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Spatial distribution and sectoral characteristics of particulate matter-permitting emissions from heavy metal-emitting enterprises in China: Policy implications and environmental management strategies.

Industrial particulate matter (PM) emissions significantly contribute to air pollution and soil heavy metal contamination via deposition. In this study, the spatial distribution and sectoral variations in particulate matter-permitting emissions (PMpe) from heavy metal-emitting enterprises across China are analysed. We employed piecewise structural equation modelling to quantify the relative influences of geographic location, socioeconomic development, and climate conditions. The results revealed strong spatial agglomeration of enterprises, which exhibited a distinct "dense east, sparse west" p…

Impaired physical function in relation to later-life exposure to ambient fine particulate matter and ozone among Chinese middle-aged and older adults.

While ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone (O3) are extensively associated with population health, no studies have yet assessed the potential association between concurrent exposure to these two pollutants and physical function (PF) in middle-aged and elderly individuals. By collecting data from three phases of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we included 8834 follow-up observations from 4110 participants aged 45 years and older who had undergone at least two physical examinations between 2011 and 2015. PF scores of enrolled participants were assessed t…

Pre-admission fine particulate matter exposure is associated with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in patients with severe pneumonia, results from two multicenter cohort studies.

BACKGROUND: Aspergillus, the causative pathogen of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA)-a highly lethal infectious disease-produces spores with diameters that fall within the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) range and are frequently detected in ambient PM2.5 samples. In this study, we investigated whether pre-admission exposure to PM2.5 is associated with an increased risk of IPA in patients with severe pneumonia. METHODS: Daily PM2.5 levels for the six months before admission were obtained from a multicenter retrospective cohort and a multicenter prospective cohort. Multivariable logistic r…

Краткосрочное воздействие твердых частиц вызывает избирательное изменение плазмы внеклеточной упаковки miRNA в мышиной модели множественного склероза.

Эпидемиологические исследования свидетельствуют о наличии групп населения, проявляющих более высокую чувствительность к воздействию экологических факторов, таких, как воздействие загрязнения воздуха. В этой связи лица с множественным склерозом (MS) или предрасположенные к разработке MS - аутоиммунное расстройство центральной нервной системы (СКС) - представляются более уязвимой к воздействию воздействия твердых частиц (ТЧ). Здесь мы стремились раскрыть биологический субстрат такой более высокой уязвимости и, в частности, понять, реагируют ли отдельные лица на развитие автономного иммунитета (к

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Epidemiological studies have highlighted the existence of population groups exhibiting a higher sensitivity to the impact of environmental f … disorder of the Central Nervous System (CNS) - appear as a more vulnerable cohort to the effects of particulate matter (PM) exposure. Here, we aimed at disclosing the biological substrate of such higher vulnerability, and specifically at understanding whether individuals primed to develop autoimmunity (as it occurs in MS and in the experimental autoimmune encephalom …

The Association between Exposure to Fine Particulate Matter and MRI-Assessed Locus Coeruleus Integrity in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA).

BACKGROUND: Increased exposure to ambient air pollution, especially fine particulate matter ≤2.5μm (PM2.5) is associated with poorer brain health and increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. The locus coeruleus (LC), located in the brainstem, is one of the earliest regions affected by tau pathology seen in AD. Its diffuse projections throughout the brain include afferents to olfactory areas that are hypothesized conduits of cerebral particle deposition. Additionally, extensive contact of the LC with the cerebrovascular system may present an additional route of exposur…

CKD-497 inhibits NF-kB signaling and ameliorates inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in ovalbumin-induced asthma and particulate matter-induced airway inflammatory diseases.

Introduction: Air pollution, allergens, and bacterial infections are major contributors to pathological respiratory disorders worldwide. CKD-497, derived from the rhizome of Atractylodes japonica and the fruits of Schisandra chinensis, is known for its ability to relieve cough and facilitate phlegm expectoration. However, its protective action against allergic asthma and fine dust-induced lung inflammation, along with its underlying mechanisms, have not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: In this study, we established mouse models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma and particulate matter (PM…

Exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter and risks of hospital admission for major cardiovascular diseases: population based cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate exposure-response associations between chronic exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and risks of the first hospital admission for major cardiovascular disease (CVD) subtypes. DESIGN: Population based cohort study. SETTING: Contiguous US. PARTICIPANTS: 59 761 494 Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries aged ≥65 years during 2000-16. Calibrated PM2.5 predictions were linked to each participant's residential zip code as proxy exposure measurements. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Risk of the first hospital admission during follow-up for ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascu…

Associations between fine particulate matter, gene expression, and promoter methylation in human bronchial epithelial cells exposed within a classroom under air-liquid interface.

Associations between indoor air pollution from fine particulate matter (PM with aerodynamic diameter dp < 2.5 μm) and human health are poorly understood. Here, we analyse the concentration-response curves for fine and ultrafine PM, the gene expression, and the methylation patterns in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B) exposed at the air-liquid interface (ALI) within a classroom in downtown Rome. Our results document the upregulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and genes associated with xenobiotic metabolism (CYP1A1 and CYP1B1) in response to single exposure of cells to fresh urb…

Association Between Long-Term Exposure to Environmental Fine Particulate Matter and the Prevalence of Thyroid Disorders: A National Cross-Sectional Study in China.

Background: Exposure to particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm (PM2.5) is associated with the occurrence of thyroid dysfunction among pregnant women and neonates, but it is not known if this association occurs in the general population. We aimed to determine the association of prolonged exposure to PM2.5 with the prevalence of thyroid disorders among adults in China. Methods: A nationally representative cross-sectional study of thyroid disorders, iodine status, and diabetes status was carried out in all 31 provinces across China from 2015 to 2017. In total, 73,900 adults aged 18 yea

Hemispheric Cortical, Cerebellar and Caudate Atrophy Associated to Cognitive Impairment in Metropolitan Mexico City Young Adults Exposed to Fine Particulate Matter Air Pollution.

Exposures to fine particulate matter PM2.5 are associated with Alzheimer's, Parkinson's (AD, PD) and TDP-43 pathology in young Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC) residents. High-resolution structural T1-weighted brain MRI and/or Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) data were examined in 302 volunteers age 32.7 ± 6.0 years old. We used multivariate linear regressions to examine cortical surface area and thickness, subcortical and cerebellar volumes and MoCA in ≤30 vs. ≥31 years old. MMC residents were exposed to PM2.5 ~ 30.9 µg/m3. Robust hemispheric differences in frontal and temporal lobes, cauda…

Diesel particulate matter exposure deteriorates cardiovascular health and increases the sensitivity of rat heart towards ischemia reperfusion injury via suppressing mitochondrial bioenergetics function.

Documents from previous studies do not sufficiently explain the pathophysiological alterations involved in rat hearts exposed to PM2.5 from diesel exhaust, termed as Diesel Particulate matter (DPM). In the present study, we explored the cardiovascular effect of DPM exposure on the recovery of heart from Ischemia reperfusion injury (IR) and explored the probable cause-effect relationship. Two groups of female Wistar rats were exposed to 0.5 mg/ml DPM for 1 h and 3 h durations daily for 21 days via a whole-body exposure system. At the end of 21st day, the animals were sacrificed and the heart wa…

Dynamics of phosphorus composition in suspended particulate matter from a turbid eutrophic shallow lake (Lake Chaohu, China): Implications for phosphorus cycling and management.

Particulate phosphorus (P) dominates the total P (TP) content in lacustrine water columns and is a primary source of dissolved P in turbid eutrophic shallow lakes. However, the spatiotemporal variability of P compositions in suspended particulate matter (SPM) remains poorly understood. In this study, we applied chemical extraction and solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (31P NMR) to assess the seasonal variations of SPM P compositions from a shallow turbid lake (Lake Chaohu, China) and its main river tributaries. P fractionation analysis indicated that mobile P (the sum of labile-P, iron-b…

The biological effects of long-term exposure of human bronchial epithelial cells to total particulate matter from a candidate modified-risk tobacco product.

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable lung cancer (LC). Reduction of harmful constituents by heating rather than combusting tobacco may have the potential to reduce the risk of LC. We evaluated functional and molecular changes in human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells following a 12-week exposure to total particulate matter (TPM) from the aerosol of a candidate modified-risk tobacco product (cMRTP) in comparison with those following exposure to TPM from the 3R4F reference cigarette. Endpoints linked to lung carcinogenesis were assessed. Four-week 3R4F TPM exposure resulted in…

The use of a 0.20 μm particulate matter filter decreases cytotoxicity in lung epithelial cells following air-liquid interface exposure to motorcycle exhaust.

This study was designed to investigate whether the use of a 0.20 μm particulate matter (PM) filter reduced the cytotoxicity induced by motorcycle exhaust (ME), a mixture of gases and particles, in lung epithelial cells cultured in air-liquid interface (ALI) inserts. The concentrations of PM, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, total hydrocarbons (THC), total volatile organic compounds, and nitrogen oxides in both filtered ME (fME) by a 0.20 μm filter and non-filtered ME (non-fME) were measured. Lung epithelial cells were exposed to clean air, fME, or non-fME in the ALI chamber. Cell relative viab…

Exposure to Indoor Particulate Matter Worsens the Symptoms and Acute Exacerbations in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients of Southwestern Taiwan: A Pilot Study.

Ambient particulate matter (PM) can trigger adverse reactions in the respiratory system, but less is known about the effect of indoor PM. In this longitudinal study, we investigated the relationships between indoor PM and clinical parameters in patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Indoor air quality (PM2.5 and PM10 levels) was monitored in the patients' bedroom, kitchen, living room, and front door at baseline and every two months for one year. At each home visit, the patients were asked to complete spirometry and questionnaire testing. Exacerbati…

Measurement of fine particulate matter water-soluble inorganic species and precursor gases in the Alberta Oil Sands Region using an improved semicontinuous monitor.

UNLABELLED: The ambient ion monitor-ion chromatography (AIM-IC) system, which provides hourly measurements of the main chemical components of PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter<2.5 μm) and its precursor gases, was evaluated and deployed from May to July 2011 and April to December 2013 in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) of northeastern Alberta, Canada. The collection efficiencies for the gas-phase SO2 and HNO3 using the cellulose membrane were 96% and 100%, respectively, and the collection efficiency of NH3 using the nylon membrane was 100%. The AIM-IC was compared wit…

Trace elemental analysis of airborne particulate matter using dynamic reaction cell inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry: application to monitoring episodic industrial emission events.

The elemental composition of airborne particles is being increasingly monitored since several metals have been implicated in adverse human h … ved measurements of key aerosol elements including Al, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, and Zn in airborne coarse particulate matter (PM(10)) by exploiting ion-molecule reactions in a dynamic reaction cell (DRC) with NH(3) as the cell gas. Numerous other elements (Na, Mg, Si, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, Mn, Co, Ga, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Zr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pb, Th, and U) and lanthanoids (Y, …

Analysis of nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by liquid chromatography with fluorescence and mass spectrometry detection: air particulate matter, soot, and reaction product studies.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and their nitrated derivatives (nitro-PAH) are environmental pollutants which pose a threat to human … trations have been determined for different types of soot and for urban, rural, and alpine fine air particulate matter (PM2.5). For the first time, trace amounts of nitro-PAH have been detected in a high-alpine clean air environment. The on-line reduction and fluorescence technique has been complemented by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization time-of-flight mass …

Application of Stationary IoT Sensor Networks to Reduce Exposure to Particulate Matter During Local Hotspot Events in a Megacity: A Fireworks Case Study.

Growing public concern over the health impacts of particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) has highlighted the need for air quality monitoring networks that can raise an alert when high PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are detected. However, existing networks often have insufficient spatiotemporal resolution to detect localized events with high PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations. In this study, the existing air quality monitoring network in Seoul was complemented by Smart Seoul Data of Things (S-Dot), which is an Internet of Things (IoT)-based sensor network that collects various types of urban data. S-Dot…

Associations between ambient particulate matter and lipid levels among patients with depression: A moderated mediation analysis of C-reactive protein and residential greenness.

Depression is associated with an elevated risk of dyslipidemia, with chronic low-grade inflammation recognized as a key mechanism. Ambient particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) can induce systemic inflammation and disrupt lipid metabolism, yet evidence among depressed populations remains limited. Residential greenness may mitigate these adverse environmental effects. This cross-sectional study included 532 adults with depression in Anhui, China. Individual exposures to ambient particulate matter and residential greenness (measured by the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, NDVI) were estimat…