Результаты поиска

ESTIMATION OF TITER OF VENEZUELAN EQUINE ENCEPHALOMYELITIS VIRUS PREPARATIONS FROM A SINGLE-DILUTION ASSAY.

Riley, Jean M. (U.S. Army Biological Laboratories, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Md.), William C. Patrick, III, and William E. Campbell, Jr. Estimation of titer of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus preparations from a single-dilution assay. J. Bacteriol. 85:1256-1260. 1963.-When suspensions of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis (VEE) virus were injected intracerebrally into groups of mice, a nearly linear relationship was observed between the concentration of the virus injected and the mean reciprocal time-to-death of the mice. A total of 91 VEE preparations were assayed in duplicate, and,…

Growth of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in L cells. II. Growth in submerged culture.

Hardy, Frank M. (U. S. Army Chemical Corps, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland), and Arthur Brown. Growth of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus in L cells. II. Growth in submerged culture. J. Bacteriol. 82:449-457. 1961.-The detailed kinetics of Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus multiplication and release and the progressive cell death due to the virus infection were studied in a uniformly susceptible L cell population. The adsorption phase was complete in approximately 15 min with multiplicities of 1, 10, and 100 MICLD(50). An eclipse phase showing the disappearance of some of t…

Self-management support needs for individuals with Myalgic Encephalomyelitis and their next of kin - a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) is a complex, disabling condition with limited evidence-based treatment options. Self-management support is recommended to improve people's coping and quality of life, yet little is known about whether the provided self-management support meet individuals with ME/CFS and their next of kins needs. The aim of this study was to explore the self-management support needs of individuals with ME/CFS and their next of kin, and to identify barriers and facilitators to effective self-management support in order to inform improvement…

Ameliorating Effect of Lavandula Angustifolia on Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis Symptoms by Modulation of Immune Responses.

BACKGROUND: Migration of autoreactive T cells into the brain and production of inflammatory cytokines play an undeniable role in the neuronal damage in multiple sclerosis (MS), and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). We investigated the immunomodulatory properties of Lavandula angustifolia (lavender), a medicinal plant, in an EAE model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice using the MOG35-55 peptide. Mice were divided into control and lavender-treated groups, receiving phosphate-buffered saline or lavender extract (50 or 100 mg/kg), respectivel…

Understanding the Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system, mostly occurring during the reproductive period, and it is diagnosed more frequently in women. The sex biases in the incidence and course of both MS and its most commonly used animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), seem to be driven by fluctuations in sex hormones. The regulation of sex hormone synthesis and release relies on a dynamic hierarchical system-the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. This review provides an overview of the main characteristics of MS and EAE patholo…

Вирус Zika усугубляет энцефаломиэлит, вызывая производство хемокина Т в астроцитах.

Недавние вспышки вируса ZIKA (ZIKV) в Бразилии и Пуэрто-Рико были связаны с ростом заболеваемости микроцефалией плода и синдромом Гильен-Барре. Кроме того, хотя причинно-следственная связь до сих пор не доказана, ZIKV был обнаружен в мозгах пациентов с множественным склерозом (MS), что вызвало интерес к возможной связи. Цель настоящего исследования заключалась в разъяснении роли ZIKV в патогенезе MS. Зараженные ZIKV мыши с экспериментальным аутоиммунным энцефаломиелитом (EAE) продемонстрировали симптомы отягчающего действия EAE при значительном обезвоживании центральной нервной системы (CNS).

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Recent outbreaks of the ZIKA virus (ZIKV) in Brazil and Puerto Rico have been linked to an increase in the incidence of fetal microcephaly a … ucidate the role of ZIKV in the pathogenesis of MS. ZIKV-infected mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) exhibited aggravated EAE symptoms with significant demyelination of the central nervous system (CNS). Moreover, ZIKV infection promoted pathogenic T cell infiltration into the CNS by enhancing the expression of chemokines for C-C motif chemoki …

Causes of symptoms and symptom persistence in long COVID and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome.

Debilitating symptoms for many years can follow acute COVID-19 ("long COVID"), myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), and various post-acute infection syndromes (PAISs). Together, long COVID and ME/CFS affect 60-400 million individuals, globally. Many similar underlying biological abnormalities have been identified in both conditions including autoantibodies against neural targets, endothelial dysfunction, acquired mitochondrial dysfunction, and a pro-inflammatory gut microbiome. Each of these abnormalities may directly cause some of the symptoms. In addition, the symptom…

Выражение Brd4 в CD4 T клеток и в микроглии поощряет нейроинфламмацию в экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиелите.

Микроглии являются постоянными врожденными иммунными клетками центральной нервной системы (СНС), которые обеспечивают антимикробную защиту, но также способствуют нейроинфламмации. BRD4 — читатель хроматинов, связывающий себя с ацетилированными гистонами и направляющий транскрипцию множества генов. Однако неизвестно, регулирует ли и каким образом БРД4 функцию микроглии. Мы рассмотрели роль микроглии и BRD4 в нейро-воспалительном заболевании, экспериментальном аутоиммунном энцефаломиелите (EAE), модели мыши для множественных склерозов. Ранее сообщалось, что в EAE при первоначальной активации Т к

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
Microglia are resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) that provides anti-microbial protection but also promote neur … We addressed the role of microglia and BRD4 in a neuroinflammatory disease, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model for multiple sclerosis. It was reported earlier that in EAE, upon initial T cell activation in the peripheral lymphoid organs, CD4+ T cells migrate to CNS and are reactivated by resident or migratory antigen presenting cells res …

Investigating anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of brivaracetam and lacosamide in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

PURPOSE: Inflammation plays a role in drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE). We have previously reported an increased proportion of CD4 T cells disp … of human and murine peripheral immune cells in vitro and in vivo in active experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a common mouse model of central nervous system inflammation. RESULTS: We found that brivaracetam and lacosamide at 2.5 μg/ml did not impair the survival and activation of human immune cells, but a higher dose of 25 μg/ml decreased mitogen-in …

Identification of Anti-Collapsin Response Mediator Protein 2 Antibodies in Patients With Encephalitis or Encephalomyelitis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An increasing number of autoimmune encephalitis (AE)-associated autoantibodies have been successfully characterized. … tainings on rat brain sections resulted in the identification of anti-CRMP2 antibodies in a case of encephalomyelitis. The two patients responded well to immunotherapies. CONCLUSIONS: This study discovered that a novel anti-CRMP2 antibody was associated with suspected AE and thus should be included in the testing list for AE.

Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis: clinical, neurophysiological, laboratory and postmortem findings of a case presenting as encephalomyelitis.

Our patient was admitted to hospital with a 1-week history of an upper respiratory tract infection and a rapidly progressive encephalopathy dominated by brainstem features and widespread areflexia. Her antiganglioside antibodies and electroencephalography were consistent with Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE), and her postmortem examination revealed a predominantly florid brainstem encephalitis and myelitis. Her sputum and throat swabs isolated Haemophilus influenzae and Fusobacterium, respectively, the former being the most probable trigger of BBE. Our patient's death, despite the othe

Localisation of clozapine during experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and its impact on dopamine and its receptors.

Multiple sclerosis is a disease characterised by axonal demyelination in the central nervous system (CNS). The atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model used to study multiple sclerosis, but the precise mechanism is unknown and could include both peripheral and CNS-mediated effects. To better understand where clozapine exerts its protective effects, we investigated the tissue distribution and localisation of clozapine using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass s…

The Presentation of Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Is Not Influenced by the Presence or Absence of Joint Hypermobility.

OBJECTIVE: To examine demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) with and without joint hypermobility We hypothesized that patients who were joint hypermobility-positive would have an earlier onset of ME/CFS symptoms as well as increased severity, a greater number of comorbid conditions, and a lower health-related quality of life. STUDY DESIGN: From an observational cohort study of 55 individuals meeting the Fukuda criteria for ME/CFS, we compared groups using a Beighton score cutoff of 4 or higher to indicate joint…

Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis followed by Optic Neuritis: A Rare Syndrome of Uncertain Treatment and Prognosis.

AIM: Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis followed by optic neuritis (ADEM-ON), first described in 2013, is a rare demyelinating syndrome, typical of the pediatric age. We conducted a mini review of the existing literature, focusing on clinical, laboratory, radiological, therapeutic, and prognostic aspects in order to improve the identification of new cases. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Cochrane Library for studies on ADEM-ON between 2013 and 2018. RESULTS EXAMINATION: of the reported cases (three case reports and eight observational studies) established the following features. Time betwe…