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Blood and sputum eosinophilia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients and their association with exacerbations: a prospective observational study from a tertiary care center.

Identification of the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotype allows selection of the most appropriate drug for each patient. Blood eosinophilia, as a surrogate marker for airway eosinophilia, has been associated with a phenotype of COPD exacerbators. Thus, blood eosinophilia and/or sputum eosinophilia enable healthcare providers to assess disease severity and guide treatment decisions in COPD patients. Understanding these factors can aid in effective COPD management and improve patient outcomes. A prospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital. A tota…

Interferon gamma release assay and sputum GeneXpert positivity for tuberculosis burden detection in people deprived of liberty in Brazil: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Globally tuberculosis disease (TB) poses a significant public health challenge. People deprived of liberty (PDL) are one of the most affected. This study aims to evaluate the positivity of interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) and molecular sputum testing for TB through a multicenter survey of Brazilian prisons and evaluate factors associated with IGRA positivity. METHODS: We performed a cross-sectional study among PDL in six male and two female prisons within 6 cities in Brazil in 2025. Eligible participants included consenting adults over 18 years. We randomized 130 individuals …

Diagnosing Type 2 Inflammation in COPD: Comparison of Blood and Sputum Eosinophil Assessment in the University of California Los Angeles COPD Phenotyping Study.

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) phenotyping is an approach for developing tailored therapies. The eosinophilic phenotype is associated with exacerbation risk and response to specific treatments. This study evaluates the relationship between sputum and blood eosinophilia, hypothesizing that sputum eosinophil percentage (SpE%) better reflects disease severity and exacerbation risk than blood eosinophil counts (BEC). METHODS: This was a single-center, prospective observational cohort with 107 participants aged 40-80 with clinically diagnosed COPD. Participants completed …

Using sputum and tongue swab specimens for in-home point-of-care targeted universal testing for tuberculosis of household contacts: an acceptability and feasibility analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Effective strategies are essential for early tuberculosis (TB) detection. Reliance on passive case detection, symptom screening and collection of sputum results in delayed or undiagnosed TB, contributing to on-going TB transmission. This study assessed the acceptability of in-home targeted universal TB testing (TUTT) using GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra at point-of-care (POC) during household contact investigations (HCIs) and the feasibility of using sputum and tongue swab specimens. METHODS: The TB Home Study sought to evaluate the predictive value of different specimen types for use …

Preferences for tongue swab-based versus sputum-based testing in the context of TB care: a best-worst scaling exercise in Vietnam and Zambia.

BACKGROUND: The development of non-sputum-based tests is an urgent priority to increase access to tuberculosis (TB) diagnostic testing. Understanding preferences of people undergoing testing is critical for designing tests and strategies aligned with their needs. METHODS: We conducted a survey and best-worst scaling (BWS) exercise to determine relative preferences for tongue swab-based versus sputum-based testing among people (≥13 years) with presumptive TB at primary health centres in Vietnam and Zambia. The BWS assessed 16 TB test features, including accuracy, sample type, turnaround time, …

USING SPUTUM AND TONGUE SWAB SPECIMENS FOR IN-HOME POINT-OF-CARE TARGETED UNIVERSAL TESTING FOR TB OF HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS: AN ACCEPTABILITY AND FEASIBILITY ANALYSIS.

INTRODUCTION: Effective strategies are needed to facilitate early detection and diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB). The overreliance on passive case detection, symptom screening, and collection of sputum, results in delayed or undiagnosed TB, which directly contributes to on-going TB transmission. We assessed the acceptability and feasibility of in-home, Targeted Universal TB Testing (TUTT) of household contacts using GeneXpert MTB/RIF Ultra at point-of-care (POC) during household contact investigations (HCIs) and compared the feasibility of using sputum vs. tongue swab specimens. METHODS: Househ…

Determination of sputum eosinophil count and serum absolute eosinophil count in patients with bronchial asthma and its correlation with disease severity and response to treatment.

BACKGROUND: Sputum eosinophils can be used to assess severity of disease and response to treatment in bronchial asthma. Eosinophilic inflammation in the airways can also be marked by blood eosinophilia. In this study, we tried to determine the sputum eosinophil count and serum absolute eosinophil count in patients with asthma and correlate them with disease severity and treatment response. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was a cross-sectional intervention study including all consecutive cases with a diagnosis of bronchial asthma based on spirometry and clinical history. An induced sputum sample and…

TB or not TB? Definitive determination of species within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in unprocessed sputum from adults with presumed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

OBJECTIVES: Differences among Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) species may predict drug resistance or treatment success. Thus, we optimised and deployed the genotype MTBC assay (gMTBC) to identify MTC to the species level, and then performed comparative genotypic drug-susceptibility testing to anti-tuberculosis drugs from direct sputum of patients with presumed multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) by the MTBDRplus/sl reference method. METHODS: Patients with positive Xpert® MTB/RIF (Xpert) results were consented to provide early-morning-sputum for testing by the gMTBC and the refe…

Fungal sensitization and positive fungal culture from sputum in children with asthma are associated with reduced lung function and acute asthma attacks respectively.

BACKGROUND: Sensitization to thermotolerant fungi, including filamentous fungi and Candida albicans, is associated with poor lung function in adults with severe asthma. Data in children are lacking. Environmental exposure to fungi is linked with acute severe asthma attacks, but there are few studies reporting the presence of fungi in the airways during asthma attacks. METHODS: We investigated the association between fungal sensitization and/or positive fungal sputum culture and markers of asthma severity in children with chronic and acute asthma. Sensitization was determined using serum-speci…

Prospective multicenter randomized patient recruitment and sample collection to enable future measurements of sputum biomarkers of inflammation in an observational study of cystic fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Biomarkers of inflammation predictive of cystic fibrosis (CF) disease outcomes would increase the power of clinical trials and contribute to better personalization of clinical assessments. A representative patient cohort would improve searching for believable, generalizable, reproducible and accurate biomarkers. METHODS: We recruited patients from Mountain West CF Consortium (MWCFC) care centers for prospective observational study of sputum biomarkers of inflammation. After informed consent, centers enrolled randomly selected patients with CF who were clinically stable sputum prod…

Polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor gene are associated with reduced rate of sputum culture conversion in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin D modulates the inflammatory and immune response to tuberculosis (TB) and also mediates the induction of the antimicrobial peptide cathelicidin. Deficiency of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene may increase the risk of TB disease and decrease culture conversion rates in drug susceptible TB. Whether these VDR SNPs are found in African populations or impact multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB treatment has not been established. We aimed to determine if SNPs in the VDR gene were associated with sputum culture conversion…

Assessment of the quantity of microorganisms associated with bronchiectasis in saliva, sputum and nasal lavage after periodontal treatment: a study protocol of a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: The association between periodontal disease (PD) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has been widely studied, wit … alitosis and the amount of microorganisms associated with exacerbation of bronchiectasis in saliva, sputum and nasal lavage 3 months after PT. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A total of 182 patients with PD and bronchiectasis will be randomly allocated to group 1 (positive control; scaling and root planing (SRP)+oral hygiene (OH)) or group 2 (experimental; SRP+ph …

Корреляция между тестом на коже клубня и ИГРА с факторами риска для распространения инфекции в тесных контактах с мазком слюны, положительным в легочном туберкулезе.

Цель исследования состояла в том, чтобы оценить корреляцию между тестом на коже клубня (TST) и Интерферон-гамма (IGRAs) in vitro (Interferon-gamma) с учетом факторов риска распространения инфекции при контактах с положительной лёгким туберкулезом (ТБ). Мы завербовали потенциальные контакты с пациентами с положительными легочными туберкулёзами. Мы изучили инфекцию вируса иммунодефицита человека (ВИЧ) и другие условия иммунодефицита, наличие вакцины БЦЖ и степень подверженности индексу. Пациенты прошли тесты TST, радиографию грудной клетки, при необходимости анализ слюны и анализы ИГРА (QFN-G-IT

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to assess the correlation between the tuberculin skin test (TST) and in vitro interferon-gamma released … nation and the degree of exposure to the index case. Patients underwent the TST, chest radiography, sputum analysis when necessary, and IGRA assays (QFN-G-IT and T-SPOT.TB). Presence of cough, diagnostic delay (days between first symptoms and TB diagnostic), contact conditions: room size (square meters) and index of overcrowding (square meters per person …

Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in gastric aspirate and sputum collected from Ethiopian HIV-positive and HIV-negative children in a mixed in- and outpatient setting.

AIM: To investigate, through a prospective study, the detection rate of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputa and gastric aspirate from tuberculous children in a low-income country with high prevalence of tuberculosis and an increasing HIV epidemic. METHODS: Gastric aspirates and/or sputum samples were collected from 355 children with pulmonary tuberculosis as follows: from 136 children under 5 y only gastric aspirate was taken, for 159 children aged 5 to 9 y both methods were used, and for 60 children over 10 y only sputum was analysed. The diagnosis of tuberculosis was based on clinical data,…

Transcriptome Profiling of Induced Sputum Identified Upregulated TNF-α/NF-κB Signalling and Downregulated Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Function in Post-Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans.

Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PiBO) is a chronic lung disease that develops after severe lower respiratory infections and leads to persistent inflammation and fibrotic changes in the small airways. In the present study, gene expression analysis was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in sputum cells derived from PiBO patients and compare them to healthy controls. Clinical history, lung function parameters, and induced sputum samples were collected from nine patients with PiBO and eight healthy controls. Multiplex immunohistochemistry (mIHC) as well as mRNA sequen…

Single nucleotide variants in Pseudomonas aeruginosa populations from sputum correlate with baseline lung function and predict disease progression in individuals with cystic fibrosis.

The severity and progression of lung disease are highly variable across individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) and are imperfectly predicted by mutations in the human gene CFTR, lung microbiome variation or other clinical factors. The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pa) dominates airway infections in most CF adults. Here we hypothesized that within-host genetic variation of Pa populations would be associated with lung disease severity. To quantify Pa genetic variation within CF sputum samples, we used deep amplicon sequencing (AmpliSeq) of 209 Pa genes previously associated with …

Patients With Asthma Only Sensitized to Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxins Have More Exacerbations, Airflow Limitation, and Higher Levels of Sputum IL-5 and IgE.

BACKGROUND: Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (SE) may act as superantigens and induce an intense T-cell activation, causing local producti … with asthma categorized into 4 groups according to sensitization to AAs and/or SE. We also compared sputum supernatant cytokines in patients sensitized to SE or not. RESULTS: Patients with asthma sensitized only to AAs represented 30%, while 29% were sensitized to both AAs and SE. One-fifth of the population had no specific IgE. Sensitization to SE but …

Performance Comparison of GeneXpert MTB/RIF, Gene Chip Technology, and Modified Roche Culture Method in Detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Drug Susceptibility in Sputum.

Our aim of this study was to observe and analyze the performance of the real-time fluorescence quantitative nucleic acid amplification detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis/rifampicin resistance (GeneXpert MTB/RIF), gene chip technology, and modified Roche culture method in detecting MTB in sputum submitted for inspection and drug susceptibility. Patients with smear-negative suspected pulmonary TB (n = 120) in our hospital were enrolled in this study using a random number table, and sputum samples submitted for inspection were tested by the GeneXpert MTB/RIF, gene chip technology, and modifi…

Direct detection of resistance to fluoroquinolones/SLIDs in sputum specimen by GenoType MTBDRsl v.2.0 assay A study from Eastern Uttar Pradesh, India.

BACKGROUND: According to World Health Organization (WHO), drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a major contributor to antimicrobial resist … notypic drug susceptibility testing (DST). METHODS: The study was conducted on 1320 smear positive sputum samples from a total of 2536 RR-TB, confirmed by GeneXpert MTB/RIF. The smear positive specimens were decontaminated, and DNA extraction was performed. Furthermore, the extracted DNA was used for GenoType MTBDRsl v.2.0 assay. While 20% of the decont …