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[CD4 + CD25 + regulatory T cells and their importance to human illnesses].

Regulatory T cells ensure a balanced immune response that is competent both to fight pathogens, at the same time, to recognize self-antigens … to the development of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, multiple sclerosis and chronic inflammatory bowel disease. Regulatory T cell therapy is a tempting strategy for reestablishing the immune balance and thus preventing or reversing these disorders. Reestablishment of the immune balance may be accomplished by adoptive tr …

Viral models of multiple sclerosis: neurodegeneration and demyelination in mice infected with Theiler's virus.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that affects the central nervous system (CNS) white matter, and for which no effective cure exists. Indeed, whether the primary event in MS pathology affects myelin or axons of the CNS remains unclear. Animal models are necessary to identify the immunopathological mechanisms involved in MS and to develop novel therapeutic and reparative approaches. Specifically, viral models of chronic demyelination and axonal damage have been used to study the contribution of viruses in human MS, and they have led to important break…

Serum Chitotriosidase Links to Activated Glia at Chronic Active Lesion Rims in Multiple Sclerosis Brain.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the association between 18 kDa translocator protein (TSPO)-positron emission tomography (PET)-measurable glial activation and serum chitotriosidase (CHIT1) in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS), and its expression in postmortem MS brain tissue. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 89 pwMS (19 progressive MS [PMS] and 70 relapsing-remitting MS [RRMS]) and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent [11C]PK11195 TSPO-PET. Serum CHIT1 concentration was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). T1-weighted hypointe…

Breaking peripheral immune tolerance to CNS antigens in neurodegenerative diseases: boosting autoimmunity to fight-off chronic neuroinflammation.

Immune cell infiltration to the brain's territory was considered for decades to reflect a pathological process in which immune cells attack the central nervous system (CNS); such a process is observed in the inflammatory autoimmune disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). As neuroinflammatory processes within the CNS parenchyma are also common to other CNS pathologies, regardless of their etiology, including neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), these pathologies have often been compared to MS, a disease that benefits from immunosuppress…

Current perspectives on the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis: A minireview.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, reactive gliosis, and progressive neuroaxonal damage resulting in heterogeneous clinical and histopathological manifestations. As MS often leads to disability at a young age, it represents a substantial socio-economic burden in developed countries. The etiopathogenesis of MS is multifactorial and incompletely understood, involving genetic, immunologic, and environmental factors. Recent research highlights immune responses to Epstein-Barr virus, blood-brain bar…

The Effect of Total Thyroidectomy on Trace Elements, Namely Zinc and Copper in Patients with Thyroid Diseases.

UNLABELLED: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative and inflammatory disorder of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by focal demyelinated lesions and axonal loss. Disease onset is initiated by an autoimmune cascade wherein autoreactive T and B lymphocytes target self-antigens on oligodendrocytes and the myelin sheath. This inflammatory environment, compounded by subsequent oxidative stress, drives progressive demyelination and axonal degeneration. Ultimately, this pathology culminates in a neurodegenerative phase that underlies both the characteristic episodic relaps…

A multiparametric evaluation of regional brain damage in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis.

The purpose of this study is to define the topographical distribution of gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) damage in patients with primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS), using a multiparametric MR-based approach. Using a 3 Tesla scanner, dual-echo, 3D fast-field echo (FFE), and diffusion tensor (DT) MRI scans were acquired from 18 PPMS patients and 17 matched healthy volunteers. An optimized voxel-based (VB) analysis was used to investigate the patterns of regional GM density changes and to quantify GM and WM diffusivity alterations of the entire brain. In PPMS patients, GM atroph…

Radiological Changes in the Spinal Cord and Brain of Patients with HTLV-1-Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP).

HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) is a chronic, progressive neurological disorder and shares many radiological and clinical features with other more prevalent myelopathies. Here, we quantified spinal cord and brain volumes in adults with HAM/TSP in comparison with healthy volunteers (HVs) and individuals diagnosed with relapsing-remitting or progressive multiple sclerosis (RRMS or P-MS). Clinical disability and MRI were assessed in 24 HVs, 43 HAM/TSP subjects, and 46 MS subjects. Spinal cord cross-sectional area (SCCSA) and brain tissue volumes were measured a…

Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Glial Cell Activation in a Mouse Model of Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system that is characterized by myelin abnormalities, oligodendrocyte pathology, and concomitant glia activation. The factors triggering gliosis and demyelination are currently not well characterized. New findings suggest an important role of the innate immune response in the initiation and progression of active demyelinating lesions. Especially during progressive disease, aberrant glia activation rather than the invasion of peripheral immune cells is accountable for progressive neuronal injury. The innate immune …

Семейство IL-12 цитокины страдают нейродегенеративными заболеваниями: двойные роли в нейротоксичности и нейрозащите.

Нейродегенеративные заболевания (ND), такие как болезнь Альцгеймера (AD), болезнь Паркинсона (PD), множественный склероз (MS) и амиотропический боковой склероз (ALS), характеризуются постепенной нейронной потерей и хронической нейроинфламмацией. Растущие данные свидетельствуют о том, что семья интерлейкин-12 (IL-12), включая IL-12, IL-23, IL-27 и IL-35, является центральным регулятором иммунной реакции в центральной нервной системе (КНС). IL-12 и IL-23 в основном поощряют провоспалительные пути путем стимулирования активности Th1/Th17, микроглиальной активации и нейротоксичности, в то время ка

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are characterized by progressive neuronal loss and chronic neuroinflammation. Increasing evidence highlights the interleukin-12 (IL-12) cytokine family-including IL-12, IL-23, IL-27, and IL-35-as centra…

Effects of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in patients with multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of efficacy and safety.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic autoimmune disease, is the leading cause of non-traumatic neurological disability in young adults. Vitamin D plays a vital immunomodulatory role, and deficiency has been linked to increased MS risk and activity. High-dose vitamin D supplementation has been proposed as a therapeutic approach. However, safety concerns and inconsistent evidence on efficacy highlights the need for systematic evaluation. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of high-dose vitamin D supplementation in patients with MS, with emphasis on immune markers, disabili…

12q24 locus association with type 1 diabetes: SH2B3 or ATXN2?

Genetic linkage analyses, genome-wide association studies of single nucleotide polymorphisms, copy number variation surveys, and mutation sc … opathic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, thrombotic antiphospholipid syndrome, lupus erythematosus, multiple sclerosis, hypothyroidism and vitiligo), also vascular pathology (like kidney glomerular filtration rate deficits, serum urate levels, plasma beta-2-microglobulin levels, retinal microcirculation problems, diastolic and systolic blood pressure and hypertensio …

Case Report: Improving gait and fatigue in multiple sclerosis through wearable electrical stimulation: a single-patient study.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system characterized by progressive impairments in gait, balance, coordination, and fatigue. The Exopulse Mollii Suit (EMS) has been recently introduced as a non-invasive method for delivering peripheral surface electrical stimulation to alleviate motor dysfunction in individuals with neurological disorders. This case study evaluated the effects of a 1-Month home-based EMS intervention on functional and biomechanical outcomes in a woman with relapsing-remitting MS. Specifically, a 53-year-old woman, clinically stable and not …

Стационарная помощь лицам с множественным склерозом - вторичный анализ данных в Германии между 2019 и 2024.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим аутоиммунным заболеванием, которое ложится тяжелым бременем на системы здравоохранения. В Германии услуги по уходу за больными переходят от стационарного лечения к амбулаторному лечению, чему способствуют успехи в лечении заболеваний и развитие инфраструктуры ухода. Всесторонние данные о тенденциях использования стационаров и их детерминантах по-прежнему ограничены. ЦЕЛИ: Анализ практики госпитализации и приема в детские сады лиц, имеющих MS (PWMS) в Германии в период между 2019 и 2024, анализ тенденций в разбивке по подтипам заболеваний, демогра

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease imposing a substantial burden on healthcare systems. In Germany, MS care has been transitioning from inpatient to outpatient settings, driven by advances in disease-modifying therapies and evolving care infrastructure. Comprehensive data on inpatient utilisation trends and their determinants…

EBV-informed multi-omics target prioritization and structure-based drug repurposing reveal potential therapeutic strategies for multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by progressive neurodegeneration, demyelination, and genetic susceptibility. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection has been implicated as a major environmental risk factor in MS pathogenesis. Despite the availability of disease-modifying therapies, effective targeted interventions for progressive disease remain limited. In this study, an EBV-informed integrative computational framework combining MS transcriptomic datasets, EBV-associated transcriptional signatures, GWAS susceptibility genes, and network analyses was emp…

Association between peripheral blood T cell subsets and clinical disability in multiple sclerosis patients.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immune-mediated disorder involving complex interactions among adaptive and innate immune pathways. The relationship between peripheral blood T cell subsets and clinical disability remains inadequately characterized. This study investigated associations between T cell subsets (CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8 + ratio) and Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in MS patients. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 48 MS patients who underwent EDSS scoring and flow cytometric analysis of peripheral blood T cell subsets. Clinical and treatme…

Обобщение и оценка воздействия нанопчастей аторвастатина и аторвастатина на вызванную ими демиелинацию Cuprizone: модуляция прохода с сигналами Nrf2/NF-kB.

Множественный склероз (MS) является хроническим воспалительным заболеванием центральной нервной системы (CNS), характеризующимся повреждением миелинской оболочки и, со временем, постепенным неврологическим расстройством. Статины привлекли внимание к исследованиям в области MS из-за их антивоспалительных и нейрозащитных эффектов. ЦЕЛИ: В этом исследовании оценивалось, может ли аторвастатин улучшить поведение и гистопатологические изменения мозга мужчины C57BL/6 Мыши. Все группы мышей, за исключением контрольной группы, которая получила нормальное питание, были накормлены 0.2% (КПЗ) в их ежеднев

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by damage to the myelin sheath and, over time, by progressive neurological disability. Statins have attracted attention in MS research owing to their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. OBJECTIVES: This study assessed whether at…

Anti-Glycolipid Antibody Examination in Five EAE Models and Theiler's Virus Model of Multiple Sclerosis: Detection of Anti-GM1, GM3, GM4, and Sulfatide Antibodies in Relapsing-Remitting EAE.

Anti-glycolipid antibodies have been reported to play pathogenic roles in peripheral inflammatory neuropathies, such as Guillain-Barré syndrome. On the other hand, the role in multiple sclerosis (MS), inflammatory demyelinating disease in the central nervous system (CNS), is largely unknown, although the presence of anti-glycolipid antibodies was reported to differ among MS patients with relapsing-remitting (RR), primary progressive (PP), and secondary progressive (SP) disease courses. We investigated whether the induction of anti-glycolipid antibodies could differ among experimental MS models…

[Sjögren's syndrome (SS), a review of the subject and saliva as a diagnostic method].

Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic autoimmune disease whose main clinical manifestation is oral dryness (xerostomia) and ocular dryness (xeroph … iseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, thyroid disease, psoriasis, and multiple sclerosis. Among the most common findings is hypergammaglobulinemia. Elevated levels of γ-globulins contain autoantibodies directed against nonspecific antigens such as rheumatoid factor, antinuclear antibodies, and cellular antigens SS-A/Ro and SS-B/La. Rega …

Hyperhomocysteinemia is associated with cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.

Hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy) has been associated with cognitive impairment in various neurological diseases. Cognitive impairment occurs early in multiple sclerosis (MS). Conflicting data have been reported regarding plasma total homocysteine (tHcy) levels in MS patients, and the impact of HHcy on cognitive impairment in MS is not known. This study investigated whether plasma total homocysteine levels are increased in MS and if HHcy is associated with cognitive impairment in MS. We compared tHcy levels in 94 patients with MS and 53 healthy age-matched controls. We used a neuropsychological test…