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Differences in bone and vitamin D metabolism between primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.

Bone and vitamin D metabolism are examined in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (1 degree HPT), humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy (HHM), and local osteolytic hypercalcemia (LOH) with normal renal function. Among the bone resorption markers, T scores of total deoxypyridinoline (Dpyd) were highest in HHM and were significantly higher than those in 1 degree HPT. Among the formation markers, T scores of osteocalcin (OC) were highest in 1 degree HPT but were negative in HHM. The elevation in total Dpyd was associated with an increase in OC in 1 degree HPT, and the ratios of total Dpyd/OC …

Vascular effects of diet-induced hypercalcemia after balloon artery injury in giant Flemish rabbits.

To determine whether metastatic calcification during neointima formation can result in neointimal calcification that simulates advanced huma … d in the calcified atherosclerotic aortas (12.3% vs 5.2%; p = 0.001). We conclude that diet-induced hypercalcemia predominantly affects the media despite the presence of concomitant neointima formation from balloon artery injury with or without hypercholesterolemia and increases the residual strain more than twofold compared to normal thoracic aortas.

An association between neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia in three kindreds.

Four cases of neonatal severe primary hyperparathyroidism occurred in three families; familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia was present in each kindred. The diagnosis of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia was based on the following features; hypercalcemia in many relatives (eight to 16 per kindred), without other features of the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes; recognition of hypercalcemia before the age of 10 in one to three relatives; hypocalciuric hypercalcemia in all relatives tested (five to 14 per kindred); and abnormal serum calcium levels despite parathyroidectomy in all additi…

Hypercalcemia and acute kidney injury caused by occupational inhalation of vitamin D3: a case report.

Vitamin D intoxication is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition that can lead to severe hypercalcemia and serious complications. Most reported cases are associated with long-term or high-dose oral vitamin D preparations, dietary supplement use, or inappropriate iatrogenic prescribing. In contrast, occupational inhalation exposure remains exceedingly uncommon. We report the case of a 25-year-old man who developed parathyroid hormone (PTH)-independent hypercalcemia and acute kidney injury (AKI) due to excessive exogenous vitamin D3 exposure in the workplace. Following prompt treatmen…

Hypercalcemia in neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis: A systematic review of risk factors, timing, and complications.

BackgroundSubcutaneous fat necrosis (SCFN) of the newborn is a rare panniculitis. It is characterized by erythematous, indurated nodules or plaques involving the back, buttocks, or extremities. Although the lesions usually resolve spontaneously, SCFN can be complicated by hypercalcemia. This complication may lead to significant morbidity and mortality. This review summarizes the risk factors, timing, and complications of hypercalcemia in SCFN.MethodThis review followed the PRISMA 2020 statement (Registration ID: CRD420251145895). A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDire…

Giant Intrathyroidal Parathyroid Carcinoma Presenting as an Asymptomatic Hypercalcemia: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine malignancy characterized by uncontrolled secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH). This article presents a case of a giant PC that was entirely located within the thyroid gland and was initially misdiagnosed as a thyroid nodule. Our case is noteworthy for the absence of clinical symptoms and the markedly elevated serum calcium and PTH levels. We provide a detailed description of the patient's imaging findings and systematically review the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities of PC.

Гипервискозный синдром, гиперкальцемия и острая ренальная недостаточность в качестве первоначальных проявлений множественной миеломы в октогенариане.

Множественная миелома (ММ) — гематологическая порча, характеризующаяся распространением аномальных плазменных клеток, часто сопровождаемая чрезмерной секрецией моноклонных иммуноглобулинов. Синдром гипервискоза (HVS) является редким, но угрожающим жизни осложнением, которое ведет к расстройству микроциркуляции и дисфункции органов. Кроме того, гиперкальцемия, обычно связанная с остеолитическим разрушением костей, может также привести к острым повреждениям почек и изменению сознания. ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЕ СЛУЧАИ: Мы описываем 80-year-old Мужчина, у которого была путаница, общая слабость, снижение мочи

Совпадение в аннотации оригинала
BACKGROUND: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy characterized by the proliferation of abnormal plasma cells, often accompani … atening complication that leads to microcirculatory impairment and organ dysfunction. Additionally, hypercalcemia, commonly associated with osteolytic bone destruction, can further result in acute kidney injury and altered consciousness. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe an 80-year-old male who presented with confusion, generalized weakness, decreased urine outpu …

Response to corticosteroids and alternative therapies in sarcoidosis-related hypercalcemia: A guideline-lacking retrospective analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology that can affect multiple organs including a known complication of hypercalcemia. Many therapies, both steroidal and nonsteroidal, have been employed. However, the optimal therapy for hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis is unknown, with most data from case reports and small case series. More information is needed to determine which nonsteroidal agents control hypercalcemia in sarcoidosis patients, particularly for populations in whom steroids should be avoided. We sought to answer the question, which pharmacological…

A Case of Adolescent Girl with Hypercalcemia Resistant to Medical Treatment Due to Giant Breast Fibroadenoma.

Hypercalcemia in children is a rare condition and can result from various etiologies such as genetic, metabolic, iatrogenic and malignancy. In some malignancies, Parathyroid Hormone Related Protein (PTHrP) can mimic the physiological effects of Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) and cause hypercalcemia. In this report , we present a rare case of hypercalcemia secondary to juvenile fibroadenoma, which is a benign breast tumor. A 14-year-old girl presented with a complaint of solid breast mass. Further evaluation with ultrasonography and trucut biopsy, a diagnosis of 14x8 cm juvenile fibroadenoma was mad…

An Unusual Case of Renal-Limited Sarcoidosis Presenting With Hypercalcemia of Unknown Origin: A Case Report.

Sarcoidosis is a relatively uncommon multisystem disease that is often difficult to diagnose, frequently requiring multiple physician evaluations. While common symptoms include fatigue, weight loss, lymphadenopathy, and multi-organ involvement, some cases deviate from this classic presentation. We present the case of an elderly male patient who exhibited severe hypercalcemia without the typical systemic manifestations of sarcoidosis. His hypercalcemia of unknown origin led to multiple hospitalizations. Initial medical management provided only temporary relief, and an extensive workup failed to…

Teriparatide-induced Sever Persistent Hypercalcemia in an Osteoporotic Patient: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A rare case of severe prolonged persistent Teriparatide-induced hypercalcemia (14.3mg/dL on admission) in an osteoporotic patient after ceasing the Teriparatide is reported. This 67-year-old female was admitted with polyuria, xerostomia, constipation, progressive weakness, and a history of Triparatide use due to a previous osteoporotic fracture. Her serum calcium, PTH, and vitamin D levels had been normal before starting Teriparatide. Ninety six hours after ceasing the Teriparatide along with rehydration and Calcitonin treatment, the patient's serum calcium levels returned to normal. Severe Te…

A Challenging Case of Hypercalcemia Caused by a Novel Homozygous Variant Missense Mutation in the CYP24A1 Gene.

Mild to moderate elevations of calcium may be asymptomatic and therefore remain undiagnosed until detected incidentally or when an aggravating factor exacerbates the hypercalcemia, causing recognizable symptoms. We report a unique case of a 26-year-old male with persistent hypercalcemia, nephrolithiasis, suppressed PTH, normal PTH-related protein, and hypercalciuria but no etiological diagnosis despite an exhaustive workup. Genetic analysis revealed a novel homozygous missense pathogenic variant of the CYP24A1 gene, crucial for vitamin D metabolism. Mutations in this gene have been shown to ca…

[Novel mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor encoding genes as a cause of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia].

Hypercalcemia is a rare reason for consultation in clinical practice and is often an incidental finding in a routine biochemical evaluation. Its most frequent cause is primary hyperparathyroidism. Rarely, hypercalcemia is due to mutations in the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) signaling pathway that give rise to the different forms of familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH). Two aspects are essential to suspect a probable FHH, the first is the existence of other cases in the family of elevated calcium and PTH associated with low urinary calcium excretion. In this context, a calcium clearanc…

Refractory Hypercalcemia of Malignancy in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Buccal Mucosa With Skeletal Muscle Metastasis.

Refractory hypercalcemia of malignancy (RHOM) is a challenging and often life-threatening condition characterized by persistently high serum calcium levels despite standard treatments. It is commonly associated with malignancies such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung, breast cancer, and multiple myeloma. However, studies on head and neck cancers, including SCC of the oral cavity, suggest that hypercalcemia can occur but is relatively rare. We report a case of a 45-year-old male with SCC of the buccal mucosa who presented with severe, refractory hypercalcemia. Despite aggressive hydr…

An Atypical Case of Extrapulmonary Sarcoidosis with Severe Hypercalcemia as Initial Presentation, Successfully Treated with Glucocorticoids.

BACKGROUND: Sarcoidosis is a multisystemic disease that is histologically characterized by non-caseating granulomas in one or more organs. Although hypercalcemia is commonly seen in sarcoidosis, clinically significant hypercalcemia as the initial presentation of sarcoidosis is exceedingly rare. Long-standing hypercalcemia can lead to several complications and needs to be adequately managed to prevent irreversible damage. Currently, there are no standard treatment guidelines for sarcoidosis-induced hypercalcemia, although glucocorticoids have often been used as first-line therapy. CASE REPORT:…

Calcitriol-Mediated Hypercalcemia Due to Liver Metastases in a Patient With Primary Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor.

Hypercalcemia is most commonly associated with primary hyperparathyroidism or malignancy in the setting of elevated parathyroid hormone-related protein or bone metastases. Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D)-mediated hypercalcemia is rare and typically associated with granulomatous conditions; however, other solid-organ etiologies have been reported. Here, we detail the case of a 62-year-old man with metastatic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET) with hypercalcemia refractory to traditional bisphosphonate therapy in the setting of vastly elevated 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. Only after initiat…

Late Onset Hypercalcemia in an HIV Patient as a Manifestation of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome (IRIS).

Hypercalcemia in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients can be challenging due to various underlying mechanisms. 1,25- dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D)-mediated hypercalcemia due to increased activity of extrarenal 1-alpha hydroxylase is one of the well-known mechanisms of hypercalcemia described in HIV patients. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) is a granulomatous disease that can cause hypercalcemia due to ectopic production of alpha -1 hydroxylase and result in increased levels of 1,25 (OH)2 vitamin D. Herein, we present a case of "late-onset" hypercalcemia in a p…

Acute Inflammatory Arthropathy and Hypercalcemia Leading to a Diagnosis of Primary Hyperparathyroidism in a Patient With Known Sarcoidosis.

Calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is a crystal-induced arthropathy characterized by calcium pyrophosphate crystal deposition in joints and soft tissues. The diagnosis is suggested by the presence of chondrocalcinosis on x-ray but is most often diagnosed by synovial fluid analysis (SFA). CPPD is associated with aging and metabolic disorders such as hyperparathyroidism. In this case, we present an 87-year-old woman with known sarcoidosis who presented with acute arthropathy, hypercalcemia, and radiographic evidence of CPPD. Her hypercalcemia had been attributed to her sarcoidosis i…

Case Report: Multiple prolactinomas in a young man with Kallmann syndrome and familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia.

INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of prolactinomas in sex hormone treated patients with central hypogonadism is extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATIO … mors, Kallmann syndrome and idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism was negative. Mild concomitant hypercalcemia in accordance with familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH) prompted mutation analysis of the calcium receptor (CASR) gene which yielded a pathogenic inactivating variant. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The presence of two separate prolactinomas in a pat …