (DRPE) and pericardial effusion are rare sequelae, with few cases reported. This case highlights recurrent pleural and pericardial effusions nearly 40 years after chest RT, underscoring the need for ongoing surveillance in cancer survivors. A 51-year-old female with a history of nodular sclerosing NHL in remission after RT in 1977 presented in 2016 with recurrent bilateral pleural and pericardial effusion

Realtime Tracking of the Photobleaching Trajectory During Photodynamic Therapy.

OBJECTIVE: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an alternative treatment for cancer, which involves the administration of a photosensitizing agent that is activated by light at a specific wavelength. This illumination causes after a sequence of photoreactions, the production of reactive oxygen species responsible for the death of the tumor cells but also the degradation of the photosensitizing agent, which then loose the fluorescence properties. The phenomenon is commonly known as the photobleaching process and can be considered as a therapy efficiency indicator. METHODS: This paper presents the des

Radiation protection knowledge and self-reported compliance with safety practices among radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, and interventional/fluoroscopy professionals in Türkiye: A cross-sectional survey.

BACKGROUND: Occupational radiation protection depends on both competency (knowledge) and consistent compliance with monitoring and protective practice. This study quantified radiation protection knowledge and self-reported compliance-related safety practices among occupationally exposed radiology-related professionals in Türkiye and examined how these outcomes vary across workforce and institutions. METHODS: We conducted a national cross-sectional, web-based survey (25 items) among staff working in radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, and interventional settings. Knowledge was summarize

"The fear is real": Exploring radiophobia experiences among Ghanaian diagnostic radiography students and strategies for mitigating potential consequences.

INTRODUCTION: Professional capability development in diagnostic radiography education relies heavily on clinical placement. However, these p … port this, the Allied Health Professions Council should ensure that all accredited programs provide radiation monitoring badges to students prior to clinical placements. Additionally, effective clinical mentorship is needed to facilitate student resilience, enhance professional confidence and identity formation, and ensure long-term career retention.

Радиум - с момента открытия и до настоящего времени - обзор событий.

После его открытия радий первоначально пропагандировался в качестве терапевтического агента для широкого круга заболеваний, включая расстройства кожи, аллергию, проблемы зрения, боль в суставах и общее средство для укрепления здоровья. Однако последующие исследования продемонстрировали ее значительную радиологическую токсичность и вредное воздействие на здоровье человека. Несмотря на эти риски, более чем через сто лет после его открытия, некоторые радиевые изотопы по-прежнему имеют ограниченное применение в медицинских целях, особенно при лечении конкретных раковых заболеваний. После поглощени

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… Coordinated international efforts involving scientists, policymakers, and healthcare professionals are essential for developing comprehensive strategies focused on exposure prevention, radiation monitoring, early detection of health effects, and targeted educational initiatives, especially in occupational …

Radiation dose and risk assessment in pediatric dental CBCT: DAP-based evaluation and implications for radiation protection.

Pediatric patients are more sensitive to ionising radiation, making radiation protection a critical concern in dental cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). This study aimed to assess organ and effective doses and associated radiation risk in pediatric imaging, to validate the PCXMC-20Rotation Monte Carlo code against optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs), and to evaluate dose-area product (DAP) as an indicator for effective dose (E) and risk of exposure-induced cancer death (REID). Age-specific 5 and 10 year-old head-and-neck phantoms were manufactured by three-dimensional (3D)

A Pilot Trial of Two-Fraction Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer.

OBJECTIVES: Ultra-hypofractionated radiation is a widely adopted treatment for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer and is typically given for a duration of five treatments in the United States. There is interest in developing a shorter two-treatment course. We conducted a pilot study of two-fraction ultra-hypofractionated radiation therapy for low- to intermediate-risk prostate cancer to determine safety and preliminary efficacy. METHODS: A total of 12 patients were prospectively enrolled in a single-arm pilot study of two-fraction ultra-hypofractionated radiation therapy. Patients wer

Ultra-low-dose Quantitative CT for Lumbar Bone Mineral Density Assessment: A Prospective Validation of Radiation Reduction and Diagnostic Accuracy.

Accurate assessment of bone mineral density (BMD) is essential for diagnosing osteoporosis, but conventional quantitative CT protocols are associated with relatively high radiation doses. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of a novel dual-parameter optimized ultra-low-dose CT (ULD-CT) protocol for quantitative BMD assessment in the lumbar spine, comparing its radiation dose, image quality, and diagnostic performance against standard-dose CT (SD-CT). In this prospective study, 245 patients undergoing lumbar surgery received paired pre- and postoperative CT scans: SD-CT (120kV/250mAs)

Parental exposure to gamma radiation causes progressively altered transcriptomes linked to adverse effects in zebrafish offspring.

Ionizing radiation causes a variety of effects, including DNA damage associated to cancers. However, the effects in progeny from irradiated parents is not well documented. Using zebrafish as a model, we previously found that parental exposure to ionizing radiation is associated with effects in offspring, such as increased hatching rates, deformities, increased DNA damage and reactive oxygen species. Here, we assessed short (one month) and long term effects (one year) on gene expression in embryonic offspring (5.5 h post fertilization) from zebrafish exposed during gametogenesis to gamma radiat

Preliminary results of conformal radiation therapy for medulloblastoma.

Radiation therapy for medulloblastoma consists of postoperative irradiation of the intracranial and spinal subarachnoid volume with an additional boost to the primary site of disease in the posterior fossa. The entire posterior fossa is usually included in the boost volume. Conformal radiation therapy techniques may be used to boost the primary site alone and substantially reduce the dose received by normal tissues, including the supratentorial brain, the middle and inner ear, and the hypothalamus. Using these techniques to irradiate only the tumor bed or residual tumor and not the entire post

Salivary Gene Expression Changes after Total Body Irradiation in Leukemia Patients: Toward Non-invasive Biodosimetry.

Blood is the standard matrix for gene expression (GE)-based biodosimetry, but less invasive sampling methods are needed in emergency settings and for longitudinal monitoring. Saliva, which contains leukocytes and an ultrafiltrate of blood, is a promising alternative. In this human in vivo study, we analyzed radiation-induced shifts in salivary gene expression for biodosimetric applications and evaluated their similarity to gene expression patterns in blood. Beyond dose estimation, such saliva-based gene expression signatures may support risk stratification and early prediction of clinical outc

Real-time dosimetry in interventional radiology - comparing the occupational radiation exposure in fluoroscopy-guided lower extremity and abdominal procedures.

OBJECTIVE: Radiation safety concerns have spurred the development of real-time dosimetry systems. This study investigated the occupational dose exposure of interventional radiologists during lower extremity and abdominal procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Real-time dosimetry was performed during 102 consecutive interventions (51 lower extremity, 51 abdominal). Radiation protection measures included protective glasses (lead equivalent 0.5 mm), thyroid shielding (0.5 mm), vests (0.35 mm), aprons (0.25 mm), as well as movable acrylic and table shields (both 0.5 mm) during all procedures. Dosimet

A ROS/HIF-1α/JMY signaling axis drives radiation-induced migration and invasion of neural progenitor cells.

BACKGROUND: Neural progenitor cell (NPC) migration is essential for proper cortical development, and its disruption contributes to severe brain malformations such as lissencephaly, polymicrogyria, and microcephaly. Although abnormal neuronal migration has been reported in irradiated embryos, the molecular mechanisms by which ionizing radiation affects NPC motility remain poorly understood. METHODS: Fetal human and mouse NPCs were exposed to low doses of ionizing radiation (0.5-3 Gy). Migratory and invasive properties were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produ

[Does radiation therapy for prostate cancer increase the risk of second cancers?].

PURPOSE: The increased risk of second cancer after prostate radiotherapy is a debated clinical concern. The objective of the study was to assess the risk of occurrence of second cancers after prostate radiation therapy based on the analysis the literature, and to identify potential factors explaining the discrepancies in results between studies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A review of the literature was carried out, comparing the occurrence of second cancers in patients all presenting with prostate cancer, treated or not by radiation. RESULTS: This review included 30 studies reporting the occurre

Serum tissue polypeptide antigen (TPA): a marker of acute injury of salivary glands during radiation therapy.

The modifications of serum concentrations of TPA were monitored in patients undergoing curative radiation therapy. Patients with tumors localized in the head and neck were treated with one of four different schedules based on conventional fractionation or multiple daily fractionation where the dose per fraction and total daily dose varied. Serum TPA increased immediately on the first day of irradiation: the higher the dose, the greater the increase. These increases disappeared rapidly after the first few days of treatment. A more limited rise was observed in some cases when treatment was renew

Clinical utility of lung ultrasound in differentiating and monitoring complicated pediatric pneumonia: a prospective diagnostic accuracy study.

BACKGROUND: Lung ultrasound (LUS) is an established diagnostic tool for pediatric pneumonia, yet its utility as radiation-free alternative to computed tomography (CT) for monitoring disease progression and differentiating complicated phenotypes, specifically necrotizing pneumonia (NP) and parapneumonic effusion (PPE), has not been prospectively validated in a single comparative cohort. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic and longitudinal performance of LUS, including a quantitative LUS score, in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), CT-confirmed NP, and PPE, and to evaluate

Treatment-related Risk of Urologic Adverse Events in Cervical Cancer Survivors.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of urologic adverse events (UAE), including ureteral complications and urinary fistula, in women treated for cervical cancer to inform clinical decision-making and improve survivorship quality of life. METHODS: Using the Merative MarketScan database (2011-2021), patients with cervical cancer were identified. Exclusions included <1 year pre-diagnosis enrollment, prior radiotherapy, pre-existing UAE, or multiple gynecologic cancers. Patients were categorized by treatment: surgery alone, surgery + chemotherapy, radiation ± other therapies, no/local treatment, and

Impact of weight loss on adverse events during chemoradiotherapy in patients with small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: Radiation oesophagitis, a common adverse event of radiation therapy for limited-disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC), results in significant weight loss. This study retrospectively evaluated the association between weight loss and treatment outcomes in patients with LD-SCLC undergoing chemoradiotherapy and explored the associated factors. METHODS: Patients with LD-SCLC treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy between 2010 and 2023 were included. We compared the characteristics of patients with and without radiation oesophagitis or ≥ 5% weight loss during treatment. RESULTS: Of

Chronic human exposure to ionizing radiation: Individual variability of chromosomal aberration frequencies and G0 radiosensitivities.

Bio-monitoring of human radiation exposure is based, as a rule, on a single analysis of chromosomal aberrations. Factors such as radiosensitivity, adaptation, and the stability of cytogenetic indices are not taken into account. We studied frequency of chromosome aberrations (FCA) and G0 chromosome radiosensitivity following in vitro γ-exposure, over a 2.5-year period, for 129 residents of the Dolon settlement, part of the extreme radiation risk zone, Semipalatinsk nuclear test site region, Kazakhstan. Radiosensitivity was evaluated on the basis of FCA and dose assessment by physical dosimetry.

Late rectal and bladder toxicity following radiation therapy for prostate cancer: Predictive factors and treatment results.

AIM: This study aimed at investigating factors associated to late rectal and bladder toxicity following radiation therapy and the effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) when toxicity is grade ≥2. BACKGROUND: Radiation is frequently used for prostate cancer, but a 5-20% incidence of late radiation proctitis and cystitis exists. Some clinical and dosimetric factors have been defined without a full agreement. For patients diagnosed of late chronic proctitis and/or cystitis grade ≥2 treatment is not well defined. Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) has been used, but its effectiveness is