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Clockwork symbiosis: The vital interplay of microbiota and human chronobiology.

The human microbiota and host circadian system engage in a bidirectional dialogue with consequences for metabolism, immunity, and barrier physiology. This narrative review examines the microbiota-chronobiology interface across the gut and selected extra-intestinal niches and uses the term "clockwork symbiosis" as an organizing framework for this crosstalk. A structured, non-exhaustive search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase was conducted for studies published between 2000 and 2024, with priority given to human evidence and mechanistic studies with clear translati…

Gut Microbiota and Psychological Distress in Fibromyalgia: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to summarize the recent evidence of the relationship between gut microbiota and psychological distress in patients with fibromyalgia (FM). METHODS: According to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic search of the literature on PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO, Web of Science, and Cochrane. The records were selected using multiple combinations of relevant search terms involving microbiota, psychological distress, and FM. Articles in English with human participants were reviewed. RESULTS: The initial search identified 135 records, excluding duplicates, of wh…

Immunomodulatory effects of oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation, progressive cartilage and bone destruction, and resulting functional disability. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial, involving both genetic predisposition and environmental influences. In recent years, the interaction between the oral microbiota and RA has emerged as a prominent research focus. Dysbiosis of the oral microbiome, defined as an imbalance in microbial composition relative to a healthy state, accompanies disease onset and may further act as a trigger of systemic autoimmune r…

Gut Microbiota as a Therapeutic Target for Chronic Pain Disorders.

Chronic pain disorders of unknown etiology, including burning mouth syndrome, chronic pelvic pain, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, m … ed function of the central dopaminergic nervous system. The potential mechanisms connecting the gut microbiota to chronic pain disorders may be the decrease in butyrate-producing bacteria in dopamine signaling and the change in estrobolome in estrogen signaling. Consequently, an approach targeting the gut microbiota using probiotics has emerged as a potentia …

The Role of Microbiota and Fecal Transplantation in Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), are consistently associated with alterations in gut microbial communities, although the extent and characteristics of these alterations vary across studies, supporting a potential role of the microbiota in disease pathogenesis and therapeutic modulation. We conducted a systematic review to synthesize current evidence on microbiota alterations in IBD and the clinical application of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT). A total of 118 studies were included (76 focused on microbiota profiling and 42 …

Preface to the Special Issue: "Microbiota and Gut-Brain Axis".

The microbiota-gut-brain axis has emerged as a central framework for understanding how microbial communities influence nervous system development, function, and disease. This Special Issue highlights three interconnected themes: microbial metabolites and neurochemistry, developmental and neuroimmune mechanisms, and translation to neurological and psychiatric disease. The articles in the collection examine how microbial metabolites modulate neuroinflammatory and neurochemical pathways, how stress, development, immune signaling, and gut health shape gut-brain communication across the lifespan, a…

Effects of gut microbiota on the susceptibility of ischemic stroke in mice.

UNLABELLED: Ischemic stroke is a highly prevalent disease with limited therapeutic options, and emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota influences stroke pathophysiology. However, whether the gut microbiota affects individual susceptibility to ischemic stroke remains unclear. Here, middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed to stratify mice into ischemic stroke-sensitive (SEN: reaching humane endpoints within day 1) and ischemic stroke-resistant (RES: surviving to day 7) groups based on post-stroke survival. SEN mice exhibited more severe brain injury than RES mice, accompanied …

Obesity, skin disorders, and the microbiota: Unraveling a complex web.

Obesity is increasingly recognized as a systemic pro-inflammatory condition that influences not only metabolic and cardiovascular health but also the development and exacerbation of cutaneous inflammatory diseases. This review examines the interplay between obesity, microbial dysbiosis, and two archetypal inflammatory skin disorders-hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) and psoriasis. We highlight how obesity-induced changes in immune signaling, gut permeability, and microbiota composition-both in the gut and the skin-contribute to cutaneous inflammation. Special emphasis is placed on shared pathways …

Characterization of changes in the gut microbiota associated with eating disorders.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Eating disorders are serious pathologies with a strong negative impact on patients' quality of life and mortality. The gut microbiota was recently proposed as one of the potential factors involved in eating disorders. To gain a better understanding of the potential role of the gut microbiota in these diseases, we explored its composition in patients with all typical forms of eating disorders. METHODS: We used 16S rRNA sequencing to compare the composition of the faecal microbiota of patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder, with that of healt…

The analysis of cervicovaginal microbiota and immune mediators in patients with adenomyosis.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: To determine and characterise changes associated with microbial, inflammatory and immune factors in patients with adenomyosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: 115 female patients were enrolled in the study, including 85 patients with adenomyosis and 30 healthy individuals. Vaginal cleanliness was assessed by collecting vaginal samples and plating on solid bacterial agar. Urogenital infections were determined by the PCR analysis of the cervicovaginal samples. The immunological characterisation was performed using enzyme immunoassay to analyse cervicovaginal lavage

Application and prospects of fecal microbiota transplantation in cancer therapy.

As the largest community of commensal microorganisms in the human body, the gut microbiota-through its structural and functional imbalances-participates in the entire process of tumor initiation and progression, and profoundly influences the efficacy and safety of conventional anticancer regimens, including chemotherapy and immunotherapy. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) offers a novel biological strategy for cancer treatment by reestablishing the ecological balance of the host gut microbiota. This review systematically integrates the basic theory, clinical practice, technical optimizati…

Гут Микробиота и аутоиммунные заболевания: терапевтический потенциал пробиотики.

В последние годы все большее внимание уделяется роли кишечного микробиота в патогенезе аутоиммунных заболеваний, таких, как тип 1 диабет (T1D), ревматоидный артрит (RA) и множественный склероз (MS). Многочисленные исследования показали, что кишечный дисбиоз-несбалансированность кишечного микробного сообщества может повлиять на иммунную реакцию хост-компании путем модуляции подстрекательских путей, целостности кишечного барьера и функции иммунных клеток. Пациенты с T1D, RA и MS часто имеют меньшее количество противовоспалительных бактерий (например, Feecalibacterium prausnitzii) и слишком много

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In recent years, increasing attention has been directed toward the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Numerous studies have shown that gut dysbiosis-an imbalance in the intestinal microbial community-can influence host immune responses by mod…

Oral microbiota: the overlooked catalyst in cancer initiation and progression.

The advancement of high-throughput sequencing technology in recent decades has led to a greater understanding of the components of the oral microbiota, providing a solid foundation for extensive research in this field. The oral microbiota plays an important role in an individual's overall health. It has been shown to be significantly correlated with chronic human diseases, including diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, cardiovascular disease, periodontal disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, tumor occurrence and development are closely related to the oral microbiome. Specific bacteria, suc…

Approaches to dissect the vitamin biosynthetic network of the gut microbiota.

B-group vitamins and vitamin K are essential micronutrients required for numerous cellular processes in both microbial and human physiology. While traditionally considered to originate predominantly from dietary sources, the biosynthetic capacity of the human gut microbiota has recently been recognized as a valuable, though historically underappreciated, endogenous source of these vitamins. In particular, the microbial contribution to the host vitamin pool is increasingly acknowledged as a functionally relevant aspect of vitamin homeostasis, especially in the colon, where microbiota-derived vi…

Gut Microbiota at the Crossroad of Hepatic Oxidative Stress and MASLD.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is a prevalent chronic liver condition marked by excessive lipid accumulation in hepatic tissue. This disorder can lead to a range of pathological outcomes, including metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and cirrhosis. Despite extensive research, the molecular mechanisms driving MASLD initiation and progression remain incompletely understood. Oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation are pivotal in the "multiple parallel hit model", contributing to hepatic cell death and tissue damage. Gut microbiota plays a subs…

[Challenges and progress in in the clinical application of fecal microbiota transplantation].

With the deepening understanding of the role of gut microbiota in human health and disease, fecal microbiota transplantation has gained widespread attention as an emerging therapeutic approach in recent years. This technique involves the transplantation of microbial communities from the feces of healthy donors into patients to reconstruct or improve the gut microbiota structure, thereby achieving therapeutic goals. Fecal microbiota transplantation has become an effective method for treating recurrent or refractory Clostridium difficile infections and has shown good therapeutic effects and safe…

Quantification of Lactobacillus spp. of interest for the study of the vaginal microbiota.

The optimal vaginal microbiota is dominated by Lactobacillus spp., particularly Lactobacillus crispatus or Lactobacillus gasseri. Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus inhibits the growth of other bacterial species. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is characterized by depletion of vaginal Lactobacillus and treatment with current choice antibiotics often fails urging novel alternatives including probiotics or prebiotics. Testing new components for BV treatment often utilize in vitro quantification of Lactobacillus. Thus, this study aimed to compare methods for L. crispatus and L. gasseri quantificati…

The role of gut microbiota in psychiatric disorders: current findings.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Gut microbiota and its alterations have been increasingly implicated in the pathophysiology of major psychiatric disorders via the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This narrative review aims to highlight current findings from recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses (published between September 2023 and March 2025), addressing the role of gut microbiota in major depressive disorder (MDD) and schizophrenia, with particular attention to the effects of psychotropic medications and microbiota-targeted interventions. RECENT FINDINGS: In MDD, consistent changes in gut microbiota com…

The gut microbiota and its role in the development of cardiovascular disease.

INTRODUCTION: The pathophysiology of cardiovascular diseases encompasses a complex interplay of genetic and environmental risk factors. Even if traditional risk factors are treated to target, there remains a residual risk. AREAS COVERED: This manuscript reviews the potential role of gut microbiota in the development of cardiovascular disease, and as potential target. A systematic search was conducted until 30 October 2024 on PubMed (MEDLINE), using the MeSH terms [Gut microbiota] + [Dysbiosis] + [Cardiovascular] + [TMAO] + [bile acids] + [short-chain fatty acids]. EXPERT OPINION: The term dy…

Microbiota-A Rescuing Modulator in Children Struggling with Functional Constipation.

Constipation affects around 30% of children and in 95% of cases is functional (FC), a consequence of alterations in digestive tract peristalsis, modulated by the immune and nervous systems, bile acid metabolism, and the gut microbiota. The aim of this review was to assess the role of gut microbiota and the use of probiotics in children with constipation. The current treatment involves education, toilet training, and oral laxatives, effective in only 50% of patients. In chronic FC, the composition of the microbiota is altered, with increased abundance of Bacteroidetes, Enterobacteriaceae, and F…