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Pathogenesis of Lassa fever.

Lassa virus, an Old World arenavirus (family Arenaviridae), is the etiological agent of Lassa fever, a severe human disease that is reported in more than 100,000 patients annually in the endemic regions of West Africa with mortality rates for hospitalized patients varying between 5-10%. Currently, there are no approved vaccines against Lassa fever for use in humans. Here, we review the published literature on the life cycle of Lassa virus with the specific focus put on Lassa fever pathogenesis in humans and relevant animal models. Advancing knowledge significantly improves our understanding of…

Mania in dengue fever.

Dengue fever, also known as break bone fever, is a mosquito-borne infection that causes a severe flu-like illness. During the last few years, there had been increasing reports of dengue fever with unusual manifestations, primarily with neurological symptoms. Psychiatric morbidity during acute dengue infection has rarely been reported. There has not been any systemic study mentioning the prevalence and pattern of psychiatric sequelae. We report a 28-year-old male who after an acute dengue infection developed an episode of mania which was successfully treated.

[Hereditary periodical fever syndromes].

Autoinflammatory diseases are characterized by attacks of apparently unprovoked inflammation without significant levels of autoantibodies or antigen-specific T-cells. Within the past decade, a number of different genetic causes of fever syndromes have been identified: familial Mediterranean fever (FMF), hyper IgD syndrome, cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes and tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated periodic syndrome. The recent awareness and recognition of pathogenic mechanism of these diseases have led to new possibilities for medical treatment with targeted biological agents.

Argentine hemorrhagic fever vaccines.

Argentine hemorrhagic fever (AHF), an acute disease caused by Junin virus (JUNV, Arenaviridae), has been an important issue to public health in Argentina since the early 1950s. The field rodent Calomys musculinus is JUNV natural reservoir and human disease is a consequence of contact with infected rodents. A steady extention of AHF endemic area is being observed since the first reports of the disease. Important achievements have been made in: (a) improvement of methods for the etiological diagnosis; (b) implementation and validation of therapeutical measures; (c) development of vaccines to pro…

Emergence of q Fever.

Q fever is a worldwide zoonosis with many acute and chronic manifestations caused by the pathogen Coxiella burnetii. Farm animals and pets are the main reservoirs of infection, and transmission to human beings is mainly accomplished through inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Persons at greatest risk are those in contact with farm animals and include farmers, abattoir workers, and veterinarians. The organs most commonly affected during Q fever are the heart, the arteries, the bones and the liver. The most common clinical presentation is an influenza-like illness with varying degrees of pneumo…

Brucellosis mimicking enteric fever.

Brucellosis is a systemic infection with multiple presentations. Despite its oral transmission and gastrointestinal pathogenesis, systemic symptoms are usually more prominent than gastrointestinal complaints. We report a patient with enteric fever caused by Brucella melitensis.

Treatment of enteric fever.

Enteric fever is systemic illness caused by Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A, B and C. It is believed to be a readily treatable illness by many clinicians in the developing world where it is endemic; however, with the emergence of drug resistance to fluoroquinolones, treatment is becoming increasingly difficult. While drugs such as cefixime, previously believed to be effective, have been proven otherwise, new agents such as gatifloxacin and azithromycin have proven to be promising. Re-emergence of chloramphenicol sensitive strains in previously resistant areas points towards the con…

Paracetamol and fever management.

Paracetamol is one of the most commonly used legal drugs in the western world. Its availability is good, cost is low, and its uses include ' … nd users may incur compromised immune integrity. This paper is concerned with paracetamol's role in fever management. Public concern regarding, in particular, childhood fever and febrile convulsions is largely unwarranted. Despite paracetamol's reputation as a popular fever-reducing agent the drug is poorly effective in the control of febrility and febr …

Связанная с бараниной лихорадка Q.

В Атлантик-Канаде традиционным фактором риска для приобретения инфекции Q лихорадки является воздействие инфицированных партуриентных кошек или новорожденных котят. В этом исследовании описывается первый случай лихорадки Q в Новой Шотландии, полученный в результате непосредственного воздействия на овец. Серообследование связанного с ним стада было проведено с использованием косвенного анализа иммунофторации (IFA) для проверки антител на стадии I и фазе II Coxiella signetii антигенов. Это серообследование показало, что 23 из 46 овец (50%) имели серопозитивную реакцию на антитела второго этапа.

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
In Atlantic Canada, the traditional risk factor for acquisition of Q fever infection has been exposure to infected parturient cats or newborn kittens. In this study we describe the first case of Q fever in Nova Scotia acquired as a result of direct exposure to sheep. A serosurvey of the associated flock was undertaken using an indirect immunofluorescence ass…

[Q Fever in Tunisia].

Q fever is a common zoonosis with almost a worldwide distribution caused by Coxiella burnetii. Farm animals and pets are the main reservoirs of infection and transmission to humans is usually via inhalation of contaminated aerosols. Infection in humans is often asymptomatic, but it can manifest as an acute disease (usually a self-limited flu-like illness, pneumonia or hepatitis) or as a chronic form (mainly endocarditis, but also hepatitis and chronic-fatigue syndrome). In Tunisia, although prevalence of anti-Coxiella burnetii was high among blood donors, Q fever was rarely reported and freque…

[Immunization against yellow fever].

Yellow fever is a potentially epidemic arboviral disease, submitted to the international health regulation. The disease is severe but rare in travellers. Immunization protects the individual and prevents transmission to non immune populations. Neurological side effects of the vaccine are rare and already known. More recently severe systemic side effects have been reported, with a seemingly age increasing incidence (1,8/100,000 in the over 60 years old). They seem related to host immunity rather than to an increased virulence of the vaccines. The indication and contra indications to the vaccine…

Treatment of yellow fever.

Yellow fever (YF) is a life-threatening mosquito-borne flaviviral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) characterized by severe hepatitis, renal failure, hemorrhage, and rapid terminal events with shock and multi-organ failure. A live, attenuated vaccine (YF 17D), in wide use for over 60 years, causes a disease identical to wild-type virus at an incidence of 2.5x10(-6). Our current understanding of the pathogenesis and treatment of YF (described in this brief review) is derived from studies of animal models (macaques, hamsters) that reproduce the features of human YF and from descriptive studies of human ca…