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Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV)-specific RT-PCR for characterization of natural foci of TBE and for other applications.

An effective detection system for TBEV-RNA sequences using a RT-PCR technique has been developed. In our system, specific oligonucleotide pr … olated in different years, in different geographic regions and from different sources. 22313 Ixodes ricinus ticks from north-east Germany were analyzed for TBEV-specific sequences in order to characterize the viral activity in natural foci of TBE. In the new Federal Länder, only 6 samples gave positive PCR-results, showing that the natural foci of TBE had …

Interaction of native and asialo rat sublingual glycoproteins with lectins.

The binding properties of the rat sublingual glycoprotein (RSL) and its asialo product with lectins were characterized by quantitative precipitin(QPA) and precipitin inhibition(QPIA) assays. Among twenty lectins tested for QPA, native RSL reacted well only with Artocarpus integrifolia (jacalin), but weakly or not at all with the other lectins. However, its asialo product (asialo-RSL) reacted strongly with many Gal and GalNAc specific lectins-it bound best to three of the GalNAc alpha 1-->Ser/Thr (Tn) and/or Gal beta 1-->4GlcNAc (II) active lectins [jacalin, Wistaria floribunda and Ricinus comm…

Abnormal extracellular matrix in corneas with pseudophakic bullous keratopathy.

The present study describes biochemical and morphological differences of pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (PBK) corneas as compared with nor … ormals. Sugar-specific lectin studies showed an increased deposition of peanut agglutinin (PNA) and Ricinus communis agglutinin I (RCA120) in the DM/PCL of the PBK corneas. Our data suggest that the DM/PCL of PBK corneas have an increased accumulation of terminal B-galactose and B-D-galactose (1-3)-D-N-acetylgalactosamine residues and altered ratios of lo …

Glycoconjugates in exfoliation syndrome. A lectin histochemical study of the ciliary body and lens.

The binding of ten biotin-coupled lectins with different carbohydrate specificities to exfoliative material and neighbouring tissues was studied in 16 formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded human eyes. Eight of the eyes were exfoliation positive while the rest were exfoliation negative. Exfoliative material reacted intensely with Lens culinaris (LCA), Canavalia ensiformis (ConA) and Ricinus communis (RCA-I) agglutinins. Positive reaction was also seen with wheat germ (WGA), peanut (PNA) and soybean (SBA) agglutinins. The superficial zonular lamella, zonular fibers and the non-pigmented epitheliu…

First Detection of Jingmen Tick Virus in Hard Ticks Collected Across Multiple Regions of Italy.

Jingmen tick virus (JMTV) is a novel flavi-like virus first identified in 2010 in Rhipicephalus microplus in the Jingmen region of Hubei Pro … tern, central, and southern Italy. JMTV RNA was detected in multiple tick species, including Ixodes ricinus, Rhipicephalus bursa, Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., Dermacentor marginatus, and Hyalomma marginatum with a prevalence ranging from 0.52% to 18.42% in questing ticks. The detection of JMTV in ticks from all surveyed areas, indicates that the virus i …

Prevalence of tick-borne bacterial pathogens in Germany-has the situation changed after a decade?

INTRODUCTION: Tick-borne pathogens, such as Borreliella spp., Rickettsia spp., and Anaplasma spp., are frequently detected in Germany. They circulate between animals and tick vectors and can cause mild to severe diseases in humans. Knowledge about distribution and prevalence of these pathogens over time is important for risk assessment of human and animal health. METHODS: Ixodes ricinus nymphs were collected at different locations in 2009/2010 and 2019 in Germany and analyzed for tick-borne pathogens by real-time PCR and sequencing. RESULTS: Borreliella spp. were detected with a prevalence o…

Incidence of Tick-Borne Encephalitis during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Selected European Countries.

Ixodes ricinus ticks are one of the most important vectors and reservoirs of infectious diseases in Europe, and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is one of the most dangerous human diseases transmitted by these vectors. The aim of the present study was to investigate the TBE incidence in some European countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. To this end, we analyzed the data published by the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and Eurostat on the number of reported TBE and COVID-19 cases in 2020 and TBE cases in 2015-2019 (reference period). Significant differences in the TBE …

Molecular detection of Babesia spp. in European bison (Bison bonasus) and their ticks.

Babesia spp. are tick-borne haemoparasites that infect a wide range of domestic and wild mammals. Free-ranging ungulates are considered to b … samples obtained from 37 European bison individuals and 242 ticks belonging to two species, Ixodes ricinus and Dermacentor reticulatus, collected from bison were subjected to PCR analysis of the 18S rRNA gene followed by sequencing. Babesia spp. were detected in 8% of the samples from European bison and in 11% of the ticks. Sequence analysis of partial 1 …

The Role of Ticks in the Emergence of Borrelia burgdorferi as a Zoonotic Pathogen and Its Vector Control: A Global Systemic Review.

Ticks are widely distributed across the globe, serving as hosts for numerous pathogens that make them major contributors to zoonotic parasit … ia burgdorferi, with more than half of the recorded cases in the last two decades related to Ixodes ricinus and Ixodes scapularis ticks. Forty-six studies from four continents, Europe, North America, Asia, and Africa, reported this pathogen in ticks collected from vegetation, animals, and humans. This study highlights an increasing distribution of tick-as …

Bioactivity of plant extracts on the larval and pupal stages of Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidea).

INTRODUCTION: Aedes aegypti is responsible for the transmission of the dengue and yellow fever viruses. This study evaluated the effects of extracts from Cnidosculos phyllacanthus, Ricinus communis, and Coutarea hexandra on the developmental periods of A.aegypti larvae and pupae. Crude extracts of C. phyllacanthus and C. hexandra and oil from R. communis and C. phyllacanthus were used. METHODS: Bioassays of the larvicidal and pupicidal effects of these products at different concentrations and times of exposure were evaluated. The lethal and sublethal effects were determined using different co…

Пространственная стратификация различных заболеваний Лайма на центральноевропейском участке.

Чтобы определить, является ли грызуновый состав спирошеток Лайма пространственно стратифицированным, мы собрали клещи Ixodes ricodes на соседних участках, где грызуны, птицы и ящерицы присутствовали в качестве водохранилища и сравнивали распространенность различных геноспециалов. Общая распространенность спирошеток в поисках клещей различалась по всему учебному участку. Borrelia lusitanae, как представляется, заражает взрослых клещей на одном участке с той же частотой, что и Borrelia afzelii на других участках. Относительная плотность поиска имфальных клещей и клещей для взрослых сильно варьир

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
To determine whether the genospecies composition of Lyme disease spirochetes is spatially stratified, we collected questing Ixodes ricinus ticks in neighboring plots where rodents, birds, and lizards were present as reservoir host and compared the prevalence of various genospecies. The overall prevalence of spirochetes in questing ticks varied across the stu…

Emerging arthropod-borne diseases of companion animals in Europe.

Vector-borne diseases are caused by parasites, bacteria or viruses transmitted by the bite of hematophagous arthropods (mainly ticks and mos … ndance of the three main tick species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor reticulatus and Ixodes ricinus are changing. The conditions for such changes involve primarily human factors, such as travel with pets, changes in human habitats, social and leisure activities, but climate changes also have a direct impact on arthropod vectors (abundance, geograp …

Chapter 4. Recent epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis an effect of climate change?

Consideration is given to the opinion of some specialists that the rise in tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) morbidity at the turn of the century has been accounted for by new features of TBE epidemiology as well as by global climate change. It is shown that neither the reputed current expansion of the ranges of main TBE vectors, the taiga (Ixodes persulcatus) and sheep (Ixodes ricinus) ticks, nor the significant rise of their abundance and TBE virus prevalence in them are confirmed by any objective data. The concept of recent tick expansion to large cities and human TBE infection in newly formed …

Differential localization of cell surface and secretory components in rat intestinal epithelium by use of lectins.

Sections through various levels of small intestine from adult male rats were examined by fluorescence microscopy after treatment with fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled lectins from Dolichos biflorus, Lotus tetragonolobus, Ricinus communis, and Triticum vulgare (wheat germ). The latter three lectins reacted with the microvillar portion of the epithelial cells lining the crypts and villi in sections of intestine adjacent to the pylorus. This pattern of reactivity was sharply altered along the first 15 cm of intestine so that in sections distal to this point the luminal surfaces of only those ep…

Lyme borreliosis.

Lyme borreliosis is the most common tick-borne disease in the northern hemisphere. It is a zoonosis caused by several species of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and transmitted by the bite of infected ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. Lyme borreliosis in North America and Europe differs in certain respects, likely reflecting the different Borrelia species that cause human disease in these locations. The earliest manifestation of Lyme borreliosis is the skin lesion erythema migrans, which develops at the tick bite site, typically 7-14 days after the bite. Some untreated patients will then (w…

Toxoplasma gondii infection in ticks infesting migratory birds: the blackbird (Turdus merula) and the song thrush (Turdus philomelos).

Toxoplasmosis, caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, is the zoonosis widespread all over the world. Birds constitute an important group of T. gondii intermediate hosts often attacked by definitive hosts, e.g. domestic cats. Due to confirmation of an additional way of T. gondii transmission via tick bite, the aim of our study was to state and evaluate the infection prevalence of ticks feeding on blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (Turdus philomelos). The real-time PCR amplification of the B1 gene fragment was used for detection of T. gondii infection in 157 Ixodes ricinus ticks r…

Short- and long-term outcomes of pulmonary exposure to a sublethal dose of ricin in mice.

Ricin, an extremely potent toxin produced from the seeds of castor plant, Ricinus communis, is ribosome-inactivating protein that blocks cell-protein synthesis. It is considered a biological threat due to worldwide availability of castor beans, massive quantities as a by-product of castor oil production, high stability and ease of production. The consequence of exposure to lethal dose of ricin was extensively described in various animal models. However, it is assumed that in case of aerosolized ricin bioterror attack, the majority of individuals would be exposed to sublethal doses rather than …

Aseptic Meningitis Linked to Borrelia afzelii Seroconversion in Northeastern Greece: An Emerging Infectious Disease Contested in the Region.

Borreliosis (Lyme disease) is a zoonosis, mediated to humans and small mammals through specific vectors (ticks), with increasing global incidence. It is associated with a variety of clinical manifestations and can, if not promptly recognized and left untreated, lead to significant disability. In Europe, the main Borrelia species causing disease in humans are Borrelia burgdorferi s.s., Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii, and Borrelia spielmanii. The Ixodes ricinus tick is their principal vector. Although Lyme disease is considered endemic in the Balkan region and Turkey, and all three main Lyme…

Rickettsia species in Dermacentor reticulatus ticks feeding on human skin and clinical manifestations of tick-borne infections after tick bite.

Dermacentor reticulatus ticks are sporadically removed from human skin and therefore the medical consequences of their feeding are neglected compared to Ixodes ricinus. We investigated the prevalence of pathogens in D. reticulatus removed from human skin and possible clinical manifestations suggestive of tick-borne diseases after a tick bite. A total of 2153 ticks were studied and of these only 34 were D. reticulatus. The mean prevalence of Rickettsia in D. reticulatus was 50.0% and R. raoultii was identified in 82.4% of infected D. reticulatus ticks. We confirmed the first case of R. aeschlim…

Interferon-γ-dependent control of Anaplasma phagocytophilum by murine neutrophil granulocytes.

BACKGROUND: Anaplasma phagocytophilum is a Gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium that is transmitted by ticks of the Ixodes ricinus complex. It replicates in neutrophils and elicits febrile disease in humans and animals. Because of its striking tropism for neutrophils, A. phagocytophilum has been used as a model organism to study the immune response against obligate intracellular pathogens. In mice, the control of A. phagocytophilum in the early phase of infection is dependent on natural killer cell-derived interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In contrast, the final elimination strictly requires CD4…