Результаты поиска

Yokukansan Reduces Cuprizone-Induced Demyelination in the Corpus Callosum Through Anti-inflammatory Effects on Microglia.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The release of inflammatory cytokines … a diet containing 0.2% cuprizone (bis-cyclohexanone oxaldihydrazone) to induce demyelination in the corpus callosum. We investigated whether or not yokukansan reduces cuprizone-induced demyelination using immunohistochemical analyses. Furthermore, we examined the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of yokukansan on LPS-stimulated BV2 cells, a murine microglial cel …

Low-cost, rapidly-developed, 3D printed in vitro corpus callosum model for mucopolysaccharidosis type I.

The rising prevalence of high throughput screening and the general inability of (1) two dimensional (2D) cell culture and (2) in vitro relea … s used in the rapid, low-cost development of a 3D model of a mucopolysaccharidosis type I patient's corpus callosum, which may be used for cell culture and drug release. The CAD model is developed from in vivo brain MRI tracing of the corpus callosum using open-source software, printed with poly (lactic-acid) on a Makerbot Replicator 5X, UV-sterilized, and coated …

Congenital macular dystrophy, corpus callosum agenesis, hippocampi hypoplasia--a novel neuro-ophthalmic syndrome: case report.

INTRODUCTION: Macular dystrophy is a cause of childhood and adult visual handicap and has been associated with multiple gene defects. Syndromic macular dystrophy is rare and a novel congenital form of syndromic macular dystrophy is presented. The authors report on a consanguineous family in which the 5-year-old female proband presented with nystagmus and low vision due to congenital macular dystrophy visible on fundus examination associated with complete corpus callosum agenesis, hippocampi hypoplasia and recurrent illnesses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients signed informed consent forms to pa…

Behavioural testing of standard inbred and 5HT(1B) knockout mice: implications of absent corpus callosum.

Rapid advances in biotechnology have created new demands for tests of mouse behaviour having both high reliability and high throughput for mass screening. This paper discusses several statistical and psychological factors pertinent to replication of results in different laboratories, and it considers the question of which inbred strains are best for test standardization. In this context, the problem of absent corpus callosum in the 129 strains is addressed with data from a recent study of six diverse tests of behaviour, and it is shown that effects of absent corpus callosum are usually nonsign…

Recessively inherited spastic paraplegia associated with ataxia, congenital cataracts, thin corpus callosum and axonal neuropathy.

We investigated a consanguineous Japanese family with a complicated form of familial spastic paraplegia (FSP). Three siblings were affected, probably by autosomal recessive inheritance. All showed ataxia, subnormal mentality, congenital cataracts, and slight cerebellar atrophy on CT scans. Spastic paraplegia was predominant in 2 siblings, while ataxia was more marked in the other. Slight but definite atrophy of the corpus callosum and axonal neuropathy were demonstrated in 1 sibling who underwent detailed investigation. Review of similar cases reported in the literature indicates that this rec…

Agenesis of the corpus callosum, infantile spasms, ocular anomalies (Aicardi's syndrome). Clinical and pathologic findings.

A patient with Aicardi's syndrome had the complete clinical picture of mental subnormality, convulsions, electroencephalographic disturbances, ocular anomalies, female sex, and agenesis of the corpus callosum. A second patient had the features of the syndrome, with microphthalmia and one patient had the features of the syndrome, with microphthalmia and one depigmented zone. In both cases and in Brihaye's case, no pineal gland was found. Since the epiphysis cerebri is important as a clock for sexual development, its absence may be incompatible with the development of a male fetus. The pathogene…

Association of corpus callosum and corticospinal tract microstructure with bimanual coordination in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Bimanual actions involve the coordinated use of both hands and are supported in part by the corticospinal tract (CST) for motor execution and the corpus callosum (CC) for bimanual coordination. In children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP), disruptions in the microstructural properties of the CST and CC have been associated with reduced bimanual motor functions. However, their specific contributions to bimanual motor control remain to be fully understood. Seventeen children with unilateral CP (mean age 10.7 ± 2.1 years, 7 females) with mild to moderate motor impairments were recruited. Sever…

Microcephaly, Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum, and Suspected Blake Pouch Cyst Presenting With Failure to Thrive in an Infant.

Infants presenting with microcephaly may present with misshapen head abnormalities that warrant surgical intervention or further investigation. Cranial growth restriction may occur secondary to impaired cerebral development with patent sutures, a diagnostic distinction with critical implications for management. Craniosynostosis, characterized by premature fusion of cranial sutures, is a common consideration in infants presenting with abnormal skull morphology and microcephaly. Agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) is a congenital brain malformation that may present with microcephaly, failure t…

Significance of the corpus callosum and inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus in recovery after traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the correlations between the consciousness state scores and the fractional anisotropy (FA) values in various segments of the Corpus Callosum (CC) and Inferior Fronto-Occipital Fasciculus (IFOF) at different stages of recovery after traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in 43 TBI patients and 22 healthy volunteers. The consciousness levels were estimated with the CRS-R scale. The tracts were divided into segments using a template based on tractograms of healthy volunteers, and the correlations between the CRS-R scores and the …

A Systematic Review with a Meta-Analysis of the Morphological Variants of the Corpus Callosum: Related Neurocognitive Clinical Implications.

BACKGROUND: Corpus callosum agenesis (CCA) occurs in approximately 1 in every 4000 births and is identified in 3-5% of individuals evaluated through neuroimaging for neurodevelopmental disorders. The combined prevalence of CCA and hypoplasia is estimated to range from 1.8 to 10 in every 10,000 births. METHODS: The online databases Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences were searched until May 2025. Two authors independently conducted the search, selected the studi…

Corpus Callosum Structural Alterations in Essential Tremor with and Without Resting Tremor: A Multimodal MRI Study.

BACKGROUND: Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder characterized by postural and kinetic tremor. Some patients also show resting tremor, being classified as the ET-plus distinct subtype. The corpus callosum (CC) involvement is proven in several neurological diseases, including ET, but differences between ET with and without resting tremor have not been studied. In this study, we investigated structural characteristics of the CC in a cohort of ET and ET with resting tremor (ETrt) patients, compared to healthy controls (HC). METHODS: We enrolled 128 participants (63 ET, 38 ETrt, an…

Размер и площадная материя: влияние каллосум субрегионального повреждения корпусом на масштабы перекрестного обучения прочности.

ВВЕДЕНИЕ: Перекрестное образование представляет собой укоренившееся, но не вполне понятное явление, связанное с межвеберийскими процессами в рамках корпусной каллосум (CC), которые приводят к укреплению неподготовленной конечности после обучения противосторонним гомологическим мышцам. Существует значительная нехватка исследований в области межобразования, в которых использовались бы лесные модели. В этом исследовании использовалась модель множественного склероза, который, как правило, характеризуется демиелионирующими каллосальными повреждениями, для выявления субрегионов CC, которые выступают

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
INTRODUCTION: Cross-education is an established yet not fully understood phenomenon involving interhemispheric processes within the corpus callosum (CC) that result in strength gains in the untraining limb following training of the contralateral homologous muscles. There is a substantial lack of cross-education studies employing lesional models. This study e…

Microstructural Degeneration of the Corpus Callosum in Parkinson's Disease with Unilateral Onset: A Free-Water Imaging Study.

Background: Motor symptom laterality is an important clinical feature of PD that not only manifests as lateral limb dysfunction but also affects the nonmotor symptoms and the prognosis in PD patients. Previous studies suggested that the compensatory mechanisms in the dominant hemisphere of the brain may be an underlying explanation. The corpus callosum (CC) is the largest fiber connecting the two hemispheres of the brain. Considering the CC as the pointcut may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying how motor symptom laterality affects nonmotor symptoms and prognosis in PD patients. Purpose: …

Genetic etiology of agenesis of the corpus callosum: a retrospective single-center cohort analysis of 114 fetuses.

PURPOSE: The identification and prognosis of the agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC) for prenatal consultation are complex and currently unclear. This study aims to explore the correlated genetic mutations of prenatal ACC. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 114 prenatal cases of ACC. All cases (n = 114) were subjected to chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA), and 66 CMA-negative cases underwent prenatal exome sequencing (pES) for further analysis. RESULTS: CMA was diagnosed positively in 15/114 (13.2%) cases and pES was diagnosed positively in 24/66 (36.4%) CMA-negative cases. The detect…

Loss-of-function variants in ZEB1 cause dominant anomalies of the corpus callosum with favourable cognitive prognosis.

BACKGROUND: The neurodevelopmental prognosis of anomalies of the corpus callosum (ACC), one of the most frequent brain malformations, varies extremely, ranging from normal development to profound intellectual disability (ID). Numerous genes are known to cause syndromic ACC with ID, whereas the genetics of ACC without ID remains poorly deciphered. METHODS: Through a collaborative work, we describe here ZEB1, a gene previously involved in an ophthalmological condition called type 3 posterior polymorphous corneal dystrophy, as a new dominant gene of ACC. We report a series of nine individuals wi…

Tolvaptan for Treatment of Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone Secretion (SIADH) in a Child with Corpus Callosum Agenesis.

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is one of the common causes of euvolemic hyponatremia (serum Na+ < 135 mEq/ … imited experience with their use in the pediatric population. Here, the authors present a girl with corpus callosum agenesis with severe symptomatic hyponatremia due to SIADH who was successfully managed with the V2-receptor antagonist tolvaptan.

Assessment of the corpus callosum size in male individuals with high intelligence quotient (members of Mensa International).

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the size of the corpus callosum in members of Mensa International, which is the world's largest and oldest high-intelligence quotient (IQ) society. METHODS: We performed T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (Repetition Time, TR = 3200 ms, Time of Echo, TE = 409 ms) to examine the brain of members of Mensa International (Polish national group) in order to assess the size of the corpus callosum. Results from 113 male MENSA members and 96 controls in the age range of 21-40 years were analyzed. RESULTS: The comparative analysis showed that the me…

Segmental alterations of the corpus callosum in motor neuron disease: A DTI and texture analysis in 575 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Within the core neuroimaging signature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the corpus callosum (CC) is increasingly recognized as a consistent feature. The aim of this study was to investigate the sensitivity and specificity of the microstructural segmental CC morphology, assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and high-resolution T1-weighted (T1w) imaging, in a large cohort of ALS patients including different clinical phenotypes. METHODS: In a single-centre study, 575 patients with ALS (classical phenotype, N  = 432; restricted phenotypes primary lateral sclerosis (PLS) …

Segmental involvement of the corpus callosum in C9orf72-associated ALS: a tract of interest-based DTI study.

BACKGROUND: C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansions are associated with widespread cerebral alterations, including white matter alterations. However, there is lack of information on changes in commissure fibres. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can identify amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)-associated patterns of regional brain alterations at the group level. The objective of this study was to investigate the structural connectivity of the corpus callosum (CC) in ALS patients with C9orf72 expansions. METHODS: DTI-based white matter mapping was performed by a hypothesis-guided tractwise analy…

Cytotoxic Lesion of the Corpus Callosum in an Adolescent with Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome and SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is a recently described complication in the late phase of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome co … syndrome and acute encephalopathy causing delirium who was found to have a cytotoxic lesion of the corpus callosum on neuroimaging. Cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum are a well-known, typically reversible entity that can occur in a wide range of conditions, including infection, seizure, toxins, nutritional deficiencies, and Kawasaki disease. We hypothesiz …