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Effect of type-2 diabetes on surface lipids and biophysical properties in lipoprotein populations.

Surface lipids in lipoproteins interact with proteins and receptors at the surface of cell membranes, mediating lipoprotein-cell signaling and trafficking events. Despite this, little is known about lipoproteins' surface lipid composition and any changes introduced by type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Herein, we investigate the surface lipid composition in purified VLDL, LDL and HDL populations isolated from patients with poor (PC, HbA1c>8.5%) and good glycemic control (GC, HbA1c<6.5%) using high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry …

Analysis of Interfacial Membrane Polarity of Brain-Related Lipids via Flattened Tetrahedron Phase Diagram.

Ternary phase diagrams are an important tool in analyzing the interactions between different lipid components in the membrane; however, the maximum analytical capacity of 3 lipids is their primary limitation. Phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is one of the 4 most abundant lipids in the brain that has its phase characteristics and interactions with the other abundant brain lipids [sphingolipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), and cholesterol] yet to be extensively analyzed. This study had two primary objectives: first, we examined DOPE (an analog for PE) as an important fourth lipid component that may h…

Lipids and lipid nanoparticles functionalized with randomized poly(ethylene glycol) (rPEG) for mRNA delivery.

PEG lipids are essential excipients in lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations and enable the transport of therapeutic ribonucleic acids, creating stealth properties for these nanocarriers. However, an increasing number of studies raise concerns related to the growing presence of anti-PEG antibodies (APA) in the population. The presence of APAs results in the recognition and accelerated blood clearance of PEGylated therapeutics, thus diminishing the desired stealth effect of PEGylation. In this study, we present the isomerization of PEG to randomized PEG (rPEG) as an efficient approach for inhib…

Carob-Based Bigel Microstructure Modulates the Gastrointestinal Release of D-Pinitol, Phenolics and Lipids.

Carob-based bigels (BGs) were developed as structured fat replacers and delivery systems for bioactive compounds during gastrointestinal digestion. Four formulations combining different hydrogel (HG)/oleogel (OG) ratios and selective incorporation of two carob extracts-an inositol-rich extract (I-CFE) in the HG phase and a phenolic-rich extract (P-CFE) in the OG phase-were evaluated to determine the influence of microstructure on digestive behavior and bioactive release. Confocal microscopy showed that BG structure was mainly governed by the OG network, while alginate-rich aqueous domains rema

Toll-like Receptor 2 Recognition of Microbiota Lipoproteins and Lipids in Immunity and Therapy.

Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) recognizes a remarkably diverse range of microbial molecules and plays central roles in host defense, immune homeostasis, and cancer immunotherapy. Although bacterial lipoproteins and lipopeptides are canonical TLR2 agonists, recent studies have identified additional microbiota-derived ligands, including lipids, proteins, and polysaccharides. Advances in chemical biology, structural analysis, and activity-guided fractionation have revealed how subtle variations in ligand architecture influence TLR2 heterodimer usage, downstream signaling, and context-dependent immun…

Sustainable valorization of fish viscera into omega-3 rich lipids and their functional validation.

Fish-processing generates substantial viscera waste that is often discarded or sold at negligible prices, representing both an environmental … ncentration. A preliminary economic estimation suggests that valorization of viscera into PUFA-rich lipids may substantially enhance value compared with raw disposal, although detailed techno-economic analysis and pilot-scale validation are required to confirm feasibility. This dual demonstration of bioactivity and valorization potential highlights visce …

Light-controlled membrane remodeling in gel-fluid phase-separated giant vesicles using photoswitchable lipids.

Photoswitchable lipids enable optical control of membrane area, mechanics and phase behavior, offering a platform to study stimuli-responsive biomimetic systems. Here we ask how the spatial organization of coexisting membrane phases governs photoinduced mechanical responses. We incorporate the photoswitch azobenzene-phosphatidylcholine (azoPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) into gel-fluid phase-separated giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs). Using differential scanning calorimetry and temperature-controlled confocal microscopy, we quantify phase transitions and visualize domain dynamic…

Targeting and traceability of DY635-functionalized lipids for cholesterol-free, hepatocyte-directed lipid nanoparticles.

This study presents the development and characterization of a targeted lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation for mRNA-based gene delivery based on the elimination of cholesterol and the subsequent introduction of targeting moieties. Because the high cholesterol content of conventional LNPs and its interaction with apolipoprotein E (ApoE) result in predominant hepatic accumulation in vivo, the introduction of targeting moieties to achieve extrahepatic delivery remains challenging. Thus, an ethanol and cholesterol-free formulation strategy, called "blue" lipid nanoparticle (BLNP), was applied to

Route-selective enzymatic synthesis and structural elucidation of monooctanoylgalloylglycerols as amphiphilic phenolic structured lipids.

Monooctanoylgalloylglycerols (MOGGs) are monoacylated galloyl structured lipids that combine the phenolic hydroxyl groups of gallic acid with a medium fatty-acyl chain. Their lipase-catalyzed preparation is limited by competing acyl transfer, hydrolysis, and secondary acylation reactions. This work compared several Candida antarctica lipase B-catalyzed routes using Lipozyme® 435, including transesterification of propyl gallate with mono/diacylglycerols, hydrolysis/alcoholysis of dioctanoylgalloylglycerols (DOGG), one-pot conversion of propyl gallate, glycerol, and octanoic acid (OA), and direc…

Endocytosed lipids induce cell aggregation via filopodia retraction in a close relative of animals.

Capsaspora owczarzaki is a protist that may both reveal aspects of animal evolution and curtail the spread of schistosomiasis. Capsaspora ex … chemical properties of lipid cues that activate aggregation. We found that a range of zwitterionic lipids induced this behavior, revealing that aggregation is activated by diverse lipid-rich conditions. Furthermore, we demonstrated that aggregation in Capsaspora requires clathrin-mediated endocytosis, highlighting the potential significance of endocytos …

Множество миеломных клеточных липидов повышают целевость и эффективность нанолипосомных формул In Vitro.

Множественная миелома (MM) — рак крови, характеризующийся накоплением аномальных плазменных клеток в костном мозге (BM). Неопластическое расширение постепенно нарушает нормальное производство клеток крови, вытесняя здоровые кровеносные клетки. Болезнь характеризуется неизмеримо дифференцированными клетками В, которые выделяют антитела как часть адаптивной иммунной реакции. Одной из серьезных угроз, с которой сталкивается терапия малых молекул наркотиков для MM, является отсутствие селективной наркодиагностики, что в конечном счете приводит к недостаточному накоплению лекарств для целевых клето

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… Because RPMI 8226 cells encompass the total lipid fraction of both adherent and suspension cell populations, our LE-modified nanoliposomes share the same lipid composition and profile as the target cells. … Lipid Membrane Extraction Process Bligh and Dyer introduced a rapid method for isolating lipids in frozen fish [ 36 ]. The method was later modified for the extraction of total tumor lipid membranes [ 21 ]. …

A lipid-binding protein in black-legged tick saliva selectively recognizes Borrelia burgdorferi lipids.

A proteomic analysis of Ixodes scapularis nymph saliva identified 252 proteins, including six tubular lipid-binding proteins (TULIPs). Comparing nymphs fed on mice that were uninfected or infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, twelve salivary proteins showed significant differences in the amounts detected, including XP_040079658.2, which we refer to as TULIP2. Considering the known immunity-related functions of some TULIPs, we expressed and purified TULIP2 from Escherichia coli and analyzed its interaction with B. burgdorferi lipids. The purification of TULIP2 from E. coli presented many obstacle…

Fiber-Dependent Microbiome Glycine Lipids Ameliorate Steatotic Liver Disease in Mice via Mitochondrial Enhancement.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Oral and gut Bacteroidota species produce bioactive glycine lipids (GL), including the core Lipid 342, serine-glycine Lipid 654 (L654), and complex Lipid 1256 (L1256) classes. These microbiome-derived molecules are emerging modulators of host metabolism, but their dietary regulation, systemic presence, and therapeutic potential in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) remain unclear. METHODS: Microbiome-derived GLs were quantified in murine systemic and portal blood, intestinal lymph, and in mouse and human liver using targeted mass spectrometry…

The instrumental role of lipids in governing the sensitivity of multiple myeloma to ferroptosis.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignancy characterised by the uncontrolled proliferation of clonal plasma cells, primarily within the bone marr … programmed cell death as a therapeutic approach. In addition to the cellular proportions of phospholipids containing poly- and monounsaturated fatty acids, studies to date indicate that cholesterol levels impact not only the onset and progression of haematological malignancies but also the sensitivity of a variety of different cancers to ferroptosis. Th …

Association Between C22:5-Containing Lipids and RPE Pathologies in Mice with Tmem135 Overexpression.

Dysregulation of lipid metabolism has been linked with risk for age-related retinal diseases including age-related macular degeneration (AMD … plasma of Tmem135 TG mice, a common finding in both retinal and plasma lipidomes was an increase of lipids containing C22:5. This data suggests that accumulation of C22:5-containing lipids may contribute to the development of the RPE pathologies in Tmem135 TG mice.

Meta-analysis: Lipids, vascular function, cardio-cerebrovascular events after previous Kawasaki disease in children.

BACKGROUND: Chronic vascular inflammation may persist after Kawasaki disease (KD), but the long-term cardio-cerebrovascular prognosis remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between childhood KD and subsequent cardio-cerebrovascular risks. METHODS: A meta-analysis was performed on observational studies from PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science that compared individuals with and without a history of KD, assessing outcomes including lipid profiles, vascular ultrasound indices, and cardio-cerebrovascular events using a random-effects model. RESULTS: Fifty-one articles wer

Sustainable recovery of phospholipid-enriched polar lipids from scallop processing wastes for multifunctional application.

This study developed sustainable extraction strategies for obtaining value-added scallop oil (SO) from processing waste using conventional solvents and subcritical solvents as dimethyl ether (SCDME), butane (SCB), and butane combined with ethanol (SCB-EtOH). Phospholipid (PL)-enriched polar lipids were further prepared from extracted scallop oil by ternary biphasic separation method, and their antioxidant and emulsifying properties were also evaluated. The results showed that solvent polarity critically influenced both extraction yield and compositional characteristics, including PL content, f…

Maternal lipids in overweight and obesity: implications for pregnancy outcomes and offspring's body composition.

Overweight and obesity (OWO) are linked to dyslipidemia and low-grade chronic inflammation, which is fueled by lipotoxicity and oxidative stress. In the context of pregnancy, maternal OWO has long been known to negatively impact on pregnancy outcomes and maternal health, as well as to imprint a higher risk for diseases in offspring later in life. Emerging research suggests that individual lipid metabolites, which collectively form the lipidome, may play a causal role in the pathogenesis of OWO-related diseases. This can be applied to the onset of pregnancy complications such as gestational dia

Rational Design of pH-Switchable 3α-Amino Lithocholate-Modified Lipids for Efficient siRNA Delivery.

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) represent a state-of-the-art platform for RNA-based therapeutics, yet inefficient endosomal escape remains a critical barrier to cytosolic RNA delivery. We designed novel pH-switchable 3α-amino lithocholate-modified lipids (LMLs) with a unique mechanism of action. Under weakly basic conditions, the 3α-amino lithocholate moieties sequester within LNP membranes, while acidic environments (e.g., endosomal pH 5.0) trigger their reorientation to the lipid-water interface. The pH-driven flipping behavior amplified the surface charge of LNPs, yielding a much higher zeta pot…

Asterias amurensis lipids enhance the immunity of immunosuppressed mice as sustainable marine-eco materials.

Starfish (Asterias amurensis) are important predators in the marine benthic environment, preying on mollusks and echinoderms. Their waste also causes significant environmental harm. However, starfish contain a variety of nutrients and biologically active compounds that require further investigation. To maintain marine ecosystems and address environmental waste, lipids were extracted from A. amurensis skin, and their immune-enhancing effects were evaluated in cyclophosphamide (CY)- induced immunosuppressive mice. A. amurensis lipids were combined with PEG 6000 (AA-PEG), which contains a high co…