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First record and molecular detection of Ornithodoros maritimus Vermeil & Marguet, 1967 in Türkiye with notes on other tick species collected on the Gull Island, Sinop.

Ticks play an important role in the ecology of zoonotic diseases, however their diversity and host associations in insular ecosystems remain insufficiently documented in Türkiye. We investigated tick occurrence on yellow-legged Gulls (Larus michahellis) and within their nesting environment on Gull Island (Sinop, Türkiye) between March and June 2025. A total of 574 gull chicks and 833 nests were examined, yielding eight tick specimens. Morphological examination and molecular analyses revealed three noteworthy observations: (i) the detection of an adult Ixodes ricinus female attached to a yellow…

Tick Infestation Among Stray Dogs of Urban Chișinău, Moldova: Species Distribution and Pathogen Detection.

We investigated tick infestations in stray dogs from Chișinău, the capital of the Republic of Moldova, focusing on tick species distribution, and pathogen infection rates. Ticks were collected from 232 stray dogs across six major urban parks in 2021-2022. A total of 443 ticks were collected, belonging to five species: Ixodes ricinus (43.8%), Dermacentor reticulatus (35.2%), Dermacentor marginatus (20.5%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. and Haemaphysalis punctata with only 1 specimen. Notably, 92.5% of ticks were adults, while only 7% were nymphs and <1% were larvae. On average, 44.4% of stray d…

Serologic Investigation on Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus, Kemerovo Virus and Tribeč Virus Infections in Wild Birds.

The present study reports on serosurvey on the tick-borne encephalitis virus European subtype (TBEV; genus Flavivirus), and the tick-borne Kemerovo (KEMV) and Tribeč (TRBV) orbivirus (genus Orbivirus) infections in tick-infested and non-infested birds. No virus RNA was detected in the blood clots. Birds were infested mostly by Ixodes ricinus, but Haemaphysalis concinna and I. frontalis were observed too. TBEV, KEMV and TRBV neutralising antibodies (NAb) were detected in the screening microtitration neutralisation test (μVNT). Seropositive samples were further examined in simultaneous μVNT to d…

Артроподы и связанные с ними патогены из местных и внедренных грызунов в северо-восточной Италии.

Согласно сообщениям, сибирские чипсы &quot; Eutamias sibiricus &quot; являются важными резервуарами для заболевания человека лайма, так как они могут принимать большое количество жестких клещей, переносящих спа Боррелии и другие патогены. В настоящем исследовании мы провели оценку распространенности борелия-спеп и других патогенных бактерий в эктопаратических видах артроподов, которые заражают сибирские бурундуки и сосуществуют с коренными мелкими грызунами. Маленькие грызуны были пойманы в ловушках Шермана в Венето (NE Italy), где встречаются самые большие итальянские популяции бурундуков. На

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Introduced Siberian chipmunks Eutamias sibiricus have been reported to be important reservoirs for human Lyme disease, as they may host high … sent findings suggest a role for the invasive species E. sibiricus in the maintenance of the Ixodes ricinus life cycle, which may result in the modification of the transmission dynamics of tick-borne pathogens. Moreover, the presence of Rickettsia in urban populations of chipmunks may represent a serious risk for human health and should be investigated fu …

Ectoparasites of the black-chinned siskin Spinus barbatus (Passeriformes: Fringillidae) in Chile.

Despite being a bird with a broad and extensive distribution in Chile, the black-chinned siskin, Spinus barbatus Molina, 1782 is not well st … e were found, 21 of which were identified as Philopterus roehreri, 18 as Myrsidea serini, and 15 as Ricinus carolynae. Endoparasites were not found in the necropsied individuals. All of the parasites that were found represent new records for Chile, and they also serve as new records of host-parasite associations for S. barbatus.

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato detected in skin of Norwegian mountain hares (Lepus timidus) without signs of dissemination.

The mountain hare (Lepus timidus) population in southern Norway appears to be in decline. Necropsy and laboratory examinations of 36 hares f … -yet-defined Borrelia sp. SV1 were found in skin samples from hares and in adult and nymphal Ixodes ricinus feeding on hares. Only B. burgdorferi s.s. and Borrelia sp. SV1 were detected in larvae feeding on hares. Our results indicate that disseminated Borrelia infection in hares rarely occurs and, presumably, does not play a central role in the suspected …

[The analysis of epidemiology, clinical symptoms, serological tests in the course of borreliosis].

BACKGROUND: Lyme disease is an animal-borne disease, caused by spirochetes of the Borrelia burgdorferi (Bb). The infection is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus species. Humans are infected through a tick bite to the skin. The aim of the study was evaluation of epidemiology, symptoms and serologic factors in Lyme disease. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have enrolled 39 patients from Malopołska region in the study treated for Lyme borreliosis. History of tick biting, clinical signs and symptoms and serological tests were evaluated. RESULTS: The most common symptoms were headaches and pain o…

Novel antibody-lectin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay that distinguishes prion proteins in sporadic and variant cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.

We used different anti-prion protein (anti-PrP) monoclonal antibodies to capture either full-length or truncated PrP species and then used biotinylated lectin to compare the nature of the glycans on bound PrP species present in control, sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD), or variant CJD (vCJD) brains. When full-length PrP species in these three groups were compared, no significant difference in the binding of concanavalin A or Aleuria aurantia lectin was detected. However, the binding of Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA) to sCJD and vCJD samples was significantly increased. In contras…

Reverted virulence of attenuated tick-borne encephalitis virus mutant is not accompanied with the changes in deduced viral envelope protein amino acid sequence.

Serial passages of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) virus strain 4387 isolated from the liver and lungs of the bank vole through the salivary glands of Ixodes ricinus ticks led to a reduction of its virulence for laboratory mice infected via peripheral route. When attenuated mutants were passaged through mouse brains, virulent phenotypes have appeared in the 3rd mouse passage. After 5 consecutive passages the virus was more pathogenic for mice after peripheral inoculation than the parental 4387 strain. The nucleotide sequence of the envelope proteins of the strain 4387 was studied after passaging…

Lyme borreliosis: ten years after discovery of the etiologic agent, Borrelia burgdorferi.

Since the recovery of its causative agent, Borrelia burgdorferi, in 1981, Lyme borreliosis has become the most prevalent tick-borne disease … ported from 19 countries; its occurrence coincides with the distribution of the vector tick, Ixodes ricinus and possibly Ixodes hexagonus. Specific and dependable serological tests are still not available, but development of probes for specific antigens and the polymerase chain reaction appear promising in detecting ongoing infections and in identifying B …

Longitudinal study of natural foci of Central European encephalitis virus in West Slovakia.

A total of 2922 small terrestrial mammals of 12 species were collected in six localities of West Slovakia between 1981 and 1986. When examin … e with antibody). In all locations studies the most abundant tick found on small mammals was Ixodes ricinus (larvae and nymphs). Less abundant, but present in all studied sites, were larvae and nymphs of Dermacentor reticulatus and Haemaphysalis concinna. Six strains of CEE virus were isolated from tissues of animals: four from Clethryonomys glareolus and …

Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans--a spirochetosis. Clinical and histopathological picture based on 32 patients; course and relationship to erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius.

The recent discovery that spirochetes transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus are involved in the etiology of erythema chronicum migrans Afzelius (ECMA), Bannwarth's syndrome, and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (ACA) has thrown new light upon these disorders. Thirty-two patients showing clinical and serological evidence of ACA were investigated. Histologically, constant findings in active ACA lesions were telangiectases and a lymphocytic infiltrate with a moderate to rich admixture of plasma cells. Clinically, besides ACA lesions, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (LSA)-like lesions were foun…

Fitness of mCherry Reporter Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus in Tick Experimental Models.

The tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes a most important viral life-threatening illness transmitted by ticks. The interactions betwe … y to study its fitness in various tick-derived in vitro cell cultures and live unfed nymphal Ixodes ricinus ticks. The reporter virus was successfully replicated in tick cell lines and live ticks as confirmed by the plaque assay and the mCherry-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although a strong mCherry signal determined by fluorescence microscopy …

Characteristics of in vitro infection of human monocytes, by Rickettsia helvetica.

Eighteen species of rickettsiae are reported to cause infections in humans. One of these is Rickettsia helvetica, which is endemic in European and Asian countries and transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. Besides fever, it has been demonstrated to cause meningitis and is also associated with perimyocarditis. One of the initial targets for rickettsiae after inoculation by ticks is the macrophage/monocyte. How rickettsiae remain in the macrophages/monocytes before establishing their infection in vascular endothelial cells remains poorly understood. The main aim of the present study was to inve…

The role of particular ticks developmental stages in the circulation of tick-borne pathogens in Central Europe. 6. Babesia.

In the Central European conditions, three species of Babesia have epidemiological significance as human pathogens – Babesia divergens, B. microti and B. venatorum. Tick Ixodes ricinus is considered as their main vector, wild mammals as the animal reservoir. The zoonotic cycles of small and large Babesia differ in details. Due to the lack of transovarial mode transmission in small species B. microti, the circulation goes mainly between immature ticks and vertebrate hosts; pathogen circulates primarily in the cycle: infected rodent → the tick larva → the nymph → the mammal reservoir →the larva o…

Assessment of the Public Health Threats Posed by Vector-Borne Disease in the United Kingdom (UK).

In recent years, the known distribution of vector-borne diseases in Europe has changed, with much new information also available now on the status of vectors in the United Kingdom (UK). For example, in 2016, the UK reported their first detection of the non-native mosquito Aedes albopictus, which is a known vector for dengue and chikungunya virus. In 2010, Culex modestus, a principal mosquito vector for West Nile virus was detected in large numbers in the Thames estuary. For tick-borne diseases, data on the changing distribution of the Lyme borreliosis tick vector, Ixodes ricinus, has recently …

Passage of Borrelia burgdorferi through diverse Ixodid hard ticks causes distinct diseases: Lyme borreliosis and Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome.

Baggio-Yoshinari syndrome is an emerging, tick-borne, infectious disease recently discovered in Brazil. This syndrome is similar to Lyme dis … these vectors do not belong to the usual Lyme disease transmitters, which are members of the Ixodes ricinus complex. The adaptation of Borrelia burgdorferi to Brazilian vectors and reservoirs probably originated from spirochetes with atypical morphologies (cysts or cell-wall-deficient bacteria) exhibiting genetic adjustments, such as gene suppression. The …

Virulence of recurrent infestations with Borrelia-infected ticks in a Borrelia-amplifying bird.

Lyme disease cases caused by Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. bacteria is increasing steadily in Europe, in part due to the expansion of the vector, Ixodes ricinus. Wild reservoir hosts are typically recurrently infested. Understanding the impact of these cumulative parasite exposures on the host's health is, therefore, central to predict the distribution of tick populations and their pathogens. Here, we have experimentally investigated the symptoms of disease caused by recurrent infestations in a common songbird (Parus major). Birds were exposed three times in succession to ticks collected in a Borr…

Foci report on indigenous Dermacentor reticulatus populations in Belgium and a preliminary study of associated babesiosis pathogens.

The occurrence of autochthonous clinical cases of canine and equine babesiosis in Belgium during the last two decades suggests that the vect … on a dog in 2009 and on two red deer in 2007. Two different species of tick were identified, Ixodes ricinus (Ixodida: Ixodidae) and D. reticulatus. A total of 282 D. reticulatus adult ticks (98 males, 184 females) were collected from the four sites. Ticks were found mainly from early March until the end of May and a peak in activity was apparent in March. …

Spread of ticks and tick-borne diseases in Germany due to global warming.

Tick-transmitted diseases like tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme Borreliosis have been well known in Germany for decades. Global climate chan … . where the infection rate in ticks was about 20%. Over and above that, nymphs and adults of Ixodes ricinus were also collected and investigated by PCR for A. phagocytophilum (n = 5,424), Rickettsia helvetica (n = 1,187) and Babesia spp. (n = 3,113). Thereby infection rates of 1%, 8.9% and 1%, respectively, could be determined. The prevalence in rodents w …