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Amino acid and monoamine alterations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus of mice submitted to ricinine-induced seizures.

The alkaloid ricinine isolated from the plant Ricinus communis, when administered to mice at high doses, induces clonic seizures accompanied by electroencephalographic alterations in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. The lethal nature of ricinine-induced seizures is considered to be a good model for the study of the events that cause death during clonic seizures, particularly those related to respiratory spasms. The initial signs (pre-seizure period) were marked by exophthalmus and decreased locomotor behavior. Animals killed during the preseizure period presented an increased utilization r…

The involvement of the cerebral cortex in human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy: a morphological and immunohistochemical study.

The encephalopathy resulting from direct infection of the brain by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), which correlates clinically with the … protein (GFAP), microglia and HIV antibodies]. Increased numbers of GFAP-expressing astrocytes and Ricinus communis agglutinin 1-120-expressing microglial cells were found in all the HIV-positive cases (including asymptomatic) and their severity could be correlated with the severity of the encephalopathy in the white matter; the increase in number of cel …

Three Groups of Teratocarcinoma Antigens Co-Expressed in the Visceral Endoderm are Located in Mutually Exclusive Sites in the Adult Kidney: (teratocarcinoma/glycoprotein/antigen/kidney/visceral endoderm).

Monoclonal rat antibodies were prepared against glycoproteins isolated from murine teratocarcinoma OTT6050 by affinity chromatography on Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA). These antibodies defined three distinct groups of antigens (OR antigens) commonly expressed in teratocarcinoma cells and in restricted sites of the kidney. OR 17 antigen was a new glycoprotein antigen and the biochemical properties were different from any membrane glycoprotiens or matrix glycoproteins so far described in teratocarcinoma cells. In the kidney, the antigen was found in the glomerular basement membrane, and to l…

The Historical Baseline of Hard Tick Records in Spain (1985-2024).

Ticks are important vectors of pathogens, producing diseases in animals and humans. The planning of information campaigns or prevention prog … s, Haemaphysalis punctata, Haemaphysalis sulcata, Hyalomma marginatum, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus hibericus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus (either s.s. or s.l.). Other species were sporadically collected. Many specimens have been re-examined for accurate identification according to current taxonomic views, main …

A new canid host for subcutaneous ticks: A report from Algeria in an African golden wolf (Canis lupaster).

BACKGROUND: Ticks are hematophagous ectoparasites that feed on the skin surface of their host. Subcutaneous localizations of ticks have pred … ual tick locations were observed. Based on morphological criteria the tick was identified as Ixodes ricinus / I. inopinatus. CONCLUSION: This study represents the first documentation of subcutaneous tick in an African golden wolf (Canis lupaster), thereby broadening the host spectrum for this atypical location. Furthermore, it underscores North Africa as …

DETECTION OF BABESIA CF. ODOCOILEI, BABESIA CAPREOLI, AND ANAPLASMA PHAGOCYTOPHILUM IN CERVIDS OF THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS, UNITED KINGDOM.

Outbreaks of suspected tick-borne disease (redwater fever) have been reported in captive deer of the Scottish Highlands. In this pilot study, polymerase chain reaction and amplicon sequencing were used to detect tick-borne pathogens in opportunistically collected blood and spleen samples from 63 (healthy, n = 44; diseased, n = 19) cervids, and 45 questing and feeding ticks (Ixodes ricinus) from the outbreak sites in 2021-2022. Potentially pathogenic Babesia species were detected in deer but not identified in ticks, Anaplasma phagocytophilum was detected in both deer and ticks, and Borrelia afz…

Необычный двухгранный фиропин от Тика Саливы: структура решения NMR и высокоселективное ингибирование Cystein Cthepsins Moduled by Glycosaminoglycans.

Структурные и биохимические свойства ингибиторов выступов из семейства тиропинов плохо понимаются у паразитов и патогенов. Здесь мы представляем нового члена семьи Ир-тиропина (IrThy), который скрыт в слюне рикодовых клещей, векторов боррилеза Лайма и трансмисситного энцефалита. Молекулярная молекула IrThy состоит из двух последовательных тироглобулинов типа 1 (Tg1) с необычным дисульфидом. Было установлено, что рекомбинант Ирти препятствует выступам катепсина из человека с высокой спецификой для катепсинов V, K и L среди широкого круга катепсинов с различными эндо- и экопептидазами. Оба домен

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
The structure and biochemical properties of protease inhibitors from the thyropin family are poorly understood in parasites and pathogens. Here, we introduce a novel family member, Ir-thyropin (IrThy), which is secreted in the saliva of Ixodes ricinus ticks, vectors of Lyme borreliosis and tick-borne encephalitis. The IrThy molecule consists of two consecuti…

Molecular identification of Borrelia and SFG Rickettsia spp. in hard ticks parasitizing domestic and wild animals in southeastern Spain.

Lyme disease and the spotted fever group rickettsiosis, involve bacteria belonging to the genus Borrelia and Rickettsia, respectively. These … sed. Ticks were morphologically identified as: Dermacentor marginatus, Hyalomma lusitanicum, Ixodes Ricinus, and Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Our results showed that 5.3% of the tick pool samples carried Borrelia spp. DNA, and 20.2% carried SFG Rickettsia DNA. In every hard tick pool Spot Fever Group (SFG) Rickettsia spp. DNA were detected, except for H. lus …

Combination therapy: synergism among three plant extracts against selected pathogens.

OBJECTIVE: The synergism among extracts of Senna alata, Ricinus communis, and Lannea barteri, and their anti-infective activities were investigated. The data collected for the antimicrobial activity of the extracts combinations were interpreted to be one of the following categories: synergy; indifferent; additive; or antagonistic. The interpretation was made based on the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) results. FICI of ≤ 0.5 indicates synergism, > 0.5 to 1 indicates additive effects, > 1 to ≤ 4 indifference, and > 4 is considered to be antagonism. RESULTS: Compared with the d…

Mapping distributions of the Lyme disease vector, Ixodes scapularis, and spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, in Kentucky using passive and active surveillance.

Lyme disease is the most common tick-borne illness in the United States and is becoming more prevalent each year. It is transmitted to humans and animals through the bites of Ixodes scapularis ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi in the eastern United States, I. pacificus in the western U.S, and I. ricinus in Europe and Asia. In Kentucky, where Lyme disease is non-endemic, the number of reported human cases in 2010 totaled five. In 2019, that number had increased by over 300%. Identifying the distribution of I. scapularis populations infected with B. burgdorferi is important data for effec…

Assessment of tick-borne pathogens presence in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks in north-eastern Poland.

PURPOSE: Dermacentor reticulatus is the second most common tick species in Poland after Ixodes ricinus. The aim of the study was to analyze the presence of pathogen DNA in D. reticulatus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ticks were collected in The Protected Landscape Area of the Bug and Nurzec Valley (52°40' N and 22°28' E) between 2016 and 2017. End-point PCR for Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Rickettsia spp., Bartonella spp. and Coxiella burnetii detection was performed. RESULTS: Tick-borne pathogens' DNA was detected in 11.3% of 301 ticks: B. burgdorferi …

Spatial and temporal patterns of Lyme Neuroborreliosis on Funen, Denmark from 1995-2014.

In Europe, Lyme neuroborreliosis (LNB) is the most severe manifestation of Lyme borreliosis and has recently been added to the communicable disease surveillance list for EU/EEA by the European Commission. In Northern Europe, LNB is primarily caused by the spirochete Borrelia garinii and transmitted by the tick Ixodes ricinus. This Danish observational epidemiologic case-control study includes every identified LNB patient (n = 401) on Funen, Denmark, from 1995-2014. We display spatial and temporal LNB incidence variation, seasonal distribution of cases and local spatial case clustering. Seasona…

Evidence of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever Virus Occurrence in Ixodidae Ticks of Armenia.

BACKGROUND: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) causes serious health problems in humans. Though ticks of the genera Hyalomma play a sign … e virus antigen and R. sanguineus was the most prevalent (37.9%). Dermacentor marginatus and Ixodes ricinus revealed no positive pools, but both revealed delectable but very low virus antigen titers. The highest infection rate (50%) was observed in R. sanguineus, whereas H. marginatus rate of infection was 1 out of 17 pools. CONCLUSION: For the first tim …

Enhancing the soil heavy metals removal efficiency by adding HPMA and PBTCA along with plant washing agents.

Plant washing agents-water-extracted from Coriaria nepalensis (CN), Clematis brevicaudata (CB), Pistacia weinmannifolia (PW) and Ricinus communis (RC)-are feasible and eco-friendly for soil heavy metal removal, but their single application has limited removal efficiency. To improve their metal removal efficiencies, two biodegradable assistant agents, hydrolytic polymaleic anhydride (HPMA) and 2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid (PBTCA), were investigated in combination with plant washing agents through batch soil washing experiments. Results showed that the addition of HPMA or PBTCA wit…

The first detection of species of Babesia Starcovici, 1893 in moose, Alces alces (Linnaeus), in Norway.

Babesiosis is an emerging zoonotic disease and various wildlife species are reservoir hosts for zoonotic species of Babesia Starcovici, 1893. The objective of the present study was to investigate the presence and prevalence of Babesia spp. in moose Alces alces (Linnaeus) in two regions of Norway. A total of 99 spleen samples were collected from animals of various ages from an area with the occurrence of the tick Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758), and from an area where the ticks are known to be absent. Infection was detected by the amplification of different regions of the 18S rRNA gene by using…

Моделирование сезонного риска заболевания Лаймом и потенциальных последствий потепления климата в рамках неоднородных ландшафтов Шотландии.

Болезнь Лайма является наиболее распространенным вирусным заболеванием в Северном полушарии умеренной зоны. Изобилие инфицированных имфальных клещей обычно используется в качестве показателя риска заболевания лаймом. Температура может влиять на динамику заболевания, формируя активность и развивая клещи и, следовательно, изменяя структуру контакта и перенос патогена между клещами и принимающими их животными. Была разработана механистическая модель, основанная на агентах, для изучения сезонной сезонности клещей Иксодеса и передачи Borrelia burborferi sensu lato по всей материковой части Шотланди

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Lyme disease is the most prevalent vector-borne disease in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. The abundance of infected nymphal ticks is com … mechanistic, agent-based model was developed to study the temperature-driven seasonality of Ixodes ricinus ticks and transmission of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato across mainland Scotland. Based on 12-year averaged temperature surfaces, our model predicted that Lyme disease risk currently peaks in autumn, approximately six weeks after the temperature p …

Characterization of spotted fever group Rickettsiae in ticks from a city park of Rome, Italy.

BACKGROUND: Ticks are vectors and important reservoirs for microbial agents that cause disease in humans and animals. Among these pathogens, the members of Rickettsia species play an important role in public health. AIM AND METHODS: One hundred twenty-nine ticks belonging to four tick species (Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus turanicus, Dermacentor marginatus, and Haemaphysalis punctata) were collected at different sites of the Insugherata Natural Reserve, localized in the urban area of Rome, Italy. Questing ticks were tested by PCR for Rickettsia spp., amplifying partial gene of ompA. RESULTS:…

Bartonella infection in small mammals and their ectoparasites in Lithuania.

The Bartonella pathogen is an emerging zoonotic agent. Epidemiological studies worldwide have demonstrated that small mammals are reservoir … eight species were collected from 109 (25.8%) small mammals. Five hundred and seventy ticks (Ixodes ricinus) were collected from 68 (16.1%) small mammals. Bartonella DNA was detected in 102 (23.7%) small mammals, 44 (29.1%) fleas and five (3.7%) pooled tick samples. Sequence analysis of 16S-23S rRNA ITS region showed that sequences were identical or simil …

Tick-bite-induced anaphylaxis in Spain.

Although there are very few reports of human anaphylaxis induced by tick bites, two such cases have recently been seen in Salamanca, Spain. … ponsible for each anaphylactic reaction, although the immunological results seem to point to Ixodes ricinus.

[Skin manifestations of Lyme borreliosis--occurrence, diagnosis, therapy].

Eight genotypes of Borrelia burgdorferi are known currently. In Slovakia (Carpathian Euroregion) the most frequent genotypes are B. garini, B. afzelii, as well as B. valaisiana and B. lusitaniae. Infestation of the vector Ixodes ricinus is 3-30%. The most frequent early skin manifestation is erythema migrans (60-70%). Borrelia burgdorferi is suggested to be the causative agent in sclerodermia circumscripta, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, maybe also in urticaria chronica, granuloma anulare, erythema anulare, erythema nodosum. It can be the causative agent also in neurological diagnoses as e.g.…